Skip to main content
Log in

Structure and plastic deformation of polyethylene

  • Review
  • Published:
Journal of Materials Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A review is given of the structure of semi-crystalline polymers and the mechanisms of plastic deformation in them. High-density polyethylene (HDPE) is taken as the specific example because of the large number of detailed studies performed on this material. The early findings are also compared and contrasted with very recent detailed large-strain deformation studies and computer simulations of deformation-induced texture development in HDPE.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. A. Galeski, Z. Bartczak, A. S. Argon andR. E. Cohen,Macromolecules 25 (1992) 5705.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Z. Bartczak, A. S. Argon andR. E. Cohen,ibid. 25 (1992) 5036.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Idem, ibid. 25 (1992) 4692.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Idem, Polymer in press.

  5. H. H. Song, A. S. Argon andR. E. Cohen,Macromolecules 23 (1990) 870.

    Google Scholar 

  6. A. Galeski, A. S. Argon andR. E. Cohen,ibid. 24 (1991) 3953.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Idem, ibid. 24 (1991) 3945.

    Google Scholar 

  8. L. Lin andA. S. Argon,ibid. 25 (1992) 4011.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Idem, ibid. in press.

    Google Scholar 

  10. A. Bellare, R. E. Cohen andA. S. Argon,Polymer 34 (1993) 1393.

    Google Scholar 

  11. J. Rakestraw, R. E. Cohen andA. S. Argon, to be published.

  12. D. M. Parks andS. Ahzi,J. Mech. Phys. Solids 38 (1990) 701.

    Google Scholar 

  13. S. Ahzi, D. M. Parks andA. S. Argon, “Computer Modeling and Simulation of Manufacturing Processes” (ASME, New York, 1990) 20, 287.

  14. B. J. Lee, D. M. Parks andA. S. Argon,J. Mech. Phys. Solids

  15. B. M. Lee, A. S. Argon, D. M. Parks, S. Ahzi andZ. Bartczak,Polymer 34, (1993) 3555.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Proceedings of Conference on Crystallization of Polymers, Université de Mons-Hainaut, Belgium, September 1992, in press.

  17. P. H. Geil, “Polymer Single Crystals” (Interscience, New York, 1963).

    Google Scholar 

  18. A. Keller,Rep. Prog. Phys. 31 (Part II) (1968) 623.

    Google Scholar 

  19. F. Khoury andE. Passaglia, in “Treatise on Solid State Chemistry”, Vol 3, edited by N. B. Hannay (Plenum, New York, 1976) p. 335.

    Google Scholar 

  20. P. H. Till Jr,J. Polym. Sci. 24 (1957) 301.

    Google Scholar 

  21. A. Keller,Phil. Mag. 2 (1957) 1171.

    Google Scholar 

  22. E. W. Fischer,Z. Naturforsch. 12A (1957) 753.

    Google Scholar 

  23. A. Keller andA. O'Connor,Disc. Faraday Soc. 25 (1958) 114.

    Google Scholar 

  24. F. Khoury andL. H. Bolz, in “38th Annual Proceedings of the Electron Microscopy Society of America”, San Francisco, California, edited by G. W. Baily (Claitors, Baton Rouge, 1980) p. 242.

    Google Scholar 

  25. D. H. Reneker andP. H. Geil,J. Appl. Phys. 31 (1960) 1916.

    Google Scholar 

  26. P. H. Lindenmeyer,J. Polym. Sci. C 1 (1963) 5.

    Google Scholar 

  27. H. Gleiter andJ. Petermann,J. Polym. Sci. B 10 (1972) 877.

    Google Scholar 

  28. W. D. Niegisch andP. R. Swan,J. Appl. Phys. 31 (1960) 1906.

    Google Scholar 

  29. D. C. Bassett andA. Keller,Phil. Mag. 6 (1961) 345.

    Google Scholar 

  30. S. J. Organ andA. Keller,J. Mater. Sci. 20 (1985) 1571.

    Google Scholar 

  31. T. Kawai andA. Keller,Phil. Mag. 11 (1965) 1165.

    Google Scholar 

  32. H. D. Keith,J. Appl. Phys. 35 (1964) 3115.

    Google Scholar 

  33. D. J. Blundell andA. Keller,J. Macromol. Sci-Phys. B2 (1968) 337.

    Google Scholar 

  34. D. C. Bassett, F. C. Frank andA. Keller,Nature 184 (1959) 810.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Idem, Phil. Mag. 8 (1963) 1739.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Idem, ibid. 8 (1963) 1753.

    Google Scholar 

  37. A. Keller,Kolloid-Z. Z. Polym. 197 (1964) 98.

    Google Scholar 

  38. H. D. Keith andF. J. Padden Jr,J. Polym. Sci. 39 (1959) 101.

    Google Scholar 

  39. A. Keller,ibid. 39 (1959) 151.

    Google Scholar 

  40. P. H. Lindenmeyer andV. F. Holland,J. Appl. Phys. 35 (1964) 55.

    Google Scholar 

  41. A. Keller,Nature 169 (1952) 913.

    Google Scholar 

  42. H. D. Keith andF. J. Padden Jr,J. Polym. Sci. 41 (1959) 525.

    Google Scholar 

  43. J. E. Breedon, J. F. Jackson, M. J. Marcinkowski, andM. E. Taylar Jr,J. Mater. Sci. 8 (1973) 1071.

    Google Scholar 

  44. P. H. Geil,J. Polym. Sci. C 13 (1966) 149.

    Google Scholar 

  45. R. P. Palmer andA. J. Cobbold,Makromol. Chem. 74 (1964) 174.

    Google Scholar 

  46. A. Keller andS. Sawada,ibid. 74 (1964) 190.

    Google Scholar 

  47. A. Keller,J. Polym. Sci. 17 (1955) 351.

    Google Scholar 

  48. D. C. Bassett andA. M. Hodge,Proc. Roy. Soc. A377 (1981) 25.

    Google Scholar 

  49. D. C. Bassett, A. M. Hodge andR. H. Olley,ibid. A377 (1981) 39.

    Google Scholar 

  50. M. I. Bank andS. Krimm,J. Polym. Sci. A-2 7 (1969) 1785.

    Google Scholar 

  51. R. J. Young andP. B. Bowden,J. Mater. Sci. 8 (1973) 1177.

    Google Scholar 

  52. P. Allan andM. Bevis,Phil Mag. 41 (1980) 555.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Y. Kikuchi andS. Krimm, in “Plastic Deformation of Polymers”, edited by A. Peterlin (M. Dekker, New York, 1971) p. 7.

    Google Scholar 

  54. F. Rybnikar,J. Polym. Sci. 44 (1960) 517.

    Google Scholar 

  55. A. Peterlin,J. Appl. Phys. 35 (1964) 75.

    Google Scholar 

  56. J. M. Schultz andR. D. Scott,J. Polym. Sci. A-2 7 (1969) 659.

    Google Scholar 

  57. A. Sharples, “Introduction to Polymer Crystallization” (Arnold, London, 1966).

    Google Scholar 

  58. T. W. Huseby andH. E. Bair,J. Appl. Phys. 39 (1968) 4969.

    Google Scholar 

  59. R. G. Brown andR. K. Eby,ibid. 35 (1964) 1156.

    Google Scholar 

  60. J. D. Hoffman, G. T. Davis andJ. I. Lauritzen, in “Treatise on Solid State Chemistry”, Vol 3, edited by N. B. Hannay (Plenum, New York, 1976) p. 497.

    Google Scholar 

  61. J. D. Hoffman andJ. J. Weeks,J. Chem. Phys. 42 (1965) 4301.

    Google Scholar 

  62. J. Martinez-Salazar, P. J. Barham andA. Keller,J. Mater. Sci. 20 (1985) 1616.

    Google Scholar 

  63. P. J. Barham, D. A. Jarvis andA. Keller,J. Polym. Sci. A-2 20 (1982) 1733.

    Google Scholar 

  64. S. J. Organ andA. Keller,J. Mater. Sci. 20 (1985) 1602.

    Google Scholar 

  65. P. J. Barham, R. A. Chivers, A. Keller, J. Martinez-Salazar andS. J. Organ,ibid. 20 (1985) 1625.

    Google Scholar 

  66. E. W. Fischer andG. F. Schmidt,Angew. Chem. 74 (1962) 551.

    Google Scholar 

  67. D. C. Bassett andA. Keller,J. Polym. Sci. 40 (1959) 565.

    Google Scholar 

  68. S. J. Organ andA. Keller,J. Mater. Sci. 20 (1985) 1586.

    Google Scholar 

  69. D. C. Bassett, A. Keller andS. Mitsuhashi,J. Polym. Sci. A 1 (1963) 763.

    Google Scholar 

  70. B. Wunderlich andT. Arakawa,ibid. 2 (1964) 3697.

    Google Scholar 

  71. P. H. Geil, F. R. Anderson, B. Wunderlich andT. Arakawa,ibid. 2 (1964) 3703.

    Google Scholar 

  72. T. Hatakeyama, H. Kanetsuna andT. Hashimoto,J. Macromol. Sci.-Phys. B7 (1973) 411.

    Google Scholar 

  73. R. H. Olley andD. C. Bassett,J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed. 15 (1977) 1011.

    Google Scholar 

  74. D. C. Bassett andB. Turner,Phil. Mag. 29 (1974) 925.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Idem, Nature, Phys. Sci. 240 (1972) 146.

    Google Scholar 

  76. M. Yasuniwa, C. Nakafuku andT. Takemura,Polym. J. 4 (1973) 526.

    Google Scholar 

  77. D. C. Bassett, S. Block andG. J. Piermarini,J. Appl. Phys. 45 (1974) 4146.

    Google Scholar 

  78. K. Takamizawa, H. Hasegawa andY. Urabe,Polym. Prepr. Jpn 27 (1978) 493.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Y. Maeda andH. Kanetsuna,J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed. 12 (1974) 2551.

    Google Scholar 

  80. Idem, ibid. 14 (1976) 2057.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Y. Maeda, H. Kanetsuna, K. Tagashira andT. Takemura,ibid. 19 (1981) 1313.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Y. Maeda, H. Kanetsuna, K. Nagata, K. Matsushige andT. Takemura,ibid. 19 (1981) 1325.

    Google Scholar 

  83. R. A. Fava,J. Polym. Sci. D: Macromol. Rev. 5 (1971) 1.

    Google Scholar 

  84. A. Keller,Kolloid-Z. Z. Polym. 231 (1969) 386.

    Google Scholar 

  85. A. Peterlin,J. Macromol. Sci.-Phys. B3 (1969) 19.

    Google Scholar 

  86. P. J. Flory,J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 84 (1962) 2857.

    Google Scholar 

  87. E. W. Fischer andR. Lorenz,Kolloid-Z. Z. Polym. 189 (1963) 97.

    Google Scholar 

  88. M. Stamm, E. W. Fisher, M. Dettenmaier andP. Convert,Faraday Disc. Chem. Soc. 68 (1979) 263.

    Google Scholar 

  89. L. Mandelkern,Acc. Chem. Res. 9 (1976) 81.

    Google Scholar 

  90. Idem,,J. Polym. Sci. C 50 (1975) 457.

    Google Scholar 

  91. F. C. Frank andP. J. Flory, in “Growth and Perfection of Crystals”, edited by R. H. Doremus, B. W. Roberts and D. Turnbull (Wiley, New York, 1958) p. 529.

    Google Scholar 

  92. F. C. Frank,Faraday Disc. 68 (1979) 7.

    Google Scholar 

  93. C. M. Guttman, E. A. Dimarzio andJ. D. Hoffman,Polymer 22 (1981) 1466.

    Google Scholar 

  94. P. H. Lindenmeyer,J. Polym. Sci. C 20 (1967) 145.

    Google Scholar 

  95. A. Keller andD. J. Priest,J. Macromol. Sci.-Phys. B2 (1968) 479.

    Google Scholar 

  96. D. E. Witenhafer andJ. L. Koeing,J. Polym. Sci. A-2 7 (1969) 1279.

    Google Scholar 

  97. M. I. Bank andS. Krimm,J. Appl. Phys. 40 (1969) 4248.

    Google Scholar 

  98. A. J. Kovacs, A. Gonthier andC. Straupe,J. Polym. Sci. C 50 (1975) 283.

    Google Scholar 

  99. E. N. Dalal andP. J. Phillips,Macromolecules 17 (1984) 248.

    Google Scholar 

  100. D. C. Bassett, “Principles of Polymer Morphology” (Cambridge University Press, London, 1981).

    Google Scholar 

  101. F. C. Frank andM. Tosi,Proc. Roy. Soc. A263 (1961) 323.

    Google Scholar 

  102. J. I. Lauritzen Jr andE. Passaglia,J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stds 71A (1967) 261.

    Google Scholar 

  103. A. Keller, E. Martuscelli, D. J. Priest andY. Udagawa,J. Polym. Sci. A-2 9 (1971) 1807.

    Google Scholar 

  104. A. Keller, in “Macromolecular Science”, Vol.8, edited by C. E. H. Bawn (Butterworths, London, 1972) p. 105.

    Google Scholar 

  105. M. Tasumi andS. Krimm,J. Polym. Sci. A-2 6 (1968) 995.

    Google Scholar 

  106. M. I. Bank andS. Krimm,J. Polym. Sci. B 8 (1970) 143.

    Google Scholar 

  107. S. Krimm andT. C. Cheam,Faraday Disc. 68 (1979) 244.

    Google Scholar 

  108. X. Jing andS. Krimm,J. Polym. Sci. B 21 (1983) 123.

    Google Scholar 

  109. P. J. Flory andD. Y. Yoon,Nature 272 (1978) 226.

    Google Scholar 

  110. J. Klein andR. Ball,Faraday Disc. 68 (1979) 198.

    Google Scholar 

  111. E. A. Dimarzio, C. M. Guttman andJ. D. Hoffman,ibid. 68 (1978) 210.

    Google Scholar 

  112. P. G. Degennes,J. Chem. Phys. 55 (1971) 572.

    Google Scholar 

  113. J. Schelten, D. G. H. Ballard, G. D. Wignall, G. Longman andW. Schmatz,Polymer 17 (1976) 751.

    Google Scholar 

  114. J. S. Higgins andR. S. Stein,J. Appl. Crystallogr. 11 (1978) 346.

    Google Scholar 

  115. R. Ullman,Ann. Rev. Mater. Sci. 10 (1980) 261.

    Google Scholar 

  116. L. H. Sperling,Polym. Eng. Sci. 24 (1984) 1.

    Google Scholar 

  117. D. M. Sadler andA. Keller,Polymer 17 (1976) 37.

    Google Scholar 

  118. Idem, Macromolecules 10 (1977) 1128.

    Google Scholar 

  119. Idem, Science 203 (1979) 263.

    Google Scholar 

  120. D. Y. Yoon andP. J. Flory,Polymer 18 (1977) 509.

    Google Scholar 

  121. D. Y. Yoon,J. Appl. Crystallogr. 11 (1978) 531.

    Google Scholar 

  122. D. Y. Yoon andP. J. Flory,Faraday Disc. 68 (1979) 288.

    Google Scholar 

  123. J. Schelten, G. D. Wignall andD. G. H. Ballard,Polymer 15 (1974) 682.

    Google Scholar 

  124. C. M. Guttman, J. D. Hoffman andE. A. Dimarzio,Faraday Disc. 68 (1979) 297 and general discussion remarks of C. M. Guttman, p. 457.

    Google Scholar 

  125. H. D. Keith, F. J. Padden Jr andR. G. Vadimsky,J. Polym. Sci. A-2 4 (1966) 267.

    Google Scholar 

  126. Idem, J. Appl. Phys. 42 (1971) 4585.

    Google Scholar 

  127. H. A. Davis,J. Polym. Sci. A-2 4 (1966) 1009.

    Google Scholar 

  128. E. S. Clark,Soc. Plast. Eng. J. 23(7) (1967) 46.

    Google Scholar 

  129. Y. Hase andP. H. Geil,Polym. J. 2 (1971) 560.

    Google Scholar 

  130. F. Rybnikar andP. H. Geil,J. Macromol. Sci.-Phys. B7 (1973) 1.

    Google Scholar 

  131. A. Mehta andB. Wunderlich,Makromol. Chem. 175 (1974) 977.

    Google Scholar 

  132. G. Meinel, A. Peterlin andK. Sakaoku, in “Analytical Calorimetry”, edited by R. S. Porter and J. F. Johnson, (Plenum, New York, 1968) p. 15.

    Google Scholar 

  133. A. Peterlin,J. Polym. Sci. A-2 7 (1969) 1151.

    Google Scholar 

  134. C. P. Buckley, R. W. Gray andN. G. Mccrum,J. Polym. Sci. B 7 (1969) 835.

    Google Scholar 

  135. E. W. Fischer, H. Godder andW. Piesczek,J. Polym. Sci. C 32 (1971) 149.

    Google Scholar 

  136. E. W. Fischer, K. Hahn, J. Kufler, U. Struth andR. Born,J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed. 22 (1984) 1491.

    Google Scholar 

  137. S. Nagou andK. Azuma,J. Macromol. Sci.-Phys. B16 (1979) 435.

    Google Scholar 

  138. H. H. Kausch andK. L. Devries,Int. J. Fract. 11 (1975) 727.

    Google Scholar 

  139. K. Itoyama,J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed. 19 (1981) 1873.

    Google Scholar 

  140. R. Popli andD. Roylance,Polymer. Eng. Sci. 25 (1985) 828.

    Google Scholar 

  141. R. Hosemann,J. Appl. Phys. 34 (1963) 25.

    Google Scholar 

  142. B. Wunderlich,Polymer 5 (1964) 125.

    Google Scholar 

  143. D. J. Bacon andN. A. Geary,J. Mater. Sci. 18 (1983) 853.

    Google Scholar 

  144. N. A. Geary andD. J. Bacon,ibid. 18 (1983) 864.

    Google Scholar 

  145. D. J. Bacon andK. Tharmalingam,ibid. 18 (1983) 884.

    Google Scholar 

  146. A. W. Thornton andP. Predecki,J. Appl. Phys. 41 (1970) 4266.

    Google Scholar 

  147. E. Piorkowska andA. Galeski,J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed. 23 (1985) 1723.

    Google Scholar 

  148. A. Galeski,ibid. 19 (1981) 721.

    Google Scholar 

  149. P. B. Bowden andR. J. Young,J. Mater. Sci. 9 (1974) 2034.

    Google Scholar 

  150. J. M. Haudin, in “Plastic Deformation of Amorphous and Semi-crystalline Materials”, edited by B. Escaig and C. G'Sell (es éditions de Physique, Les Uas, France, 1982) p. 291.

    Google Scholar 

  151. P. H. Geil,J. Polym. Sci. A 2 (1964) 3818.

    Google Scholar 

  152. A. Peterlin,J. Mater. Sci. 6 (1971) 490.

    Google Scholar 

  153. H. H. Kausch, in “Advances in Polymer Science and Engineering”, edited by K. A. Pae (Plenum, New York, 1972) p. 207.

    Google Scholar 

  154. B. W. Cherry andP. L. Mcginley,Appl. Polym. Symp. 17 (1971) 59.

    Google Scholar 

  155. A. W. Agar, F. C. Frank andA. Keller,Phil. Mag. 4 (1959) 32.

    Google Scholar 

  156. V. F. Holland,J. Appl. Phys. 35 (1964) 3235.

    Google Scholar 

  157. D. C. Bassett,Phil. Mag. 10 (1964) 595.

    Google Scholar 

  158. M. L. Williams,Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 155 (1969) 539.

    Google Scholar 

  159. J. Petermann andH. Gleiter,Phil. Mag. 25 (1972) 813.

    Google Scholar 

  160. J. Petermann andR. M. Gohil,Polymer 20 (1979) 596.

    Google Scholar 

  161. F. C. Frank, A. Keller andA. O'Connor,Phil. Mag. 3 (1958) 64.

    Google Scholar 

  162. H. D. Keith andE. Passaglia,J. Res. Nat. Bur Stds 68A (1964) 513.

    Google Scholar 

  163. P. Predecki andW. O. Statton,Appl. Polym. Symp. 6 (1967) 165.

    Google Scholar 

  164. L. G. Shadrake andF. Guiu,Phil. Mag. 34 (1976) 565.

    Google Scholar 

  165. Idem, ibid. 39 (1979) 785.

    Google Scholar 

  166. A. Keller andJ. G. Rider,J. Mater. Sci. 1 (1966) 389.

    Google Scholar 

  167. T. Hinton andJ. G. Rider,J. Appl. Phys. 39 (1968) 4932.

    Google Scholar 

  168. L. A. Simpson andT. Hinton,J. Mater. Sci. 6 (1971) 558.

    Google Scholar 

  169. R. J. Young, P. B. Bowden, J. M. Ritchie andJ. G. Rider,ibid. 8 (1973) 23.

    Google Scholar 

  170. C. A. Coulomb,Mem. Math. Phys. 7 (1773) 343.

    Google Scholar 

  171. A. S. Argon, R. D. Andrew, J. A. Godrick andW. J. Whilney,J. Appl. Phys. 39 (1968) 1899.

    Google Scholar 

  172. R. A. Duckett, S. Rabinowitz andI. M. Ward,J. Mater. Sci. 5 (1970) 909.

    Google Scholar 

  173. P. B. Bowden andJ. A. Jukes,ibid. 7 (1972) 52.

    Google Scholar 

  174. L. Lin, PhD thesis, MIT (1991).

  175. U. F. Kocks, A. S. Argon andM. F. Ashby, “Progress in Materials Science” Vol. 19, edited by B. Chalmers, J. W. Christian and T. B. Massaloki (Pergamon, Oxford, 1975) 110.

    Google Scholar 

  176. H. Kiho, A. Peterlin andP. H. Geil,J. Polym. Sci. B3 (1965) 257.

    Google Scholar 

  177. I. L. Hay andA. Keller,Kolloid-Z. Z. Polym. 204 (1965) 43.

    Google Scholar 

  178. D. P. Pope andA. Keller,J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Phys. Ed. 13 (1975) 533.

    Google Scholar 

  179. A. Keller andD. P. Pope,J. Mater. Sci. 6 (1971) 453.

    Google Scholar 

  180. I. L. Hay andA. Keller,ibid. 2 (1967) 538.

    Google Scholar 

  181. Idem, ibid. 1 (1966) 41.

    Google Scholar 

  182. J. J. Point, G. A. Homes, D. Gezovich andA. Keller,ibid. 4 (1969) 908.

    Google Scholar 

  183. D. P. Pope andA. Keller,ibid. 9 (1974) 920.

    Google Scholar 

  184. Idem, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed. 14 (1976) 821.

    Google Scholar 

  185. Idem, J. Mater. Sci. 12 (1977) 1105.

    Google Scholar 

  186. Z. H. Stachurski andI. M. Ward,J. Macromol. Sci.-Phys. B3 (1969) 445.

    Google Scholar 

  187. H. Gleiter andA. S. Argon,Phil. Mag. 24 (1971) 71.

    Google Scholar 

  188. A. Cowking andJ. G. Rider,J. Mater. Sci. 4 (1969) 1051.

    Google Scholar 

  189. F. C. Frank, A. Keller andA. O'Connor,Phil. Mag. 4 (1959) 200.

    Google Scholar 

  190. D. Shinozabi andG. W. Groves,J. Mater. Sci. 8 (1973) 1012.

    Google Scholar 

  191. J. J. Point, M. Dosiere, M. Gilliot andA. Goffin-Gerin,ibid. 6 (1971) 479.

    Google Scholar 

  192. S. G. Burnay, M. D. D. Aere andG. W. Groves,ibid. 13 (1978) 639.

    Google Scholar 

  193. T. Hinton, J. G. Riger andL. A. Simpson,ibid. 9 (1974) 1331.

    Google Scholar 

  194. D. A. Zaukelies,J. Appl. Phys. 33 (1962) 2797.

    Google Scholar 

  195. Y. Tajima,J. Appl. Phys. Jpn. 12 (1973) 40.

    Google Scholar 

  196. K. Shigematsu, K. Imada andM. Takayanagi,J. Polym. Sci. A-2 13 (1975) 73.

    Google Scholar 

  197. G. E. Attenburrow andD. C. Bassett,J. Mater. Sci. 14 (1979) 2679.

    Google Scholar 

  198. W. L. Wu, V. F. Holland andW. B. Black,ibid. 14 (1979) 250.

    Google Scholar 

  199. R. E. Robertson,J. Polym. Sci. A-2 7 (1969) 1315.

    Google Scholar 

  200. W. Rose andCh. Meurer,J. Mater. Sci. 16 (1981) 883.

    Google Scholar 

  201. N. A. Pertsev andV. I. Vladimirov,J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 1 (1982) 135.

    Google Scholar 

  202. S. J. Deteresa, R. S. Porter andR. J. Farris,J. Mater. Sci. 20 (1985) 1645.

    Google Scholar 

  203. F. C. Frank andA. N. Stroh,Proc. Phys. Soc. B 65 (1952) 811.

    Google Scholar 

  204. A. S. Argon, in “Treatise of Material Science and Technology”, edited by H. Herman (Academic, New York, 1972) p. 79.

    Google Scholar 

  205. T. Oda, S. Nomura andH. Kawai,J. Polym. Sci. A 3 (1965) 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  206. D. Lewis, E. J. Wheeler, W. F. Maddams andJ. E. Preedy,J. Polym. Sci. A-2 10 (1972) 369.

    Google Scholar 

  207. P. Predecki andW. O. Statton,J. Appl. Phys. 37 (1966) 4053.

    Google Scholar 

  208. Idem, ibid. 38 (1967) 4140.

    Google Scholar 

  209. J. M. Peterson,ibid. 37 (1966) 4047.

    Google Scholar 

  210. R. J. Young,Phil. Mag. 30 (1974) 85.

    Google Scholar 

  211. J. G. Rider andK. M. Watkinson,Polymer 19 (1978) 645.

    Google Scholar 

  212. W. P. Leung, F. C. Chen, C. L. Choy, A. Richardson andI. M. Ward,ibid. 25 (1984) 447.

    Google Scholar 

  213. C. L. Choy andW. P. Leung,J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Phys. Ed. 23 (1985) 1759.

    Google Scholar 

  214. H. Conrad,Mater. Sci. Eng. 6 (1970) 265.

    Google Scholar 

  215. W. Wu, A. S. Argon andA. P. L. Turner,J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed. 10 (1972) 2379.

    Google Scholar 

  216. M. Bevis andE. B. Crellin,Polymer 12 (1971) 666.

    Google Scholar 

  217. B. A. Bilby andA. G. Crocker,Proc. Roy. Soc. A288 (1965) 240.

    Google Scholar 

  218. M. Bevis andA. G. Crocker,ibid. A313 (1969) 509.

    Google Scholar 

  219. A. F. Acton, M. Bevis, A. G. Crocker andN. D. H. Ross,ibid. A320 (1970) 101.

    Google Scholar 

  220. P. Allan, E. B. Crellin andM. Bevis,Phil. Mag. 27 (1973) 127.

    Google Scholar 

  221. R. J. Young andP. B. Bowden,ibid. 29 (1974) 1061.

    Google Scholar 

  222. H. Kiho, A. Peterlin andP. H. Geil,J. Appl. Phys. 35 (1964) 1599.

    Google Scholar 

  223. I. L. Hay andA. Keller,J. Polym. Sci. C 30 (1970) 289.

    Google Scholar 

  224. T. Seto, T. Hara andK. Tanaka,J. Appl. Phys. Jpn 7 (1968) 31.

    Google Scholar 

  225. F. C. Frank, V. B. Gupta andI. M. Ward,Phil. Mag. 21 (1970) 1127.

    Google Scholar 

  226. D. Lewis, E. J. Wheeler, W. F. Maddams andJ. E. Preedy,J. Appl. Crystallogr 4 (1971) 55.

    Google Scholar 

  227. J. R. White,J. Mater. Sci. 9 (1974) 1860.

    Google Scholar 

  228. J. E. Preedy andE. J. Wheeler,ibid. 12 (1977) 810.

    Google Scholar 

  229. P. Allan andM. Bevis,Phil. Mag. 35 (1977) 405.

    Google Scholar 

  230. K. Tanaka, T. Seto andT. Hara,J. Phys. Soc. Jpn 17 (1962) 873.

    Google Scholar 

  231. R. H. Pierce Jr,J. P. Tordella andW. M. D. Bryant,J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 74 (1952) 282.

    Google Scholar 

  232. G. Natta,Makromol. Chem. 16 (1955) 213.

    Google Scholar 

  233. E. R. Walter andF. P. Reding,J. Polym. Sci. 21 (1956) 557.

    Google Scholar 

  234. W. R. Slichter,ibid. 21 (1956) 141.

    Google Scholar 

  235. P. W. Teare andD. R. Holmes,ibid. 24 (1957) 496.

    Google Scholar 

  236. A. Turner-Jones,ibid. 62 (1962) S53.

    Google Scholar 

  237. Y. Kikuchi andS. Krimm,J. Macromol. Sci.-Phys. B4 (1970) 461.

    Google Scholar 

  238. J. Steidl andZ. Pelzbauer,J. Polym. Sci. C 38 (1972) 345.

    Google Scholar 

  239. H. Kiho, A. Peterlin andP. H. Geil,J. Polym. Sci. B3 (1965) 157.

    Google Scholar 

  240. Idem, ibid. 3 (1965) 263.

    Google Scholar 

  241. A. Cowking, J. G. Rider, I. L. Hay andA. Keller,J. Mater. Sci. 3 (1968) 646.

    Google Scholar 

  242. K. Kobayashi andT. Nagasawa,J. Polym. Sci. C 15 (1966) 163.

    Google Scholar 

  243. P. Predecki andA. W. Thornton,J. Appl. Phys. 41 (1970) 4342.

    Google Scholar 

  244. R. G. C. Arridge,J. Mater. Sci. 9 (1974) 155.

    Google Scholar 

  245. M. Yamada, K. Miyasaka andK. Ishikawa,J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed. 9 (1976) 1083.

    Google Scholar 

  246. R. G. Quynn andH. Brody,J. Macromol. Sci.-Phys. B5 (1971) 721.

    Google Scholar 

  247. V. S. Kuksenko andA. I. Slutsker,Sov. Phys.-Solid State 10 (1968) 657.

    Google Scholar 

  248. W. E. Kaufman andJ. M. Schultz,J. Mater. Sci. 8 (1973) 41.

    Google Scholar 

  249. J. Patermann andJ. M. Schultz,ibid. 13 (1978) 50.

    Google Scholar 

  250. A. J. Owen andI. M. Ward,ibid. 6 (1971) 485.

    Google Scholar 

  251. E. S. Clark,J. Macromol. Sci. B4 (1970) 499.

    Google Scholar 

  252. R. G. Quynn andH. Brody,J. Macromol. Sci.-Phys. B5 (1971) 721.

    Google Scholar 

  253. B. Cayrol andJ. Petermann,J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed. 12 (1974) 2169.

    Google Scholar 

  254. E. S. Clark, in “Structure and Properties of Polymer Films”, edited by R. W. Leuz and R. S. Stein (Plenum, New York, 1973) p. 267.

    Google Scholar 

  255. G. W. Groves andP. B. Hirsch,J. Mater. Sci. 4 (1969) 929.

    Google Scholar 

  256. T. Tagawa,J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed. 18 (1980) 971.

    Google Scholar 

  257. J. M. Peterson andP. H. Lindenmeyer,J. Appl. Phys. 37 (1966) 4051.

    Google Scholar 

  258. R. S. Stein, S. Onogi, K. Sasaguri andD. A. Keedy ibid. 34 (1963) 80.

    Google Scholar 

  259. K. Sasaguri, S. Hoshino andR. S. Stein,ibid. 35 (1964) 47.

    Google Scholar 

  260. A. Peterlin andG. Meinel,Makromol. Chem. y142 (1971) 227.

    Google Scholar 

  261. E. Weynant, J. M. Haudin andC. G. Śell,J. Mater. Sci. 15 (1980) 2677.

    Google Scholar 

  262. T. T. Wang,J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed. 12 (1974) 145.

    Google Scholar 

  263. J. R. Dryden, A. S. Deakin andD. M. Shinozaki,J. Mech. Phys. Solids. 34 (1986) 81.

    Google Scholar 

  264. A. Galeski, A. S. Argon andR. E. Cohen,Macromolecules 21 (1988) 2761.

    Google Scholar 

  265. T. Oda, N. Sakaguchi andH. Kawai,J. Polym. Sci. C 15 (1966) 223.

    Google Scholar 

  266. B. H. McConkey, M. W. Darlington, D. W. Saunders andC. G. Cannon,J. Mater. Sci. 6 (1971) 572.

    Google Scholar 

  267. Z. W. Wilchinsky,Polymer 5 (1964) 271.

    Google Scholar 

  268. R. Yang andR. S. Stein,J. Polym. Sci. A-2 5 (1967) 939.

    Google Scholar 

  269. K. Sasaguri, R. Yamada andR. S. Stein,J. Appl. Phys. 35 (1964) 3188.

    Google Scholar 

  270. T. Oda, N. Sakaguchi andH. Kawai,J. Polym. Sci. C 15 (1966) 223.

    Google Scholar 

  271. R. S. Moore,J. Polym. Sci. A-2 5 (1967) 711.

    Google Scholar 

  272. S. Nomura, A. Asanuma, S. Suehiro andH. Kawai,ibid. 9 (1971) 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  273. S. Nomura, M. Matsuo andH. Kawai,ibid. 10 (1972) 2489.

    Google Scholar 

  274. D. Y. Yoon, C. Chang andR. S. Stein,ibid. 12 (1974) 2091.

    Google Scholar 

  275. M. Matsuo, K. Hirota, K. Fujita andH. Kawai,Macromolecules 11 (1978) 1000.

    Google Scholar 

  276. M. Matsuo, T. Ogita, S. Suehiro, T. Yamada andH. Kawai,ibid. 11 (1978) 521.

    Google Scholar 

  277. M. Matsuo,J. Chem. Phys. 72 (1980) 899.

    Google Scholar 

  278. R. J. Asaro,Acta Metall. 23 (1975) 1255.

    Google Scholar 

  279. G. Meinel andA. Peterlin,J. Polym. Sci. A-2 9 (1971) 67.

    Google Scholar 

  280. C. G'Sell andJ. J. Jonas,J. Mater. Sci. 14 (1979) 583.

    Google Scholar 

  281. Idem, ibid. 16 (1981) 1956.

    Google Scholar 

  282. I. M. Ward, “Mechanical Properties of Solid Polymers”, (Wiley-Interscience, London 1975) p. 275.

    Google Scholar 

  283. C. M. Sargent andD. M. Shinozaki,Scripta Metall 11 (1977) 401.

    Google Scholar 

  284. N. Ibrahim, D. M. Shinozaki andC. M. Sargent,Mater. Sci. Eng. 30 (1979) 175.

    Google Scholar 

  285. D. M. Shinozaki andC. M. Sargent,ibid. 35 (1978) 213.

    Google Scholar 

  286. C. M. Sargent andD. M. Shinozaki,ibid. 43 (1980) 125.

    Google Scholar 

  287. J. Dryden, C. M. Sargent andD. M. Shinozaki,ibid. 68 (1984) 73.

    Google Scholar 

  288. D. M. Shinozaki andC. M. Sargent,J. Mater. Sci. 15 (1980) 1054.

    Google Scholar 

  289. D. M. Shinozaki, C. M. Sargent andS. Fehr,Mater. Sci. Eng. 51 (1981) 93.

    Google Scholar 

  290. D. M. Shinozaki andC. M. Sargent,ibid. 73 (1985) 77.

    Google Scholar 

  291. J. C. M. Li,Canad. J. Phys. 45 (1967) 493.

    Google Scholar 

  292. D. J. Lloyd andJ. D. Embury,Met. Sci. J. 4 (1970) 6.

    Google Scholar 

  293. A. A. Solomon, C. N. Ahquist andW. D. Nix,Scripta Metall. 4 (1970) 231.

    Google Scholar 

  294. A. S. Argon,Phil. Mag. 28 (1973) 839.

    Google Scholar 

  295. R. N. Haward andG. Thackray,Proc. Roy. Soc. A302 (1968) 453.

    Google Scholar 

  296. M. E. Boyce, D. M. Parks andA. S. Argon,Mech. Mater. 7 (1988) 15.

    Google Scholar 

  297. J. M. Peterson,Polym. Sci. B 7 (1969) 231.

    Google Scholar 

  298. T. K. Chaki andJ. C. M. Li,J. Appl. Phys. 56 (1984) 2392.

    Google Scholar 

  299. E. M. Arruda andM. Boyce,J. Mech. Phys. Solids 41 (1993) 389.

    Google Scholar 

  300. L. A. Davis andC. A. Pampillo,J. Appl. Phys. 42 (1971) 4659.

    Google Scholar 

  301. C. A. Pampillo andL. A. Davis,ibid. 43 (1972) 4277.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Lin, L., Argon, A.S. Structure and plastic deformation of polyethylene. J Mater Sci 29, 294–323 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01162485

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01162485

Keywords

Navigation