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Myotonia not aggravated by cooling

Force and relaxation of the adductor pollicis in normal subjects and in myotonia as compared to paramyotonia

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Summary

The effect of local cooling has been studied in 27 normal subjects, 8 cases of myotonia congenita, 5 of myotonic dystrophy and one of paramyotonia. Using the adductor pollicis we registered the compound muscle action potential, the isometric twitch force and the time to half relaxation, the maximum tetanic force and the time to 3/4 relaxation.

1. In normal subjects the twitch force and maximum tetanic force decreased after cooling (Fig. 2). The amplitude of the action potential increased.

2. Myotonia congenita and myotonic dystrophy were not aggravated by cooling. Muscle force was reduced only in the same proportion as in normal subjects (Fig. 2). The myotonic after-contraction was made normal by cooling (Figs. 5 and 6).

3. In paramyotonia initial tonic stiffness with a pronouncedly prolonged twitch relaxation occured directly after cooling (Fig. 1 B). Paradoxical myotonia occured only after exercise and was accompanied by increasing paresis (Figs. 3 and 8).

The results indicate that exposure to cold has a specific effect on muscle function only in paramyotonia.

Zusammenfassung

Der Einfluß lokaler Muskelkühlung wurde an 27 Kontrollpersonen, 8 Patienten mit Myotonia congenita, 5 mit myotoner Dystrophie und 1 mit Paramyotonie untersucht. Wir registrierten am Adductor pollicis das Summenaktionspotential, die isometrische Muskelzuckung und die Zeit bis zur halben Erschlaffung, die maximale tetanische Muskelkontraktion und die Zeit bis zur 3/4-Erschlaffung.

1. Bei den Kontrollpersonen wurde die Kraft der Einzelzuckung und die maximale Kraft nach Kühlung geringer (Abb. 2). Die Amplitude des Aktionspotentials wurde größer.

2. Myotonia congenita und myotone Dystrophie wurden durch Kühlung nicht verschlechtert. Die Muskelkraft verringerte sich in gleichem Maße wie bei den Kontrollen (Abb. 2). Die myotone Nachkontraktion wurde durch Kühlung normalisiert (Abb. 5 und 6).

3. Bei der Paramyotonie fand sich unmittelbar nach Kühlung eine tonische Muskelsteife mit erheblich verlängerter Erschlaffung bei Einzelzuckung (Abb. 1 B). Eine paradoxe Myotonie trat erst nach Muskelarbeit auf, begleitet von einer zunehmenden Parese (Abb. 3 und 8).

Die Befunde zeigen, daß nur bei Paramyotonie Kühlung eine spezifische Auswirkung auf die Muskelfunktion hat.

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Ricker, K., Hertel, G., Langscheid, K. et al. Myotonia not aggravated by cooling. J. Neurol 216, 9–20 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00312810

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