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Electron microscope studies of cerebral swelling

III. Alterations in the Neuroglia and the blood vessels of the white matter

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Summary

Oligodendrocytes react early in developing cerebral edema and display swollen mitochondria and distended endoplasmic reticulum. The outer nuclear membrane may show rather striking evagination. These pathological alterations correspond to the hydropic swelling described by light microscopists in their studies of cerebral edema.

Likewise, the astrocytic changes described as “clasmatodendrosis” or “ameboid glia” have their counterpart in the electron microscope picture. In the latter instance dense bodies in the cytoplasmic expansions of the astrocytes may be of a lysosome nature and may represent participation in the transportation and disposal of metabolic substances.

Distension of the extracellular spaces in the white matter in the late stages of compression edema is clearly demonstrated and is in striking contrast to its relative absence in the cerebral cortex.

Macrophages, after engulfing myelin detritus, make their way into the vessel lumen.

Zusammenfassung

Die Oligodendrocyten reagieren während der Entwicklung eines Hirnödems frühzeitig und zeigen geschwollene Mitochondrien und erweitertes endoplasmatisches Reticulum. Die äußere Kernmembran kann auffallende Ausstülpungen aufweisen. Diese pathologischen Veränderungen entsprechen der beim Studium des Hirnödems lichtmikroskopisch gefundenen hydropischen Schwellung.

Auch die als “Klasmatodendrose” oder “amöboide Glia” beschriebenen Astrocytenveränderungen besitzen ihr Gegenstück im elektronmikroskopischen Bild. In letzterem Fall dürften die “dense bodies” im erweiterten Cytoplasma der Astrocyten lysosomaler Natur sein und ihre Teilnahme am Transport und an der Verteilung von Stoffwechselprodukten erkennen lassen. Die Erweiterung des Extracellularraumes der Marksubstanz im Spätstadium des Kompressionsödems ist deutlich nachweisbar und steht in auffälligem Gegensatz zu seinem relativen Fehlen in der Rinde. Die mit Markzerfallsprodukten beladenen Makrophagen dringen in das Gefäßlumen ein.

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With 11 Figures in the Text

Aided by Grants from the Douglas Smith Foundation, the Simms Research Foundation, and the Junior Auxiliary of the University of Chicago Cancer Research Foundation.

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Tani, E., Evans, J.P. Electron microscope studies of cerebral swelling. Acta Neuropathol 4, 624–639 (1965). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00691213

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00691213

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