Summary
The number of loci corresponding to each of 34 unique, random cDNA clones has been determined for the diploid plant species Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato) (2n=24). Fifty-three percent of the clones are homologous to loci represented only once in the tomato chromosomes. Thirty-two percent of the clones correspond to two genetically independent loci. The remaining clones belong to gene families represented by 3–5 loci. To determine the number of gene copies per locus, reconstruction experiments were performed on six of the single locus clones. The majority of these loci were estimated to contain only 1 or 2 copies of the gene. These results support the concept that the majority of structural genes in this diploid plant species are arranged in single loci and present in low copy number. Multigene families, such as those for the small subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase, chlorophyll a/b binding polypeptide and actin are exceptions to this rule.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Appels R, Gerlach WL, Dennis ES, Swift H, Peacock WJ (1980) Molecular and chromosomal organization of DNA sequences coding for the ribosomal RNAs in cereals. Chromosoma 78:293–311
Bernatzky R, Tanksley SD (1986) Genetics of actin-related sequences in tomato. Theor Appl Genet, in press
Birnboim HC, Doly J (1979) A rapid alkaline extraction procedure for screening recombinant plasmid DNA. Nucl Acids Res 7:1513
Bown D, Levasseur M, Croy BRD, Boulter D, Gatehouse JA (1985) Sequence of a pseudogene in the legumin gene family of pea (Pisum sativum L.). Nucl Acids Res 13:4527–4538
Brown JWS, Ersland DR, Hall TC (1982) Molecular aspects of storage protein synthesis during seed development. In: Khan AA (ed) The physiology and biochemistry of seed development: dormancy and germination. Elsevier Biomedical Press, Amsterdam
Coruzzi GR, Broglie R, Cashmore A, Chua NH (1983) Nucleotide sequences of two pea cDNA clones encoding the small subunit of ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase and the major chlorophyll a/b binding thylakoid polypeptide. J Biol Chem 258:1399–1402
Dagert M, Erlich SD (1979) Prolonged incubation in calcium chloride improves the competence of Escherichia coli cells. Gene 6:23
Dennis ES, Gerlach WL, Pryor AJ, Bennetzen JL, Inglis A, Llewellyn D, Sachs MM, Ferl RJ, Peacock WJ (1984) Molecular analysis of the alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh1) gene of maize. Nucl Acids Res 12:3983–4000
Dennis ES, Sachs MM, Gerlach WL, Finnegan EJ, Peacock WJ (1985) Molecular analysis of the alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (Adh2) gene of maize. Nucl Acids Res 13:727–743
Domoney C, Casey R (1985) Measurement of gene number for seed storage proteins in Pisum. Nucl Acids Res 13:687–699
Dunsmuir P (1985) The petunia chlorophyll a/b binding protein genes: a comparison of Cab genes from different gene families. Nucl Acids Res 13:2503–2518
Dunsmuir PS, Smith S, Bedbrook JA (1983a) A number of different nuclear genes for the small subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase are transcribed in Petunia. Nucl Acids Res 11:4177–4183
Dunsmuir PS, Smith SM, Bedbrook J (1983b) The major chlorophyll a/b binding protein of petunia is composed of several polypeptides encoded by a number of distinct nuclear genes. J Mol Appl Genet 2:285–300
Galbraith DW, Harkins KR, Maddox JM, Ayres NM, Sharma DP, Firoozabady E (1983) Rapid flow cytrometric analysis of the cell cycle in intact plant tissues. Science 220:1049–1051
Goldberg RB, Hoschek G, Kamalay JC (1978) Sequence complexity of nuclear and polysomal RNA in leaves of the tobacco plant. Cell 14:123–131
Goldberg RB, Hoschek G, Tam SH, Ditta GS, Breidenbach RW (1981) Abundance, diversity, and regulation of mRNA sequence sets in soybean embryogenesis. Dev Biol 83:201–217
Gottlieb LD (1982) Conservation and duplication of isozymes in plants. Science 216:373
Hall TC, Slightom JL, Ersland DR, Scharf P, Barker RF, Murray MG, Brown JWS, Kemp JD (1983) The phaseolin family of seed protein genes: sequences and properties. In: Advances in gene technology: molecular genetics of plants and animals. Academic Press, New York
Hightower RC, Meagher RB (1985) Divergence and differential expression of soybean actin genes. EMBO 4:1–8
Jackson and Larkin (1976) Influence of ionic strength, pH, and chelation of divalent metals on isolation of polyribosomes from tobacco leaves. Plant Physiol 57:5–10
Kamalay J, Goldberg RB (1980) Regulation of structural gene expression in tobacco. Cell 19:935–946
Mandel M, Higa A (1970) Calcium dependent bacteriophage DNA infection. J Mol Biol 53:154
Maniatis T, Fritsch EF, Sambrook J (1982) Molecular cloning. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York
Messing J, Geraghty D, heidecker G, Hu N, Kridl J, Rubenstein I (1983) Plant gene structure. In: Kosuge T, Meredity CP, Hollaender A (eds) Genetic engineering of plants. Plenum Press, New York
Murray MG, Thompson WF (1980) Rapid isolation of high molecular weight plant DNA. Nucl Acids Res 8:4321–4325
Murray MG, Hoffman LM, Jarvis NP (1983) Improved yield of full-length phasxeolin cDNA clones by controlling premature anticomplementary DNA synthesis. Plant Mol Biol 2:75–84
Pichersky ER, Bernatzky R, Tanksley SD, Breidenbach RW, Kausch AP, Cashmore AR (1985) Molecular characterization and genetic mapping of two clusters of genes encoding chlorophyll a/b binding proteins in Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato). Gene, in press
Rigby PW, Dieckmann JM, Thodes C, Berg P (1977) Labeling deoxyribonucleic acid to high specific activity in vitro by nick translation with DNA polymerase I. J Mol Biol 113:237–251
Rivin C (1986) Analyzing genome variation in plants. Meth Enzymol 118:75–85
Shah DM, Hightower RC, Meagher RB (1982) Complete nucleotide sequence of a soybean actin gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79:1022–1026
Shah DM, Hightower RC, Meagher RB (1983) Genes encoding actin in higher plants: Intron positions are highly conserved but the coding sequences are not. J Mol Appl Genet 2:111–126
Southern EM (1975) Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by electrophoresis. J Mol Biol 98:503–517
Tabata T, Saski K, Iwabuchi M (1983) The structural organization and DNA sequence of a wheat histone H4 gene. Nucl Acids Res 11:5865–5876
Thompson WF, Everett M, Polans NO, Jorgensen RA (1983) Phytachrome control of RNA levels in developing pea and mungbean leaves. Planta 158:487–500
Vallejos CE, Tanksley SD, Bernatzky R (1986) Localization in the tomato genome of DNA restriction fragments containing sequences homologous to the rRNA (45s), the major chlorophyll a/b binding polypeptide and the ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase genes. Genetics, in press
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by R.B. Goldberg
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bernatzky, R., Tanksley, S.D. Majority of random cDNA clones correspond to single loci in the tomato genome. Mol Gen Genet 203, 8–14 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00330377
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00330377