Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Biological effects of antibodies to lymphocyte surface receptors

  • Published:
Springer Seminars in Immunopathology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Conclusions

In this review, I have outlined some of the biological consequences of antibody binding to lymphocyte membrane structures, using simple laboratory models. The potential complexities following from the interaction of this simple event with factors outside the cell have been explored. One such example was the different effect of antibody binding to membrane immunoglobulins of B cells, which was seen to depend on the presence or absence of T cell influences. Another was the effect of different classes of antibody coating of cells on their handling by the reticuloendothelial system. A third potential complexity was the case of membrane IgM of B lymphocytes, where the outcome of antibody binding depended on the state of maturity of the cell.

The number of antibody specificities that has been discussed has been relatively small and little mention has been made of receptors on cells outside the lymphoid system. It is conceivable that many antibody specificities might be detrimental to the health of the cell producing that antibody. Thus, we may have a biased view. Nonetheless, I do believe that the “reductionist” approach to complex phenomena is very powerful, provided that one keeps the limitations of experimental simplifications firmly in mind. Of course, the situation in real-life autoimmune disease is, certain to be more complex.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Aisenberg AC, Bloch KJ, Wilkes BM (1981) Malignant lymphoma with dual B and T cell markers. Analysis of the neoplastic cells with monoclonal antibodies directed against T cell subsets. J Exp Med 154: 1709

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Baker PE, Gillis S, Smith KA (1979) Monoclonal cytotoxic T cell lines. J Exp Med 149: 273

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Ballou B, Levine G, Hakala TR, Solter D (1979) Tumor location detected with radioactivity labeled monoclonal antibody and external scintigraphy. Science 206: 844

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Barondes SH (1981) Lectins: their multiple endogenous cellular functions. Annu Rev Biochem 50: 207

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Basch RS, Berman JW (1982) Thy-1 determinants are present on many murine hemopoietic cells other than T cells. Eur J Immunol 12: 359

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Berken A, Benacerraf B (1966) Properties of antibodies cytophilic for macrophages. J Exp Med 123: 119

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Bernstein ID, Nowinski RC, Tam MR, McMaster B, Houston LL, Clark EA (1980) Monoclonal antibody therapy of mouse leukemia. In: Kennet RH, McKearn TJ, Bechtol KB (eds) Monoclonal antibodies. Plenum Press, New York, 275

    Google Scholar 

  8. Bernstein ID, Tam MR, Nowinski RC (1980) Mouse leukemia: therapy with monoclonal antibodies against a thymus differentiation antigen. Science 207: 68

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Binz H, Wigzell H (1977) Antigen-binding, idiotypic T-lymphocyte receptors. Contemp Top Immunobiol 7: 113

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Black SJ, Hämmerling GJ, Berek C, Rajewsky K, Eichmann K (1976) Idiotypic analysis of lymphocytes in vitro. I. Specificity and heterogeneity of B and T lymphocytes reactive with antiidiotypic antibody. J Exp Med 143: 846

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Bleil JD, Bretscher MS (1982) Transferrin receptor and its recycling in HeLa cells. EMBO J 1: 351

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Borst J, Prendiville MA, Terhorst C (1982) Complexity of the human T lymphocyte-specific cell surface antigen T3. J Immunol 128: 1560

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Burgess AW, Metcalf D, Russell SHM, Nicola NA (1980) Granulocyte/macrophage-, megakaryocyte-, eosinophil- and erythroid-colony stimulating factors, produced by mouse spleen cells. Biochem J 185: 301

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Burns GF, Boyd AW, Beverley PCL (1982) Two monoclonal anti-human T lymphocyte antibodies have similar biological effects and recognise the same cell surface antigen. J Immunol 129: 1451

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Caligaris-Cappio F, Gobbi F, Bofill M, Janossy G (1982) Infrequent normal B lymphocytes express features of B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Exp Med 155: 623

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Chang TW, Kung PC, Gingras SP, Goldstein G (1981) Does OKT3 monoclonal antibody react with an antigen-recognition structure on human T cells? Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78: 1805

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Cheng H-L, Blattner FR, Fitzmaurice L, Mushinski JF, Tucker PW (1982) Structure of genes for membrane and secreted marine IgD heavy chains. Nature 296: 410

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Clark-Lewis I, Schrader JW (1981) P cell stimulating factor: Biochemical characterization of a new T cell-derived factor. J Immunol 127: 1941

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Cotmore SF, Crowhurst SA, Waterfield MD (1981) Purification of Thy-l-related glycoprotein from human brain and fibroblasts: comparisons between these molecules and murine glycoproteins carrying Thy-1.1 and Thy-1.2 antigens. Eur J. Immunol 11: 597

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Dalchau R, Fabre JW (1979) Identification and unusual tissue distribution of the canine and human homologous of Thy-1 (θ). J Exp Med 149: 576

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Davignon D, Martz E, Reynolds T, Kürzinger K, Springer TA (1981) Lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1): A surface antigen distinct from Lyt-2,3 that participates in T lymphocyte-mediated killing. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78: 4535

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Davignon D, Martz E, Reynolds T, Kurzinger K, Springer TA (1981) Monoclonal antibodies to a novel lymphocyte function-associated antigen (LFA-1): mechanism of blockade of T-lymphocyte-mediated killing and effects on other T and B lymphocyte functions. J Immunol 127: 590

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Della-Fera MA, Baile CA, Schneider BS, Grinker JA (1981) Cholecystokinin antibody injected in cerebral ventricles stimulates feeding in sheep. Science 212: 687

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Evans RL, Wall DW, Platsoucas CD, Siegal FP, Fikrig SM, Testa CM, Good RA (1981) Thymusdependent membrane antigens in man: Inhibition of cell-mediated cytolysis by monoclonal antibodies to the TH2 antigen. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78: 544

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Goding JW (to be published) Transferrin receptors on lymphocytes: structure, expression, evolution and function. Survey Immunol Res

  26. Goding JW, Burns GF (1981) Monoclonal antibody OKT-9 recognizes the receptor for transferrin on human acute lymphocytic leukemia cells. J Immunol 127: 1256

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Goding JW, Harris AW (1981) Subunit structure of cell surface proteins: disulfide bonding in antigen receptors, Ly-2/3 antigens and transferrin receptors of murine T and B lymphocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78: 4530

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Goding JW, Scott DW, Layton JE (1977) Genetics, cellular expression and function of IgD and IgM receptors. Immunol Rev 37: 152

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Goldschneider I, Gordon LK, Morris RJ (1978) Demonstration of Thy-1 antigen on pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells in the rat. J Exp Med 148: 1351

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Harrison LC, Kahn CR (1980) Autoantibodies to the insulin receptor: Clinical significance and experimental applications. Prog Clin Immunol 4: 107

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Hollander N, Pillemer E, Weissman IL (1980) Blocking effect of Lyt-2 antibodies on T cell functions. J Exp Med 152: 674

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Hollander N, Pillemer E, Weissman IL (1981) Effects of Lyt antibodies on T cell functions: Augmentation by anti-Lyt-1 as opposed to inhibition by anti-Lyt-2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78: 1148

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Howard JC, Butcher GW, Galfre G, Milstein C, Milstein CP (1979) Monoclonal antibodies as tools to analyse the serological and genetic complexities of major transplantation antigens. Immunol Rev 47: 139

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Howard M, Kessler S, Chused T, Paul WE (1981) Long-term culture of normal mouse B lymphocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78: 5788

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Jensenius JC, Crone M, Koch C (1981) The still elusive T cell receptor. On the possibilityof a common V-gene pool for B- and T-cell antigen receptor molecules. Scand J Immunol 14: 693

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Jerne NK (1974) Towards a network theory of the immune system. Ann Immunol (Paris) 125C: 373

    Google Scholar 

  37. Judd W, Poodry CA, Strominger JL (1980) Novel surface antigen expressed on dividing cells but absent from non-dividing cells. J Exp Med 152: 1430

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Kahn CR, Baird KL, Jarrett DB, Flier JS (1978) Direct demonstration that receptor cross-linking or aggregation is important in insulin action. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75: 4209

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Karin M, Mintz B (1981) Receptor-mediated endocytosis of transferrin in developmentally totipotent mouse teratocarcinoma cells. J Biol Chem 256: 3245

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Kincade PW, Lawton AR, Bockman DE, Cooper MD (1970) Suppression of immunoglobulin G synthesis as a result of antibody-mediated suppression of immunoglobulin M synthesis in chickens. Proc Natl. Acad Sci USA 67: 1918

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Kronenberg M, Davis M, Early PW, Hood LE, Watson JD (1980) Helper and killer T cells do not express B cell immunoglobulin joining and constant region segments. J Exp Med 152: 1745

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Kumagai S, Steinberg AD, Green I (1981) Antibodies to T cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus can induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against human T cells. J Clin Invest 67: 605

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Kurosawa Y, von Boehmer H, Haas W, Sakano H, Trauneker A, Tonegawa S (1981) Identification of D segments of immunoglobulin heavy-chain genes and their rearrangement in T lymphocytes. Nature 290: 565

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Kürzinger K, Ho M-K, Springer TA (1982) Structural homology of a macrophage differentiation antigen and an antigen involved in T-cell-mediated killing. Nature 296: 668

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Lanier LL, Babcock GF, Raybourne RB, Arnold LW, Warner NL, Haughton G (1980) Mechanism of B lymphoma immunotherapy with passive xenogeneic anti-idiotype serum. J Immunol 125: 1730

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Lanier LL, Warner NL, Ledbetter JA, Herzenberg LA (1981) Expression of Lyt-1 antigen on certain murine B cell lymphomas. J Exp Med 153: 998

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Layton JE, Johnson GR, Scott DW, Nossal GJV (1978) The anti-delta suppressed mouse. Eur J Immunol 8: 325

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Ledbetter JA, Herzenberg LA (1979) Xenogeneic monoclonal antibodies to mouse lymphoid differentiation antigens. Immunol Rev 47: 63

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Ledbetter JA, Rouse RV, Micklem HS, Herzenberg LA (1980) T cell subsets defined by expression of Lyt 1,2,3 and Thy-1 antigens. Two-parameter immunofluorescence and cytotoxicity analysis with monoclonal antibodies modifies current views. J Exp Med 152: 280

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Ledbetter JA, Evans RE, Lipinski M, Rundles C, Good RA, Herzenberg LA (1981) Evolutionary conservation of surface molecules that distinguish T lymphocyte helper/inducer and T cytotoxic/suppressor subpopulations in man. J Exp Med 153: 310

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Ledbetter JA, Frankel AE, Herzenberg LA, Herzenberg LA (1981) Human Len T cell differentiation antigens: quantitative expression on normal lymphoid cells and cell lines. In Hämmerling GJ, Hämmerling U, Kearney JF (eds) Monoclonal antibodies and T cell hybridomas. Elsevier, New York, p. 16

    Google Scholar 

  52. Ledbetter JA, Seaman WE, Tsu TT, Herzenberg LA (1981) Lyt-2 and Lyt-3 antigens are on two different polypeptide subunits linked by disulfide bonds. Relationship of subunits to T cell cytolytic activity. J Exp Med 153: 1503

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Manley SWW, Knight A, Adams DD (1982) The thyrotrophin receptor. Springer Semin Immunopathol 5: 413–431

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Mathieson BJ, Sharrow SO, Campbell PS, Asofsky R (1979) An Lyt differentiated subpopulation of thymocytes detected by flow microfluorometry. Nature 277: 478

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. McGrath MS, Pillemer E, Weissman IL, (1980) Murine leukaemogenesis: monoclonal antibodies to T-cell determinants arrest T lymphoma proliferation. Nature 285: 259

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. McGrath MS, Pillemer E, Kooistra D, Weissman IL (1980) The role of MuLV receptors on T lymphoma cells in lymphoma cell proliferation. Contemp Top Immunobiol 11: 157

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. McKearn TJ (1974) Anti-receptor antiserum causes specific inhibition of reactivity to rat histocompatibility antigens. Science 183: 94

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Michaelides M, Hogarth PM, McKenzie IFC (1981) The immunosuppressive effect of monoclonal anti-Lyt-1.1 antibodies in vivo. Eur J. Immunol 11: 1005

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Miller RA, Maloney DG, Warnke R, Levy R (1982). Treatment of B-cell lymphoma with monoclonal anti-idiotype antibody. N Engl J Med 306: 517

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Möller G (1978) Effects of anti-immunoglobulin sera on B lymphocyte function. Scand J Immunol 8: 469

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Nabholz M, Vives J, Young HM, Meo T, Miggiano V, Rijnbeek A, Shreffler DC (1974) Cell-mediated lysis in vitro: genetic control of killer cell production and target specificities in the mouse. Eur J Immunol 4: 835

    Google Scholar 

  62. Nakayama E, Shiku H, Stockert E, Oettgen HF, Old LJ (1979) Cytotoxic T-cells: Lyt phenotype and blocking of killing activity of Lyt antisera. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76: 1977

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Omary MB, Trowbridge IS, Minowada J (1980) Human cell-surface glycoprotein with unusual properties. Nature 286: 888

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Parker DC (1980) Induction and suppression of polyclonal antibody responses by anti-Ig reagents and antigen-nonspecific helper factors. Immunol Rev 52: 115

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Pierres M, Goridis C, Golstein P (1982) Inhibition of murine T cell-mediated cytolysis and T cell proliferation by a rat monoclonal antibody immunoprecipitating two lymphoid cell surface polypeptides of 94000 and 180000 molecular weight. Eur J Immunol 12: 60

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Pike BL, Boyd AW, Nossal GJV (1982) Clonal anergy: the universally anergic B lymphocyte. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79: 2013

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Potter M (1977) Antigen-binding myeloma proteins of mice. Adv Immunol 25: 141

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Raff MC (1970) Two distinct populations of peripheral lymphocytes in mice distinguishable by immunofluorescence. Immunology 19: 637

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Reilly EB, Auditore-Hargreaves K, Hammerling U, Gottlieb PD (1980) Lyt-2 and Lyt-3 alloantigens: precipitation with monoclonal and conventional antibodies and analysis on one- and twodimensional polyacrylamide gels. J Immunol 125: 2245

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. 70.Reinherz EL, Kung PC, Goldstein G, Schlossman SF (1979) Separation of functional subsets of human T cells by a monoclonal antibody. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76: 4061

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Sarmiento M, Loken MR, Trowbridge IS, Coffman RL, Fitch FW (1982) High molecular weight lymphocyte surface proteins are structurally related and are expressed at different times during lymphocyte maturation and differentiation. J Immunol 128: 1676

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Schimpl A, Wecker E (1975) A third signal in B cell activation given by TRF. Transplant Rev 23:176

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Schrader JW, Cunningham BA, Edelman GM (1975) Functional interactions of viral and histocompatibility antigens at tumor cell surfaces. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 72: 5066

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Sela BA, Wang JL, Edelman GM (1975) Antibodies reactive with cell surface carbohydrates. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 72: 1127

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Sephton RG, Harris AW (1981) Studies on the uptake of67Ga and59Fe and the binding of transferrin by cultured mouse tumour cells. Int J Nucl Med Biol 8: 333

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Shimizu S, Smith RT, Norcross MA, Maino VC (1982) Mechanisms controlling TCGF production by cloned sublines of EL-4 azgr in response to stimulation by anti-Thy-1 antibody. J Immunol 128: 296

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Shmohara N, Sachs DH (1979) Mouse alloantibodies capable of blocking cytotoxic T-cell function. I. Relationship between the antigen reactive with blocking antibodies and the Lyt 2 locus. J Exp Med 125:2444

    Google Scholar 

  78. Shortman K, Linthicum DS, Battye FL, Goldschneider I, Liabeuf A, Golstein P, Clark EA, Lake P (1979) Cytotoxic and fluorescent assays for thymocyte subpopulations differing in surface Thy-1 level. Cell Biophys 1: 255

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Sieckmann DG (1980) The use of anti-immunoglobulins to induce a signal for cell division in B lymphocytes via their membrane IgM and IgD. Immunol Rev 52: 181

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Spiegel S, Ravid A, Wilcheck M (1979) Involvement of gangliosides in lymphocyte stimulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76: 5277

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Sredni B, Sieckmann DG, Kumagai SH, Green I, Paul WE (1981) Long-term culture and cloning of non-transformed human B lymphocytes. J Exp Med 154: 1500

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Sugiyama K, Tomida M, Honma T, Hozumi M (1980) Expression of a cell surface glycoprotein (p. 180) related to cell-substration adhesion during differentiation of mouse myeloid leukemia cells. Cancer Res 40: 3387

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Sutherland R, Delia D, Schneider C, Newman R, Kemshead J, Greaves M (1981) Ubiquitous cell-surface glycoprotein on tumor cells is proliferation-associated receptor for transferrin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78: 4515

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Swain SL, Dennert G, Wormsley S, Dutton RW (1981) The Lyt phenotypes of a long-term allospecific T cell line. Both helper and killer activities to I-A are mediated by Ly-1 cells. Eur J Immunol 11: 181

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Trowbridge IS, Domingo D (1981) Effects on growth of human tumor cells of anti-transferrin receptor monoclonal antibody and toxin-antibody conjugates. Nature 294: 171

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Trowbridge IS, Lopez F (1982) Anti-transferrin receptor monoclonal antibody blocks transferrin binding and inhibits human tumor cell growth in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79: 1175

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Trowbridge IS, Omary MB (1981) Human cell surface glycoprotein related to cell proliferation is the receptor for transferrin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78: 3039

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. van Agthoven A, Terhorst C, Reinherz E, Schlossman S (1981) Characterization of T cell surface glycoproteins T1 and T3 present on all human peripheral T lymphocytes and functionally mature thymocytes. Eur J Immunol 11: 18

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. van Warwe JP, de Mey JR, Gosseurs JG (1980) OKT3: a monoclonal anti-human T lymphocyte antibody with potent mitogenic properties. J Immunol 121: 2708

    Google Scholar 

  90. Vitetta E, Puré E, Isakson P, Buck L, Uhr J (1980) The activation of murine B cells: the role of surface immunoglobulins. Immunol Rev 52: 211

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. von Wussow P, Platsoucas CD, Wiranowska-Stewart M, Stewart WE (1981) Humanγ interferon production by leukocytes induced with monoclonal antibodies recognizing T cells. J Immunol 127: 1197

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Wang JL, Gunther GR, Edelman GM (1976) Chemical and biological properties of dimeric concanavalin A derivatives. In: Bittiger H, Schnebli HP (eds) Concanavalin A as a tool. John Wiley, New York, p 585

    Google Scholar 

  93. Wietzerbin J, Stefanos S, Falcoff R, Lucero M, Catinot L, Falcoff E (1978) Immune interferon induced by phytohemagglutinin in nude mouse spleen cells. Infect Immun 21: 966

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Williams AF, Gagnon J (1982) Neuronal cell Thy-1 glycoprotein: homology with immunoglobulin. Science 216: 696

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Williams CA, Barna J, Schupf N (1980) Antibody to Thy-1 antigen injected into rat hypothalamus selectively inhibits carbamyl choline induced drinking. Nature 283: 82

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Young WW, Hakomori S (1981) Therapy of mouse lymphoma with monoclonal antibodies to glycolipid: selection of low antigenic variants in vivo. Science 211: 487

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Yung Y-P, Eger R, Tertian G, Moore MAS (1981) Long-term in vitro culture of murine mast cells. II. Purification of a mast cell growth factor and its dissociation from TCGF. J Immunol 127: 794

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. itron IM Clevinger BL, (1980) Regulation of murine B cells through surface immunoglobulin. I. Monoclonal anti-δ antibody that induces allotype-specific proliferation. J Exp Med 152: 1135

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville Victoria 3050, Post Office Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia

    James W. Goding

Authors
  1. James W. Goding
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Goding, J.W. Biological effects of antibodies to lymphocyte surface receptors. Springer Semin Immunopathol 5, 463–475 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01857431

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01857431

Keywords

Search

Navigation