Abstract
An analysis by fluorescein angiography of the first signs of retinopathy in 161 diabetic children showed that microaneurysm-like spot dilatations, microaneurysms, focal capillary dilatations, leakage, generalized capillary dilatations, retinal hemorrhages, areas of capillary non-perfusion and capillary remodelling, in decreasing order of frequency, were features of the onset of retinopathy. However, microaneurysm-like spot dilatations and both focal and generalized capillary dilatations were considered to be too subjective for use in further quantitative analysis. Retinopathy was not found in children < 12 years of age and was detected only after at least 3 years of diabetes. The mean duration of diabetes before the occurrence of the first lesions in 118 affected eyes was 8.2 years. The mean age at which lesions occurred was 16.4 years. Although capillary non-perfusion was rarely an initial lesion, occurring after a longer duration of diabetes and at a later age than the other lesions, no significant difference could be found between the various types of lesions for either the patient's age at their onset or the duration of diabetes. The type of initial lesion was also unrelated to sex, age at the onset of diabetes, or metabolic control.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Baudouin C, Maneschi F, Quentel G, Soubrane G, Hayes T, Jones G, Coscas G, Kohner EM (1983) Quantitative evaluation of fluorescein angiograms: microaneurysm counts. Diabetes 32 [Suppl 2]:8–13
Brooser G, Barta L, Anda L, Molnar M (1975) Frühdiagnose der Mikroangiopathie bei kindlichem Diabetes. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 166:233–236
Burger W, Hövener G, Düsterhus R, Hartmann R, Weber B (1986) Prevalence and development of retinopathy in children and adolescents with type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. A longitudinal study. Diabetologia 29:17–22
Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group (1987) Color photography vs fluorescein angiography in the detection of diabetic retinopathy in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Arch Ophthalmol 105:1344–1351
Doft BH, Kingsley LA, Orchard TJ, Kuller L, Drash A, Becker D (1984) The association between long-term diabetic control and early retinopathy. Ophthalmology 91:763–769
Dorchy H, Toussaint D, Vaderschueren-Lodeweyckx M, Vandenbussche E, Devroede M, Loeb H (1979) Leakage of fluorescein: first sign of juvenile diabetic retinopathy. Acta Pediatr Scand [Suppl] 277:47–53
Dorchy H, Van Vliet G, Toussaint D, Ketelbant-Balasse P, Loeb H (1979) Mauriac syndrome: three cases with retinal angiofluorescein study. Diabete Metab 3:195–200
Frank RN, Hoffman WM, Podgor MJ, Joondeph HC, Lewis RA, Margherio RR, Nachazel DP, Weiss H, Christopherson KW, Cronin MA (1980) Retinopathy in juvenile-onset diabetes of short duration. Ophthalmology 87:1–10
Frost-Larsen K, Starup K (1980) Fluorescein angiography in diabetic children. A follow-up. Acta Ophthalmol 58:355–360
Goldstein D, Ide C, Wilson R, Matthews J (1983) Evidence for an association between long-term glycemic control and development of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes 32 [Suppl 1]: 9a
Grunwald JE, Riva CE, Brucker AJ, Sinclair SH, Petrig BL (1984) Altered retinal vascular response to 100% oxygen breathing in diabetes mellitus. Ophthalmology 91:1447–1452
Jackson RL, Ide CH, Guthrie RA, James RD (1982) Retinopathy in adolescents and young adults with onset of insulin-dependent diabetes in childhood. Ophthalmology 89:7–13
Jütte A, Deufrains A, Dietze U (1980) Mikrozirkulationsstörungen bei beginnender diabetischer Retinopathie. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 177:1–6
Kingsley LA, Doft BH, Orchard TJ, Kuller LH, Becker DJ (1983) Long-term metabolic control and diabetic retinopathy in an adolescent idd cohort. Diabetes 32 [Suppl 1]:9a
Klein R, Klein B, Moss SE, Davis MD, Demets DL (1985) Retinopathy in young-onset diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 8:311–315
Klemen UM, Freyler H (1980) Courses of diabetic retinopathy. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 213:135–142
Koenig F, Bandello F, Ramioul E, Soubrane G (1985) Evolution de la retinopathie précoce. Bull Mem Soc Fr Ophtalmol 96:296–299
Kohner EM, Hamilton AM, Saunders SJ, Sutcliffe BA, Bulpitt CJ (1975) The retinal blood flow in diabetes. Diabetologia 11:27–33
Levy-Marchal C, Brauner R, Paredes A, Kaluszyner M, Van Kote I, Dufier JL, Jos J, Czernichow P (1984) Analyse de la microangiopathie diabetique ä l'aide de l'angiographie rétinienne chez 82 enfants. Presse Med 13:2617–2620
Little H (1976) The role of abnormal hemorrheodynamics in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 74:573–635
Lund-Andersen Ch, Frost-Larsen K, Starup K (1987) Natural history of diabetic retinopathy in insulin-dependent juvenile diabetics. Acta Ophthalmol 65:481–486
Malone JI, Van Cader TC, Edwards WC (1977) Diabetic vascular changes in children. Diabetes 26:673–679
Malone JI, Grizzard WS, Espinoza LR, Achenbak KE, Van Cader TC (1984) Risk factors for diabetic retinopathy in youth. Pediatrics 73:756–761
Matsui M, Satoh Y (1982) Microangiographic findings in childhood diabetes. In: Henkind P (ed) Acta XXIC International Congress of Ophthalmology, vol 2. Lippincott, San Francisco, pp 725–729
Oosterhuis JA, Vink R (1968) Fluorescein photography in diabetic retinopathy. In: Henkes HE (ed) Perspectives in ophthalmology. Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam, pp 115–132
Palmberg P, Smith M, Waltman S, Krupin T, Singer P, Burgess D, Wendtlant T, Achtenberg J, Cryer Ph, Santiago J, White N, Kilo Ch, Daughaday W (1981) The natural history of retinopathy in insulin-dependent juvenile-onset diabetes. Ophthalmology 88:613–618
Roy MS, Rick ME, Higgins KE, McCulloch JC (1986) Retinal cotton-wool spots: an early finding in diabetic retinopathy? Br J Ophthalmol 70:772–778
Sinclair SH, Grunwald JE, Riva CE, Braunstein SN, Nichols CW, Schwartz SS (1982) Retinal autoregulation in diabetes mellitus. Ophthalmology 89:748–750
Sosula I (1974) Capillary radius and wall thickness in normal and diabetic rat retinae. Microvasc Res 7:274–276
Starup K, Larsen HW, Enk B, Vestermark S (1980) Fluorescein angiography in diabetic children. Acta Ophthalmol 58:347–354
Tousssaint D, Dorchy H (1974) Exploration angiofluoresceinique de la retinopathie diabetique infantile. Etude préliminaire. Bull Soc Belge Ophtalmol 168:783–800
Yamana Y, Ohnishi Y, Taniguchi Y, Ikeda M (1983) Early signs of diabetic retinopathy by fluorescein angiography. Jpn J Ophthalmol 27:218–227
Zografos L (1983) Enquete internationale sur l'incidence des accidents graves ou fatals pouvant survenir lors d'une angiographie fluorescéinique. J Fr Ophtalmol 6:495–506
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Deceased
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Verougstraete, C., Toussaint, D., De Schepper, J. et al. First microangiographic abnormalities in childhood diabetes — types of lesions. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 229, 24–32 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00172257
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00172257