Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) protoplasts have been obtained which divide rapidly and produce a callus that differentiates to form somatic embryos. The somatic embryos can be induced to form roots and small leaf-like structures. The genotype was the hybrid A188xBlack Mexican Sweet. Protoplasts were prepared from an embryogenic suspension culture derived from a Type II callus which had been selected from Type I callus produced by immature zygotic embryos. The basal medium for the suspension culture was N6 (C.C. Chu et al., 1975, Scientia Sinica 18, 659–668). The 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid concentration of the suspension culture was critical for subsequent protoplast growth and was optimal at 4.0 mg.l. Protoplasts had to be cultured in a low-osmoticum medium (0.3 M mannitol) for subsequent cell divisions to occur. The protoplasts have been transformed transiently with the gene chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) containing the 35S promoter obtained from cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV-35S).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- FDA:
-
fluorescein diacetate
- ABA:
-
abscisic acid
- 2,4-D:
-
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
References
Abdullah, R., Cocking, E.C., Thompson, J.A. (1986) Efficient plant regeneration from rice protoplasts through somatic embryogenesis. Biotechnology 4, 1087–1090
Armstrong, C.L., Green C.E. (1985) Establishment and maintenance of friable, embryogenic maize callus and the involvement of L-proline. Planta 164, 207–214
Chourey, P.S., Zurawski, D.B. (1981) Callus formation from protoplasts of a maize cell culture. Theor. Appl. Genet. 59, 341–344
Chu, C.C., Wang, C.C., Sun, C.S., Hus, C., Yin, K.C., Chu, C.Y. (1975) Establishment of an efficient medium for anther culture of rice through comparative experiments on the nitrogen sources. Sci. Sin. 18, 659–668
Fromm, M., Taylor, L.P., Walbot, V. (1985) Expression of genes transferred into monocot and dicot plant cells by electroporation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82, 5824–5828
Fromm, M.E., Taylor, L.P., Walbot, V. (1986) Stable transformation of maize after gene transfer by electroporation. Nature 319, 791–793
Galbraith, D.W. (1981) Microfluorimetric quantitation of cellulose biosynthesis by plant protoplasts using calcofluor white. Physiol. Plant. 53, 111–116
Gorman, C.M., Moffat, L.F., Howard, B.H. (1982) Recombinant genomes which express chloramphenicol acetyltransferase in mammalian cells. Mol. Cell Biol. 2, 1044–1051
Green, C.E., Armstrong, C.L., Anderson, P.C. (1983) Somatic cell genetic systems in corn. In: Advances in Gene Technology, vol. 20, Miami Winter Symp., pp. 147–157, Downey, K., Voellmy, R., Ahmad, F., Schultz, J., eds. Academic Press, New York
Hodges, T.K., Kamo, K.K., Imbrie, C.W., Becwar, M.R. (1986) Genotype specificity of somatic embryogenesis and regeneration in maize. Biotechnology 4, 219–223
Imbrie-Milligan, C.W., Hodges, T.K. (1986) Microcallus formation from maize protoplasts prepared from embryogenic callus. Planta 168, 395–401
Imbrie-Milligan, C.W., Kamo, K.K., Hodges, T.K. (1987) Microcallus growth from maize protoplasts. Planta 171, 58–64
Kamo, K.K., Hodges, T.K. (1986) Establishment and characterization of embryogenic maize callus and cell suspension cultures. Plant Sci. 45, 111–117
Kuang, V.D., Shamina, Z.B., Butenko, R.G. (1984) Use of nurse tissue culture to obtain clones from cultured cells and protoplasts of corn. Sov. Plant Physiol. 30, 613–620
Ludwig, S.R., Somers, D.A., Petersen, W.L., Pohlman, R.F., Zarowitz, M.A., Gengenbach, B.G., Messing, J. (1985) High frequency callus formation from maize protoplasts. Theor. Appl. Genet. 71, 344–350
Maniatis, T., Fritsch, E.F., Sambrook, J. (1982) Molecular cloning. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., USA
McCain, J.W., Hodges, T.K. (1987) Anatomy of somatic embryos from maize embryo cultures. Bot. Gaz. 147, 453–460
Murashige, T., Skoog, F. (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497
Potrykus, I., Harms, C.T., Lorz, H., Thomas, E. (1977) Callus formation from stem protoplasts of corn. Mol. Gen. Genet. 156, 347–350
Potrykus, I., Harms, C.T., Lorz, H. (1979) Callus formation from cell culture protoplasts of corn (Zea mays L.) Theor. Appl. Genet. 54, 209–214
White, P.R. (1954) The cultivation of animal and plant cells. Ronald Press, New York
Widholm, J.M. (1972) The use of fluorescein diacetate and phenosafranine for determining viability of cultured plant cells. Stain Technol. 47, 189–194
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kamo, K.K., Chang, K.L., Lynn, M.E. et al. Embryogenic callus formation from maize protoplasts. Planta 172, 245–251 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00394594
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00394594