Abstract
Fatty acids of twelve strains of budding bacteria (Planctomyces and Pirellula spp.), which have atypical 16S rRNA and do not contain peptidoglycan cell walls, were shown to contain typical diacyl polar lipids with no indication of isoprenoid ether lipids suggestive of a relationship with the archaebacteria. The major ester-linked fatty acids of the phospholipids were palmitic, palmitoleic and oleic acids, which are more typical of microeukaryotes than of eubacteria. Lipopolysaccharide lipid A (LPS) was detected; it contained major proportions of long chain normal 3-OH fatty acids (3-OH eicosanoic at 23% and 17% of the total in two strains of Planctomyces, and 3-OH octadecanoic at 18%, and 3-OH palmitic at 11% of the total in one strain of Pirellula). Major portions of long chain 3-OH fatty acids in the LPS are extremely unusual and provide another atypical property of these organisms. Each strain investigated showed a specific total fatty acid composition, reflecting the diversity in 16S rRNA nucleotide catalogues.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bauld J, Staley JT (1976) Planctomyces maris sp. nov.: a marine isolate of the Planctomyces-Blastocaulis group of budding bacteria. J Gen Microbiol 97:45–55
Bligh EG, Dyer WJ (1959) A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Can J Biochem Physiol 37:911–917
Dowling NJE, Widdel F, White DC (1986) Phospholipid ester-linked fatty acid biomarkers of acetate-oxidizing sulphate-reducers and other sulphide-forming bacteria. J Gen Microbiol 132:1815–1825
Dunkelblum E, Tan SH, Silk PJ (1985) Double-bond location in monounsaturated fatty acids by dimethyl disulfide derivatization and mass spectrometry. J Chem Ecol 11:265–277
Famurewa O, Sonntag HG, Hirsch P (1983) Avirulence of 27 bacteria that are budding, prosthecate, or both. Int J Syst Bacteriol 33:565–572
Franzmann PD, Skerman VBD (1984) Gemmata obscuriglobus a new genus and species of the budding bacteria. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek J Microbiol Serol 50:261–268
Gebers R, Wehmeyer U, Roggentin T, Schlesner H, Kölbel-Boelke J, Hirsch P (1985) Deoxyribonucleic acid base compositions and nucleotide distributions of 65 strains of budding bacteria. Int J Syst Bacteriol 35:260–269
Giovannoni SJ, Schabtach E, Castenholz RW (1987) Isosphaera pallida, gen. and comb. nov., a gliding, budding eubacterium from hot springs. Arch Microbiol 147:276–284
Goossens H, Rijpstra WIR, Duren RR, de Leeuw JW, Schenck PA (1985) Bacterial contribution to sedimentary organic matter; a comparative study of lipid moieties in bacteria and recent sediments. Adv Organic Geochem 10:683–696
Guckert JB, Antworth CP, Nichols PD, White DC (1985) Phospholipid, ester-linked fatty acid profiles as reproducible assays for changes in prokaryotic community structure of estuarine sediments. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 31:147–158
Guckert JB, Hood MA, White DC (1986) Phospholipid ester-linked fatty acid profile changes during nutrient deprivation of Vibrio cholerae: increases in the trans/cis ratio and proportions of clycopropyl fatty acids. Appl Environ Microbiol 52:794–801
Hirsch P (1974) Budding bacteria. Ann Rev Microbiol 28:391–444
Hirsch P, Rades-Rohkohl E (1983a) Microbial diversity in a groundwater aquifer in Northern Germany. Dev Industr Microbiol 24:183–200
Hirsch P, Rades-Rohkohl E (1983b) Die Zusammensetzung der natürlichen Grundwasser-Mikroflora und Untersuchungen über ihre Wechselbeziehungen mit Fäkalbakterien. DVGW Schriftenr Wasser 35:59–80
Hirsch P, Müller M (1985) Planctomyces limnophilus sp. nov., a stalked and budding bacterium from freshwater. Syst Appl Microbiol 6:276–280
Hirsch P, Müller M (1986) Methods and sources for the enrichment and isolation of budding, nonprosthecate bacteria from freshwater. Microbiol Ecol 12:331–341
Kerger BD, Nichols PD, Sand W, Bock E, White DC (1987) Association of acid producing Thiobacilli with degradation of concrete: analysis by “signature” fatty acids from the polar lipids and lipopolysaccharide. J Ind Microbiol 2 (in press)
Kölbel-Boelke J, Gebers R, Hirsch P (1985) Genome size determinations for 33 strains of budding bacteria. Int J Syst Bacteriol 35:270–273
König H, Schlesner H, Hirsch P (1984) Cell wall studies on budding bacteria of the Planctomyces/Pasteuria group and on a Prosthecomicrobium sp. Arch Microbiol 138:200–205
Kroppenstedt RM, Kutzner HJ (1978) Biochemical taxonomy of some problem actinomycetes. Zbl Bakt Microbiol Hyg, I. suppl 6:125–133
Langworthy TA (1982) Lipids of Thermoplasma. Meth Enzymol 88:396–406
Langworthy TA, Tornebene TG, Holzer G (1982) Lipids of archaebacteria. Zbl Bakt Hyg I. Abt Orig C3:228–244
Liesack W, König H, Schlesner H, Hirsch P (1986) Chemical composition of the peptidoglycan-free cell envelopes of budding bacteria of the Pirella/Planctomyces group. Arch Microbiol 145:361–366
Nichols PD, Guckert JG, White DC (1986) Determination of monounsaturated fatty acid double-bond position and geometry for microbial monocultures and complex consortia by capillary GC-MS of their dimethyl disulphide adducts. J Microbiol Meth 5:49–55
Parker JH, Smith GA, Fredrickson HL, Vestal JR, White DC (1982) Sensitive assay, based on hydroxy fatty acids from lipopolysaccharide lipid A, for Gram-negative bacteria in sediments. Appl Environm Microbiol 44:1170–1177
Rothe B, Fischer A, Hirsch P, Stittig M, Stackebrandt E (1987) The phylogenetic position of the budding bacteria Blastobacter aggregatus and Gemmobacter aquatilis gen. nov., sp. nov. Arch Microbiol 147:92–99
Saddler JN, Wardlaw AC (1980) Extraction, distribution, and biodegradation of bacterial lipopolysaccharides in estuarine sediments. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek J Microbiol Serol 46:27–39
Schlesner H (1983) Isolierung und Beschreibung knospender und prosthekater Bakterien aus der Kieler Förde. Ph. D. Thesis, Univ of Kiel (FRG), 200 pp
Schlesner H (1986) Pirella marina sp. nov., a budding, peptidoglycan-less bacterium from brackish water. Syst Appl Microbiol 8:177–180
Schlesner H, Hirsch P (1984) Assignment of ATCC 27377 to Pirella gen. nov. as Pirella staleyi comb. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 34:492–495
Schlesner H, Hirsch P (1987) Rejection of the genus name Pirella Schlesner and Hirsch (1984) for pear-shaped budding bacteria and proposal to create the genus Pirellula gen. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 37:441
Schlesner H, Stackebrandt E (1986) Assignment of the genera Planctomyces and Pirella to a new family Planctomycetaceae fam. nov., and a new order Planctomycetales ord. nov. Syst Appl Microbiol 8:174–176
Stackebrandt E, Ludwig W, Schubert W, Klink F, Schlesner H, Roggentin T, Hirsch P (1984) Molecular genetic evidence for early evolutionary origin of budding peptidoglycan-less eubacteria. Nature 307:735–737
Stackebrandt E, Fischer A, Hirsch P, Roggentin T, Schlesner H (1986) The phylogeny of an ancient group of budding peptidoglycan-less eubacteria: the genera Planctomyces and Pirella. Endocyt Cell Res 3:29–40
Staley JT (1973) Budding bacteria of the Pasteuria-Blastobacter group. Can J Microbiol 19:606–614
Wilkinson SG (1977) Composition and structure of bacterial lipopolysaccharides. In: Sutherland E (ed) Surface carbohydrates of the prokaryotic cells, vol I, chap 4. Academic Press, New York, pp 97–175
Woese CR, Stackebrandt E, Macke TJ, Fox GE (1985) A phylogenetic definition of the major eubacterial taxa. Syst Appl Microbiol 6:143–151
Woese CR (1987) Bacteriol evolution. Microbiol Rev 51:221–271
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kerger, B.D., Mancuso, C.A., Nichols, P.D. et al. The budding bacteria, Pirellula and Planctomyces, with atypical 16S rRNA and absence of peptidoglycan, show eubacterial phospholipids and uniquely high proportions of long chain beta-hydroxy fatty acids in the lipopolysaccharide lipid A. Arch. Microbiol. 149, 255–260 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00422014
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00422014