Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Lipopolysaccharide, die Endotoxine und O-Antigene gramnegativer Bakterien: Chemische Struktur, biologische Wirkung und serologische Eigenschaften

  • Published:
Infection Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Literatur

  1. Westphal, O., Lüderitz, O., Galanos, C., Mayer, H., Rietschel, E. Th. The story of bacterial endotoxin. Adv. Immunopharmocol. In: (Chedid, L, Hadden, J. W., Ipreafico, F., Dukor, P., Willoghby, D. [eds.]) 3 (1986) pp. 13–34.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Lüderitz, O., Freudenberg, M. A., Galanos, C., Lehmann, V., Rietschel, E. Th., Shaw, D. H. Lipopolysaccharides of gram-negative bacteria. In:Razin, S., Rottem, S. (eds.): Membrane lipids of prokaryotes. Current topics in membranes and transport. Academic Press Inc., New York 1982, pp. 79–151.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Johnston, C. A., Greisman, S. E. Endotoxemia induced by antibiotic therapy: A mechanism for adrenal corticosteroid protection in gram-negative sepsis. Trans. Ass. Amer. Physcns. 97 (1984) 172–181.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Galanos, C., Lüderitz, O., Rietschel, E. Th., Westphal, O. Neweraspects of the chemistry and biology of bacterial lipopolysaccharides, with special reference to their lipid A component. In:Goodwin, T. W. (ed.): International review of biochemistry, Biochemistry of lipids II. University Park Press, Baltimore, Vol. 14, 1977, pp. 239–335.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Jann, K., Jann, B. Structure and biosynthesis of O-antigens. In:Proctor, R. A. (ed): Handbook of Endotoxin, Vol. I.Rietschel, E. Th. (ed.): Chemistry of Endotoxin. Elsevier, Amsterdam, New York, Oxford 1984, pp. 138–186.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Tacken, A., Rietschel, E. Th., Brade, H. Methylation analysis of the heptose / 3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonic acid region (inner core) of lipopolysaccharide fromSalmonella minnesota rough mutants. Carb. Res. 149 (1986) 279–291.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Rietschel, E. Th., Wollenweber, H. W., Brade, H., Zähringer, U., Lindner, B., Seydel, U., Bradaczek, H., Barnickel, G., Labischinski, H., Giesbrecht, P. Structure and conformation of the lipid A component of lipopolysaccharides. in:Proctor, R. A. (ed.) Handbook of endotoxin, Vol. 1,Rietschel, E. Th. (ed.) Chemistry of endotoxin. Elsevier, Amsterdam, New York, Oxford 1984, pp. 187–220.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Zähringer, U., Lindner, B., Seydel, U. Rietschel, E. Th., Naoki, H., Unger, F. M., Imoto, M., Kusumoto, S., Shiba, T. Structure of de-O-acylated lipopolysaccharide from theEscherichia coli Re mutant F 515. Tetrahedron Lett. 26 (1985) 6321–6324.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Westphal, O., Lüderitz, O. Chemische Erforschung von Lipopolysacchariden gramnegativer Bakterien. Angew. Chem. 66 (1954) 407–417.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Imoto, M., Yoshimura, H., Sakaguchi, N., Kusumoto, S., Shiba, T. Total synthesis ofEscherichia coli lipid A. Tetrahedron Lett. 26 (1985) 1545–1548.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Galanos, C., Lüderitz, O., Rietschel, E. Th., Westphal, O., Brade, H., Brade, L., Freudenberg, M. A., Schade, U., Imoto, M., Yoshimura, H., Kusumoto, S., Shiba, T. Synthetic and naturalEscherichia coli free lipid A express identical endotoxic activities. Eur. J. Biochem. 148 (1985) 1–5.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Kotani, S., Takada, H., Tsujimoto, M., Ogawa, T., Takahashi, I., Ideka, T., Otsuka, K., Shimanchi, H., Kasai, N., Mashimo, J., Nagao, S., Tanaka, S., Harada, K., Nagaki, K., Kitamura, H., Shiba, T., Kusumoto, S., Imoto, M., Yoshimura, H. Synthetic lipid A with endotoxic and related biological activities comparable to those of a natural lipid A from anEscherichia coli Re-mutant. Infect. Immun. 49 (1985) 225–237.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Homma, J. Y., Matsuura, M., Kanegasaki, S., Kawakubo, Y., Kojima, Y., Shibukawa, N., Kumazawa, Y., Yamamoto, A., Tanamoto, K., Yasuda, T., Imoto, M., Yoshimura, H., Kusumoto, S., Shiba, T. Structural requirements of lipid A responsible for the functions: a study with chemically synthesized lipid A and its analogues. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 98 (1985) 395–406.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Loppnow, H., Brade, L., Brade, H., Rietschel, E. Th., Kusumoto, S., Shiba, T., Flad, H.-D. Lipid A-induced production of interleukin 1 in human monocytes. Eur. J. Immunol. 16 (1986) 1263–1267.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Rietschel, E. Th., Brade, H., Brade, L., Brandenburg, K., Schade, U., Seydel, U., Zähringer, U., Galanos, C., Lüderitz, O., Westphal, O., Labischinski, H., Kusumoto, S., Shiba, T. Lipid A, the endotoxic center of bacterial lipopolysaccharide: relation of chemical structure to biological activity. In:Watson, S. (ed.): 2nd International Conference on endotoxins and Their Detection with theLimulus amebocyte lysate. Alan R. Liss Inc., New York 1986 (im Druck).

    Google Scholar 

  16. Brandenburg, K., Seydel, U. Physical aspects of structure and function of membranes made from lipopolysaccharides and free lipid A. Biochem. Biophys. Acta 775 (1984) 225–238.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Labischinski, H., Barnickel, G., Bradaczek, H., Naumann, D., Rietschel, E. Th., Giesbrecht, P. High state of order of isolated bacterial lipopolysaccharide and its possible contribution to the permeation barrier property of the outer membrane. J. Bacteriol. 162 (1985) 9–20.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Lindberg, A. A., Wollin, R., Bruse, C., Ekwall, E., Svensson, S. B.: Immunology and immunochemistry of synthetic and semisyntheticSalmonella O-antigen-specific glyco-conjugates. In:Anderson, L., Unger, F. (eds.) Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides: Structure, synthesis, biological activities. Am. Chem. Soc. Symp. Series 231, 1983, Washington D. C., pp. 195–218.

  19. van Dijk, W. C., Verbrug, H. A., van Erne-van der Tol, M. E., Peters, R., Verhoef, J. Escherichia coli antibodies in opsonistation and protection against infection. J. Med. Microbiol. 14 (1981) 381–389.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Lindberg, A. A., Greisman, S. E., Svensson, S. B. Induction of endotoxin tolerance with nonpyrogenic O-antigenic oligosaccharideprotein conjugates. Infect. Immun. 41 (1983) 888–895.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Johnston, C. A., Greisman, S. E. Mechanisms of endotoxin tolerance. In:Proctor, R. A. (ed.): Handbook of endotoxin, Vol. 2,Hinshaw, L. B. (ed.): Pathophysiology of endotoxin. Elsevier, Amsterdam, New York, Oxford 1985, pp. 359–401.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Collins, M. S., Roby, R. E. Protective activity of an intravenous immunoglobulin (human) enriched in antibody against lipopolysaccharide antigens ofPseudomonas aeruginosa. Am. J. Med. 76 (1984) 168–176.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Gaffin, S. L. Gram-negative bacteraemia: New therapeutic possibilities with anti-endotoxin antibodies. Haemet. Blood Trans. 29 (1985) 107–111.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Pennington, J. E., Pier, C. B., Small, G. J. Efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin for treatment of experimentalPseudomonas aeruginosa infection. J. Crit. Care 1 (1986) 4–12.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Brade, L., Kosma, P., Appelmelk, B. J., Paulsen, H., Brade, H.: Determination of the epitope specificity of monoclonal antibodies against the 3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonate region of bacterial lipopolysaccharide by use of synthetic antigens. Infect. Immun. 1986 (im Druck).

  26. Ziegler, E. J., Douglas, H., Sherman, J. E., Davis, C. E., Braude, A. I. Treatment ofE. coli andKlebsiella bacteremia in agranulocytic animals with antiserum to a UDP-GAL epimerasedeficient mutant. J. Immunol. 111 (1973) 433–438.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Johns, M., Skehill, A., McCabe, W. R. Immunization with rough mutants ofSalmonella minnesota IV. Protection by antisera to O and rough antigens against endotoxin. J. Inf. Dis. 147 (1983) 57–67.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Trautmann, M., Hahn, H. Antiserum againstEscherichia coli J5: A reevaluation of itsin vitro andin vivo activity against heterologous gram-negative bacteria. Infection 13 (1985) 140–145.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Siber, G. R., Kania, S. A., Warren, H. S. Cross-reactivity of rabbit antibodies to lipopolysaccharides ofEscherichia coli J5 and other gram-negative bacteria. J. Infect. Dis. 152 (1985) 954–964.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Brade, H., Galanos, C. Common lipopolysaccharide specificity: new type of antigen residing in the inner core region of S- and R- form lipopolysacharides from different families of gram-negative bacteria. Infect. Immun. 42 (1983) 250–256.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Brade, L., Brade, H. A 28,000 Dalton protein of normal mouse serum binds specifically to the inner core region of bacterial lipopoly-saccharide. Infect. Immun. 50 (1985) 687–694.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Kim, Y. B., Watson, D. W. Modification of host response to bacterial endotoxins. II. Passive transfer of immunity to bacterial endotoxin with fractions containing 19S antibodies. J. Exp. Med. 121 (1965) 751–759.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Galanos, C., Lüderitz, O., Westphal, O. Preparation and properties of antisera against the lipid A component of bacterial lipopolysaccharides. Eur. J. Biochem. 24 (1971) 116–122.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Galanos, C., Freudenberg, M. A., Jay, F., Nerkar, D., Veleva, K., Brade, H., Strittmatter, W. Immunogenic properties of lipid A. Rev. Infect Dis. 5 (1984) 546–552.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Jirillo, E., Miragliotta, G., Galanos, C., Rietschel, E. Th., Michalek, S. M., McGhee, J. R. (eds.): Endotoxin: structural aspects and immunobiology of host responsese. EOS — Riv. Immunol. Immunofarm. 6 Suppl. (1986) 1–275.

  36. Marget, W., Mar, P. J., Jaspers, L. Preliminary study on administration of high-titer lipid A antibody serum in sepsis and septic shock patients. Infection 13 (1985) 120–125.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Brade, L., Brade, H. Characterization of two different antibodies recognizing two distinct antigenic determinants in free lipid A ofEscherichia coli. Infect. Immun. 48 (1985) 569–575.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Brade, L., Rietschel, E. Th., Kusumoto, S., Shiba, T., Brade, H. Immunogenicity and antigenicity of syntheticEscherichia coli lipid A. Infect. Immun. 51 (1986) 110–114.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Kusumoto, S., Yoshimura, H., Imoto, M., Shimamoto, T., Shiba, T. Chemical synthesis of 1-dephospho derivatives ofEscherichia coli lipid A. Tetrahedron Lett. 26 (1985) 909–912.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Galanos, C., Lehmann, V., Lüderitz, O., Rietschel, E. Th., Westphal, O., Brade, H., Brade, L., Freudenberg, M. A., Hansen-Hagge, T., Lüderitz, Th., McKenzie, G., Schade, U., Strittmatter, W., Tanamoto, K., Zähringer, U., Imoto, M., Yoshimura, H., Yamamoto, M., Shimamoto, T., Kusumoto, S., Shiba, T. Endotoxic properties of chemically synthesized lipid A part structures. Comparison of synthetic lipid A precursor and synthetic analogues with biosynthetic lipid A precursor and free lipid A. Eur. J. Biochem. 140 (1984) 221–227.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Brade, L., Rietschel, E. Th., Kusumoto, S., Shiba, T., Brade, H. Immunogenicity and antigenicity of natural and syntheticEscherichia coli lipid A and derivatives thereof. In:Watson, S. W. (ed.): 2nd International Conference on Endotoxins and Their Detection with theLimulus amoebocyte lysate test. Alan R. Liss Inc., New York 1986 (im Druck).

    Google Scholar 

  42. Freudenberg, M. A., Keppler, D., Galanos, C. Requirement for lipopolysaccharide-responsive macrophages in galactosamine-induced sensitization of endotoxin. Infect. Immun. 51 (1986) 891–895.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Schade, U., Rietschel, E. Th. The role of prostaglandins in endotoxic activities. Klin. Wochenschr. 60 (1982) 743–745.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Hagman, W., Denzlinger, C., Keppler, D. Role of peptide leukotrienes and their hepatobiliary elimination in endotoxin action. Circ. Shock 14 (1984) 223–235.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Lüderitz, Th., Schade, U., Rietschel, E. Th. Formation and metabolism of leukotriene C4 in macrophages exposed to bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Eur. J. Biochem. 155 (1986) 377–382.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Beutler, B., Milsark, I. W., Cerami, A. C. Passive immunization against cachectin/tumour necrosis factor protects mice from lethal effect of endotoxin. Science 229 (1985) 869–871.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Freudenberg, M., Galanos, C. Alteration in ratsin vivo of the chemical structure of lipopolysaccharides fromSalmonella abortus equi. Eur. J. Biochem. 152 (1985) 353–359.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Munford, R. S. Deacylation of bacterial endotoxins by neutrophils and macrophages: early observations and hypotheses. Meth. and Find. Exptl. Clin. Pharmacol. 8 (1986) 63–65.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Ray, P. H., Kelsey, J. E., Bigham, E. C., Benedict, C. D., Miller, T. A.: Synthesis and use of 3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonate (KDO) inEscherichia coli. Potential sites of inhibition. In:Anderson, L., Unger, F. M. (eds.) Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides: Structure, synthesis and biological activities. Am. Chem. Soc. Symp. Series 231 (1983) Washington, D. C., pp. 141–169.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Forschungsinsitut Borstel, Institut für Experimentelle Biologie und Medizin, D-2061, Borstel

    E. Th. Rietschel &  H. Brade

Authors
  1. E. Th. Rietschel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. H. Brade
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Rietschel, E.T., Brade, H. Lipopolysaccharide, die Endotoxine und O-Antigene gramnegativer Bakterien: Chemische Struktur, biologische Wirkung und serologische Eigenschaften. Infection 15 (Suppl 2), S76–S84 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01644198

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01644198

Search

Navigation