Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The role of endogenous auxin in root initiation

Part II. Sensitivity, and evidence from studies on transgenic plant tissues

  • Published:
Plant Growth Regulation Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper is the second part of a review which considers evidence for the involvement of auxin in root initiation. Part II examines the research being carried out with transformed plant tissues. Agrobacterium rhizogenes causes abundant root initiation at the site of inoculation. Ri plasmid T-DNA contains several genes which encode enzymes involved in the biosynthesis and metabolism of indole-3-acetic acid. Transfer of various fragments of the Ri plasmid has also been reported to confer increased sensitivity to auxin upon plant cells. Controlled expression of these genes in the plant genome potentially offer an insight for developmental plant physiologists into the role of plant growth substances in the process of root initiation. The importance of absolute levels of IAA in the stimulation of root initiation is discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Akiyoshi DE, Klee H, Amasino RM, Nester EW and Gordon MP (1984) T-DNA of Agrobacterium tumefaciens encodes an enzyme of cytokinin biosynthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81: 5994–5998

    Google Scholar 

  2. Akiyoshi DE, Morris RO, Hinz R, Mischke BS, Kosuge T, Garfinkel DJ, Gordon MP and Nester EW (1983) Cytokinin/auxin balance in crown gall tumors is regulated by specific loci in the T-DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80: 407–411

    Google Scholar 

  3. Bandurski RS (dy1980) Homeostatic control of concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid. In: Skoog F (eded) Plant Growth Substances 1979, pp. 37–49. Springer Verlag

  4. Barbier-Brygoo H, Guern J, Ephritikhine G, Shen WH, Maurel C and Klämbt D (1990) The sensitivity of plant protoplasts to auxin: modulation of receptors at the plasmalemma. In: Lamb C and Beachy R (eds) Plant Gene Transfer, UCLA Symposium on Molecular and Cellular Biology, New Series, pp. 165–173. Liss, New York

    Google Scholar 

  5. Blakesley D, Hall JF, Weston GD and Elliott MC (1985) Endogenous plant growth substances and the rooting of Phaseolus aureus cuttings. In: Abs 12th Int Conf Plant Growth Subs, pp. 86. Heidelberg

  6. Blakesley D, Weston GD and Elliott MC (1991a) Endogenous levels of indole-3-acetic acid and abscisic acid during the rooting of Cotinus coggygria cuttings taken at different times of the year. Plant Growth Reg 10: 1–12

    Google Scholar 

  7. Blakesley D, Weston GD and Hall JF (1991b) The role of endogenous auxin in root initiation Part I: Evidence from studies on auxin application, and analysis of endogenous levels. Plant Growth Reg 10: 341–353

    Google Scholar 

  8. Bollmark M, Kubat B and Eliasson E (1988) Variation in endogenous cytokinin content during adventitious root formation in pea cuttings. J Plant Physiol 132: 262–265

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Buchmann I, Marner FJ, Schröder G, Waffenschmidt S and Schröder J (1985) Tumor genes in plants; T-DNA encoded cytokinin biosynthesis. EMBO J 4: 853–859

    Google Scholar 

  10. Capone I, Cardarelli M, Trovato M and Costantino P (1989) Upstream non-coding region which confers polar expression to Ri plasmid root inducing rolB. Mol Gen Genet 216: 239–244

    Google Scholar 

  11. Cardarelli M, Mariotti D, Pomponi M, Spanò L, Capone I and Costantino P (1987a) Agrobacterium rhizogenes T-DNA genes capable of inducing hairy root phenotype. Mol Gen Genet 209: 475–480

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Cardarelli M, Spano L, Marriotti D, Mauro ML, Van Sluys MA and Costantino P (1987b) The role of auxin in hairy root induction. Mol Gen Genet 208: 457–463

    Google Scholar 

  13. Cardarelli M, Spanò L, De Paolis A, Mauro ML, Vitali G and Costantino P (1985) Identification of the genetic locus responsible for non-polar root induction by Agrobacterium rhizogenes 1855. Plant Mol Biol 5: 385–391

    Google Scholar 

  14. Cohen JD and Bandurski RS (1982) Chemistry and physiology of the bound auxins. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 33: 403–430

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Estruch JJ, Chriqui D, Grossmann K, Schell J and Spena A (1991a) The plant oncogene rolC is responsible for the release of cytokinins from glucoside conjugates. EMBO J 10:2889–2895

    Google Scholar 

  16. Estruch JJ, Parets-Soler A, Schmülling T, and Spena A (1991b) Cytosolic localization in transgenic plants of the rolC peptide from Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Plant Mol Biol 17:547–550

    Google Scholar 

  17. Estruch JJ, Schell J and Spena A (1991c) The protein encoded by the rolB plant oncogene hydrolyses indole glucosides. EMBO J 10: 3125–3128

    Google Scholar 

  18. Garfinkel DJ, Simpson RB, Ream LW, White FF, Gordon MP and Nester EW (1981) Genetic analysis of crown gall: Fine structure map of the T-DNA by site directed mutagenesis. Cell 27: 143–153

    Google Scholar 

  19. Gartland KMA, McInnes E, Hall JF, Mulligan BJ, Morgan AJ, Elliott MC and Davey MR (1991) Effects of Ri plasmid rol gene expression on the IAA content of transformed roots of Solanum dulcamara L. Plant Growth Reg 10: 235–241

    Google Scholar 

  20. Gaspar T, Moncousin C and Greppin H (1990) The place and role of exogenous and endogenous auxin in adventitious root formation. In: Millet B and Greppin H (eds) Intracellular Communications in Plants, pp. 125–140. INRA, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  21. Huffman GA, White FF, Gordon MP and Nester EW (1984) Hairy- root-inducing plasmid: physical map and homology to tumor-inducing plasmids. J Bacteriol 157: 269–276

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Jouanin L (1984) Restriction map of an agropine-type Ri plasmid and its homologies with Ti plasmids. Plasmid 12: 91–102

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Jouanin L, Guerche P, Pamboukdjian N, Tourneur C, Casse Delbart F and Tourneur J (1987) Structure of T-DNA in plants regenerated from roots transformed by Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain A4. Mol Gen Genet 206: 387–392

    Google Scholar 

  24. Kutacek M and Rovenska J (1991) Auxin synthesis in Agrobacterium tumefaciens and A. tumefaciens-transformed plant tissue. Plant Growth Reg 10: 315–327

    Google Scholar 

  25. Lahners K, Byrne MC and Chilton M-D (1984) T-DNA fragments of hairy root plasmid pRi8196 are distantly related to octopine and nopaline Ti plasmid T-DNA. Plasmid 11: 130–140

    Google Scholar 

  26. Maurel C, Barbier-Brygoo H, Brevet J, Spena A, Tempé J and Guern J (1991) Agrobacterium rhizogenes T-DNA genes and sensitivity of plant protoplasts to auxins. In: Hennecke H and Verma DPS (eds) Advances in Molecular Genetics of Plant-Microbe Interactions Vol 1, pp. 343–351

  27. Maurel C, Brevet J, Barbier-Brygoo H, Guern J and Tempé J (1990) Auxin regulates the promoter of the root-inducing rolB gene of Agrobacterium rhizogenes on transgenic tobacco. Mol Gen Genet 223: 58–64

    Google Scholar 

  28. Nordström AC and Eliasson L (1991) Levels of endogenous indole-3-acetic acid and indole-3-acetylaspartic acid during adventitious root formation in pea cuttings. Physiol Plant 82:599–605

    Google Scholar 

  29. Offringa IA, Melchers LS, Regensburg-Tuink AJG, Costantino P, Schilperoort RA and Hooykaas PJJ (1986) Complementation of Agrobacterium tumefaciens tumor-inducing aux mutants by genes from the TR-region of the Ri plasmid of Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83: 6935–6939

    Google Scholar 

  30. Ooms G, Hooykaas PJJ, Moolenaar G and Schilperoort RA (1981) Crown gall plant tumors of abnormal morphology, induced by Agrobacterium tumefaciens carrying mutated octopine Ti plasmids: analysis of T-DNA functions. Gene 14: 33–50

    Google Scholar 

  31. Ryder MH, Tate ME and Kerr A (1985) Virulence properties of strains of Agrobacterium on the apical and basal surfaces of carrot root discs. Plant Physiol 77: 215–221

    Google Scholar 

  32. Schmülling T, Schell J and Spena A (1988) Single genes from Agrobacterium rhizogenes influence plant development. EMBO J 7: 2621–2629

    Google Scholar 

  33. Schröder G, Waffenschmidt S, Weiler EW and Schröder J (1984) The T-region of Ti plasmids codes for an enzyme synthesizing indole-3-acetic acid. Eur J Biochem 138: 387–391

    Google Scholar 

  34. Shen WH, Davioud E, David C, Barbier-Brygoo H, Tempé J and Guern J (1990) High sensitivity to auxin is a common feature of hairy root. Plant Physiol 94: 554–560

    Google Scholar 

  35. Shen WH, Petit A, Guern J and Tempé J (1988) Hairy roots are more sensitive to auxin than normal roots. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85: 3417–3421

    Google Scholar 

  36. Skoog F and Miller CO (1957) Chemical regulation of growth and organ formation in plant tissues cultured in vitro. Symp Soc Exp Biol 11: 118–131

    Google Scholar 

  37. Slightom JL, Durand-Tardiff M, Jouanin L and Tepfer D (1986) Nucleotide sequence analysis of TL-DNA of Agrobacterium rhizogenes agropine type plasmid. J Biol Chem 261: 108–121

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Spena A, Schmülling T, Koncz C and Schell JS (1987) Independent and synergistic activity of rolA, B and C loci in stimulating abnormal growth in plants. EMBO J 6: 3891–3899

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Tepfer D (1984) Transformation of several species of higher plants by Agrobacterium rhizogenes: sexual transmission of the transformed genotype and phenotype. Cell 37: 959–967

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Thomashow MF, Hugly S, Buchholz WG and Thomashow LS (1968) Molecular basis for the auxin-independent phenotype of crown gall tumor tissues. Science 231: 616–618

    Google Scholar 

  41. Thomashow LS, Reeves S and Thomashow MF (1984) Crown gall oncogenesis: Evidence that a T-DNA gene from Agrobacterium Ti plasmid pTiA6 encodes an enzyme that catalyses synthesis of indoleacetic acid. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81: 5071–5075

    Google Scholar 

  42. Trewavas AJ (1981) How do plant growth substances work? I. Plant, Cell and Env 4: 203–228

    Google Scholar 

  43. Trewavas AJ (1991) How do plant growth substances work? II. Plant, Cell and Env 14: 1–12

    Google Scholar 

  44. Van Onckelen H, Rudelsheim P, Inze D, Follin A, Messens E, Horemans S, Schell J, Van Montagu M and De Greef J (1985) Tobacco plants transformed with the Agrobacterium T-DNA gene 1 contain high amounts of indole-3-acetamide. FEBS Lett 181: 373–377

    Google Scholar 

  45. Vilaine F and Casse-Delbart F (1987) Independent induction of transformed roots by the TL and TR regions of the Ri plasmid of agropine type Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Mol Gen Genet 206: 17–23

    Google Scholar 

  46. White FF, Taylor BH, Huffman GA, Gordon MP and Nester EW (1985) Molecular and genetic analysis of the transferred DNA regions of the root-inducing plasmid of Agrobacterium rhizogenes. J Bacteriol 164: 33–44

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Willmitzer L, Sanchez-Serrano J, Buschfeld E and Schell J (1982) DNA from Agrobacterium rhizogenes is transferred to and expressed in axenic hairy root plant tissues. Mol Gen Genet 186: 16–22

    Google Scholar 

  48. Yamada T, Palm CJ, Brooks B and Kosuge T (1985) Nucleotide sequences of the Pseudomonas savastanoi indoleacetic acid genes show homology with Agrobacterium tumefaciens T-DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82: 6522–6526

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Biological Sciences, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, Bath, UK

    D. Blakesley

  2. Advanced Technologies (Cambridge) Ltd., CB4 4WA, Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, UK

    M. A. Chaldecott

Authors
  1. D. Blakesley
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. M. A. Chaldecott
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Blakesley, D., Chaldecott, M.A. The role of endogenous auxin in root initiation. Plant Growth Regul 13, 77–84 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00207595

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00207595

Key words

Search

Navigation