Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Preclinical Non-invasive Imaging in Cancer Research and Drug Discovery: An Overview

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Unravelling Cancer Signaling Pathways: A Multidisciplinary Approach

  • 829 Accesses

Abstract

The increased understanding of complex biological processes in cancer initiation and progression has proportionately increased new anticancer drug development which is presently the top priority research field. The process of drug discovery and development is expensive, tedious, and unpredictable. Several steps are involved in this process, which requires strong multidisciplinary interaction. The duration of the procedure depends upon the validation of each step. Current data shows that out of the 10,000 newly screened compounds, only 250 enter preclinical testing and 5 enter clinical phase. However, only one compound gets regulatory approval. The percentage of success in developing a drug is very low, in spite of huge time spent and financial investments. Therefore, it is utmost important to refine every step of the drug development process so as to precisely evaluate the new compounds. The process of drug development consists of various phases like absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. All these phases can be precisely studied using several advanced tools and one such tool is non-invasive preclinical imaging. This chapter deals with various preclinical imaging modalities having huge potential in anticancer drug discovery. The imaging modalities discussed in details are positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), computed tomography (CT), optical, ultrasound and photoacoustic (US-PA) and spectral imaging. These modalities are complimentary to each other and need to be applied on the basis of information to be gathered. The common study/imaging protocol used in anticancer drug development has been mentioned with appropriate image data. The modalities such as photoacoustic and spectral imaging have huge potential for clinical applications due to their potential to characterise tissue and underlying pathophysiological differences.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Aamir R, Chernoglazov A, Bateman C, Butler A, Butler P, Anderson N, Bell S, Panta R, Healy J, Mohr J (2014) Mars spectral molecular imaging of lamb tissue: data collection and image analysis. J Instrum 9:P02005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Akabani G, Cokgor I, Coleman RE, González Trotter D, Wong TZ, Friedman HS, Friedman AH, Garcia-Turner A, Herndon JE, Delong D, Mclendon RE, Zhao XG, Pegram CN, Provenzale JM, Bigner DD, Zalutsky MR (2000) Dosimetry and dose-response relationships in newly diagnosed patients with malignant gliomas treated with Iodine-131-labeled anti-tenascin monoclonal antibody 81C6 therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 46:947–958

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Albanese A, Tang PS, Chan WC (2012) The effect of nanoparticle size, shape, and surface chemistry on biological systems. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 14:1–16

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Almuhaideb A, Papathanasiou N, Bomanji J (2011) 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging in. Oncology 31(1):3–13

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson CR, Rychak JJ, Backer M, Backer J, Ley K, Klibanov AL (2010a) ScVEGF microbubble ultrasound contrast agents: a novel probe for ultrasound molecular imaging of tumor angiogenesis. Investig Radiol 45(10):579–585

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson N, Butler A, Scott N, Cook N, Butzer J, Schleich N, Firsching M, Grasset R, De Ruiter N, Campbell M (2010b) Spectroscopic (multi-energy) CT distinguishes iodine and barium contrast material in MICE. Eur Radiol 20:2126–2134

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson NG, Butler AP (2014) Clinical applications of spectral molecular imaging: potential and challenges. Contrast Media Mol Imaging 9:3–12

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ballabriga R, Alozy J, Blaj G, Campbell M, Fiederle M, Frojdh E, Heijne E, Llopart X, Pichotka M, Procz S (2013) The Medipix3RX: a high resolution, zero dead-time pixel detector readout chip allowing spectroscopic imaging. J Instrum 8:C02016

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barkhof F, Simon JH, Fazekas F, Rovaris M, Kappos L, De Stefano N, Polman CH, Petkau J, Radue EW, Sormani MP, Li DK, O’connor P, Montalban X, Miller DH, Filippi M (2012) MRI monitoring of immunomodulation in relapse-onset multiple sclerosis trials. Nat Rev Neurol 8(1):13–21

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barr RG (2017) How to develop a contrast-enhanced ultrasound program. J Ultrasound Med 36(6):1225–1240

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bateman CJ, Mcmahon J, Malpas A, De Ruiter N, Bell S, Butler AP, Butler PH, Renaud PF (2013) Segmentation enhances material analysis in multi-energy CT: a simulation study. In: 28th International Conference of Image and Vision Computing New Zealand (IVCNZ), 2013. IEEE, pp 190–195

    Google Scholar 

  • Bateman CJ, Rajendran K, De Ruiter NJ, Butler AP, Butler PH, Renaud PF (2015) The hidden K-edge signal in K-edge imaging. arXiv preprint arXiv:1506.04223

    Google Scholar 

  • Belhocine T, Steinmetz N, Hustinx R, Bartsch P, Jerusalem G, Seidel L, Rigo P, Green A (2002) Increased uptake of the apoptosis-imaging agent99mTc recombinant human annexin V in human tumors after one course of chemotherapy as a predictor of tumor response and patient prognosis. Clin Cancer Res 8(9):2766–2774

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bergers G, Benjamin LE (2003) Tumorigenesis and the angiogenic switch. Nat Rev Cancer 3(6):401–410

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Berridge MS, Heald DL (1999) In vivo characterization of inhaled pharmaceuticals using quantitative positron emission tomography. J Clin Pharmacol 39(S1):25S–29S

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blankenberg FG, Backer MV, Levashova Z, Patel V, Backer JM (2006) In vivo tumor angiogenesis imaging with site-specific labeled99mTc-HYNIC-VEGF. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 33(7):841–848

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cai W, Rao J, Gambhir SS, Chen X (2006) How molecular imaging is speeding up antiangiogenic drug development. Mol Cancer Ther 5(11):2624–2633

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cerussi AE, Tanamai VW, Mehta RS, Hsiang D, Butler J, Tromberg BJ (2010) Frequent optical imaging during breast Cancer neoadjuvant chemotherapy reveals dynamic tumor physiology in an individual patient. Acad Radiol 17(8):1031–1039

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Chandrani P, Prabhash K, Prasad R, Sethunath V, Ranjan M, Iyer P, Aich J, Dhamne H, Iyer DN, Upadhyay P, Mohanty B, Chandna P, Kumar R, Joshi A, Noronha V, Patil V, Ramaswamy A, Karpe A, Thorat R, Chaudhari P, Ingle A, Choughule A, Dutt A (2017) Drug-sensitive FGFR3 mutations in lung adenocarcinoma. Ann Oncol 28:597–603

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chang CH, Hsu WC, Wang CY, Jan ML, Tsai TH, Lee TW, Lynn SG, Yeh CH, Chang TJ (2007) Longitudinal microSPECT/CT imaging and pharmacokinetics of synthetic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) vaccine in rats. Anticancer Res 27(5A):3251–3258

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen X, Park R, Shahinian AH, Tohme M, Khankaldyyan V, Bozorgzadeh MH, Bading JR, Moats R, Laug WE, Conti PS (2004) 18F-labeled RGD peptide: initial evaluation for imaging brain tumor angiogenesis. Nucl Med Biol 31(2):179–189

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cheung MC, Maceachern JA, Haynes AE, Meyer RM, Imrie K (2009) 131I-tositumomab in lymphoma. Curr Oncol 16(5):32–47

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Choi W, Park E-Y, Jeon S, Kim C (2018) Clinical photoacoustic imaging platforms. Biomed Eng Lett 8:1–17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chrastina A, Valadon P, Massey KA, Schnitzer JE (2010) Lung vascular targeting using antibody to aminopeptidase P: CT-SPECT imaging, biodistribution and pharmacokinetic analysis. J Vasc Res 47(6):531–543

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen CM (2003) A path to improved pharmaceutical productivity. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2(9):751–753

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cole LE, Ross RD, Tilley JM, Vargo-Gogola T, Roeder RK (2015) Gold nanoparticles as contrast agents in x-ray imaging and computed tomography. Nanomedicine 10:321–341

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Contessa JN, Bhojani MS, Freeze HH, Ross BD, Rehemtulla A, Lawrence TS (2010) Molecular imaging of N-linked glycosylation suggests glycan biosynthesis is a novel target for cancer therapy. Clin Cancer Res 16(12):3205–3214

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Curtis TE, Roeder RK (2017) Calibration methods influence quantitative material decomposition in photon-counting spectral CT, SPIE

    Google Scholar 

  • Das S, Gurav S, Soni V, Ingle A, Mohanty BS, Chaudhari P, Bendale K, Dholam K, Bellare JR (2018) Osteogenic nanofibrous coated titanium implant results in enhanced osseointegration: in vivo preliminary study in a rabbit model. Tissue Eng Regen Med 15:231–247

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Decristoforo C, Faintuch-Linkowski B, Rey A, Von Guggenberg E, Rupprich M, Hernandez-Gonzales I, Rodrigo T, Haubner R (2006) [99mTc]HYNIC-RGD for imaging integrin alphavbeta3 expression. Nucl Med Biol 33(8):945–952

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Deshpande N, Ren Y, Foygel K, Rosenberg J, Willmann JK (2010) Longitudinal assessment of expression levels of tumor angiogenic markers with molecular ultrasound imaging. Mol Imaging Biol

    Google Scholar 

  • Diekmann F, Bick U (2007) Tomosynthesis and contrast-enhanced digital mammography: recent advances in digital mammography. Eur Radiol 17:3086–3092

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Difilippo FP (2008) Design and performance of a multi-pinhole collimation device for small animal imaging with clinical SPECT and SPECT-CT scanners. Phys Med Biol 53(15):4185–4201

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • DiMasi JA, Feldman L, Seckler A, Wilson A (2010) Trends in risks associated with new drug development: success rates for investigational drugs

    Google Scholar 

  • DiMasi JA, Grabowski HG, Hansen RW (2016) Innovation in the pharmaceutical industry: new estimates of R&D costs. J Health Econ 47:20–33

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • DiMasi JA, Hansen RW, Grabowski HG (2003) The price of innovation: new estimates of drug development costs. J Health Econ 22(2):151–185

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Durkee BY, Mudd SR, Roen CN, Clipson L, Newton MA, Weichert JP, Pickhardt PJ, Halberg RB (2008) Reproducibility of tumor volume measurement at MicroCT colonography in living mice. Acad Radiol 15:334–341

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Fani M, Psimadas D, Zikos C, Xanthopoulos S, Loudos GK, Bouziotis P, Varvarigou AD (2006) Comparative evaluation of linear and cyclic 99mTc-RGD peptides for targeting of integrins in tumor angiogenesis. Anticancer Res 26:431–434

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Feugier P, Hoof AV, Sebban C, Solal-Celigny P, Bouabdallah R, Fermé C, Christian B, Lepage E, Tilly H, Morschhauser F, Gaulard P, Salles G, Bosly A, Gisselbrecht C, Reyes F, Coiffier B (2005) Long-term results of the R-CHOP study in the treatment of elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a study by the Groupe d’Etude des Lymphomes de l’Adulte. J Clin Oncol 23:4117–4126

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fischman AJ, Alpert NM, Rubin RH (2002) Pharmacokinetic imaging: a noninvasive method for determining drug distribution and action. Clin Pharmacokinet 41:581–602

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fomchenko EI, Holland EC (2006) Mouse models of brain tumors and their applications in preclinical trials. Clin Cancer Res 12:5288–5297

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Foster FS, Hossack J, Adamson SL (2011) Micro-ultrasound for preclinical imaging. Interface focus 1:576–601

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Frank R, Hargreaves R (2003) Clinical biomarkers in drug discovery and development. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2(7):566–580

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fushiki H, Kanoh-Azuma T, Katoh M, Kawabata K, Jiang J, Tsuchiya N, Satow A, Tamai Y, Hayakawa Y (2009) Quantification of mouse pulmonary cancer models by microcomputed tomography imaging. Cancer Sci 100:1544–1549

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gabriel M, Muehllechener P, Decristoforo C, Von Guggenberg E, Kendler D, Prommegger R, Profanter C, Moncayo R, Virgolini I (2005) 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-Tyr(3)-octreotide for staging and follow-up of patients with neuroendocrine gastro-entero-pancreatic tumors. Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 11:3953–3957

    Google Scholar 

  • Giand N (2018) Whales, scales and moons — July’s best science images. Nature 560:281

    Google Scholar 

  • Gioux S, Choi HS, Frangioni JV (2010) Image-guided surgery using invisible near-infrared light: fundamentals of clinical translation. Mol Imaging 9:7290

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lacan G, Kesner AL, Gangloff A, Zheng L, Czernin J, Melega WP, Silverman DHS (2005) Synthesis of 2-[(2-chloro-2′-[18F]fluoroethyl)amino]-2H-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorinane-2-oxide (18F-fluorocyclophosphamide), a potential tracer for breast tumor prognostic imaging with PET. J Labelled Compd Radiopham 48:635–643

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Graham KC, Wirtzfeld LA, Mackenzie LT, Postenka CO, Groom AC, Macdonald IC, Fenster A, Lacefield JC, Chambers AF (2005) Three-dimensional high-frequency ultrasound imaging for longitudinal evaluation of liver metastases in preclinical models. Cancer Res 65:5231–5237

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grange C, Geninatti-Crich S, Esposito G, Alberti D, Tei L, Bussolati B, Aime S, Camussi G (2010) Combined delivery and magnetic resonance imaging of neural cell adhesion molecule-targeted doxorubicin-containing liposomes in experimentally induced Kaposi’s sarcoma. Cancer Res 70:2180–2190

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Guibal A, Taillade L, Mulé S, Comperat E, Badachi Y, Golmard JL, Guillou-Buffello LE, Rixe O, Bridal SL, Lucidarme O (2010) Noninvasive contrast-enhanced US quantitative assessment of tumor microcirculation in a murine model: effect of discontinuing anti-VEGF therapy. Radiology 254:420–429

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hajra KM, Liu JR (2004) Apoptosome dysfunction in human cancer. Apoptosis 9:691–704

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hajra KM, Tan L, Liu JR (2008) Defective apoptosis underlies chemoresistance in ovarian cancer. Adv Exp Med Biol 622:197–208

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hasegawa S, Furukawa T, Saga T (2010) Molecular MR imaging of cancer gene therapy: ferritin transgene reporter takes the stage. Magn Reson Med Sci 9:37–47

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Häusler A, Allegrini PR, Biollaz M, Batzl C, Scheidegger E, Bhatnagar AS (1996) CGP 53153: a new potent inhibitor of 5α-reductase. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 57:187–195

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • He C, Hu Y, Yin L, Tang C, Yin C (2010) Effects of particle size and surface charge on cellular uptake and biodistribution of polymeric nanoparticles. Biomaterials 31:3657–3666

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hendrikse NH, Franssen EJF, Van Der Graaf WTA, Vaalburg W, De Vries EGE (1999) Visualization of multidrug resistance in vivo. Eur J Nucl Med 26:283–293

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hodé Y, Reimold M, Demazières A, Reischl G, Bayle F, Nuss P, Hameg A, Dib M, Macher JP (2005) A positron emission tomography (PET) study of cerebral dopamine D 2 and serotonine 5-HT2A receptor occupancy in patients treated with cyamemazine (Tercian). Psychopharmacology 180:377–384

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoyt K, Warram JM, Umphrey H, Belt L, Lockhart ME, Robbin ML, Zinn KR (2010) Determination of breast cancer response to bevacizumab therapy using contrast-enhanced ultrasound and artificial neural networks. J Ultrasound Med 29:577–585

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hsueh W-A, Kesner AL, Gangloff A, Pegram MD, Beryt M, Czernin J, Phelps ME, Silverman DHS (2006) Predicting chemotherapy response to paclitaxel with 18F-Fluoropaclitaxel and PET. J Nucl Med 47:1995–1999

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hu S, Kiesewetter DO, Zhu L, Guo N, Gao H, Liu G, Hida N, Lang L, Niu G, Chen X (2012) Longitudinal PET imaging of doxorubicin-induced cell death with 18F-annexin v. Mol Imaging Biol 14:762–770

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Huang G, Yang S, Yuan Y, Xing D (2011) Combining x-ray and photoacoustics for in vivo tumor imaging with gold nanorods. Appl Phys Lett 99:123701

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huynh AS, Abrahams DF, Torres MS, Baldwin MK, Gillies RJ, Morse DL (2011) Development of an orthotopic human pancreatic cancer xenograft model using ultrasound guided injection of cells. PLoS One 6:e20330

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Jadvar H, Colletti P, Delgado-Bolton R, Esposito G, Krause B, Iagaru A, Nadel H, Quinn D, Rohren E, Subramaniam R, Zukotynski K, Kauffman J, Ahuja S, Griffeth LK (2017) Appropriate use criteria for18F-FDG PET/CT in restaging and treatment response assessment of malignant disease. J Nucl Med 58:2026–2037

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jager PL, Plaat BEC, De Vries EGE, Molenaar WM, Vaalburg W, Piers DA, Hoekstra HJ (2000) Imaging of soft-tissue tumors using L-3-[iodine-123]iodo-α-methyl- tyrosine single photon emission computed tomography: comparison with proliferative and mitotic activity, cellularity, and vascularity. Clin Cancer Res 6(6):2252–2259

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jindal A, Mathur A, Pandey U, Sarma HD, Chaudhari P, Dash A (2014) Development of 68Ga-labeled fatty acids for their potential use in cardiac metabolic imaging. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 57:463–469

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson JI, Decker S, Zaharevitz D, Rubinstein LV, Venditti JM, Schepartz S, Kalyandrug S, Christian M, Arbuck S, Hollingshead M, Sausville EA (2001) Relationships between drug activity in NCI preclinical in vitro and in vivo models and early clinical trials. Br J Cancer 84:1424–1431

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Jolly C, Jeanny JC, Behar-Cohen F, Laugier P, Saïed A (2005) High-resolution ultrasonography of subretinal structure and assessment of retina degeneration in rat. Exp Eye Res 81:592–601

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jose J, Manohar S, Kolkman RG, Steenbergen W, Van Leeuwen TG (2009) Imaging of tumor vasculature using Twente photoacoustic systems. J Biophotonics 2:701–717

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Juhász C, Dwivedi S, Kamson DO, Michelhaugh SK, Mittal S (2014) Comparison of amino acid positron emission tomographic radiotracers for molecular imaging of primary and metastatic brain tumors. Mol Imaging 13:1–16

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jung JH, Choi Y, Im KC (2016) PET/MRI: technical challenges and recent advances. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 50:3–12

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kang BH, Siegelin MD, Plescia J, Raskett CM, Garlick DS, Dohi T, Lian JB, Stein GS, Languino LR, Altieri DC (2010) Preclinical characterization of mitochondria-targeted small molecule Hsp90 inhibitors, gamitrinibs, in advanced prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res 16:4779–4788

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kartachova M, Haas RLM, Valdés Olmos RA, Hoebers FJP, Van Zandwijk N, Verheij M (2004) In vivo imaging of apoptosis by 99mTc-Annexin V scintigraphy: visual analysis in relation to treatment response. Radiother Oncol 72(3):333–339

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kartachova MS, Valdés Olmos RA, Haas RLM, Hoebers FJP, Van Den Brekel MW, Van Zandwijk N, Herk MV, Verheij M (2006) Mapping of treatment-induced apoptosis in normal structures:99mTc-Hynic-rh-annexin V SPECT and CT image fusion. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 33:893–899

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Katz R (2004) Biomarkers and surrogate markers: an FDA perspective. NeuroRx 1:185–195

    Google Scholar 

  • Kesner AL, Hsueh WA, Htet NL, Pio BS, Czernin J, Pegram MD, Phelps ME, Silverman DHS (2007) Biodistribution and predictive value of 18F-Fluorocyclophosphamide in mice bearing human breast Cancer xenografts. J Nucl Med 48:2021–2027

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kiesewetter DO, Jagoda EM, Kao CHK, Ma Y, Ravasi L, Shimoji K, Szajek LP, Eckelman WC (2003) Fluoro-, bromo-, and iodopaclitaxel derivatives: synthesis and biological evaluation. Nucl Med Biol 30:11–24

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim JY, Park H, Lee JC, Kim KM, Lee KC, Ha HJ, Choi TH, An GI, Cheon GJ (2009) A simple cu-64 production and its application of cu-64 ATSM. Appl Radiat Isot 67:1190–1194

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kulkarni SA, Feng S-S (2013) Effects of particle size and surface modification on cellular uptake and biodistribution of polymeric nanoparticles for drug delivery. Pharm Res 30:2512–2522

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar P, Singh B, Ghai A, Hazari PP, Mittal BR, Mishra AK (2015) Development of a single vial kit formulation of [99mTc]-labeled doxorubicin for tumor imaging and treatment response assessment-preclinical evaluation and preliminary human results. J Label Compd Radiopharm 58:242–249

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kurdziel KA, Kiesewetter DO, Carson RE, Eckelman WC, Herscovitch P (2003) Biodistribution, radiation dose estimates, and in vivo Pgp modulation studies of 18F-paclitaxel in nonhuman primates. J Nucl Med 44:1330–1339

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kuwert T, Probst-Cousin S, Woesler B, Morgenroth C, Lerch H, Matheja P, Palkovic S, Schafers M, Wassmann H, Gullotta F, Schober O (1997) Iodine-123-alpha-methyl tyrosine in gliomas: correlation with cellular density and proliferative activity. J Nucl Med 38:1551–1555

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lappin G, Garner RC (2003) Big physics, small doses: the use of AMS and PET in human microdosing of development drugs. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2:233–240

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee KC, Hamstra DA, Bhojani MS, Khan AP, Ross BD, Rehemtulla A (2007) Noninvasive molecular imaging sheds light on the synergy between 5-fluorouracil and TRAIL/Apo2L for cancer therapy. Clin Cancer Res 13:1839–1846

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li L, Zhu L, Ma C, Lin L, Yao J, Wang L, Maslov K, Zhang R, Chen W, Shi J (2017) Single-impulse panoramic photoacoustic computed tomography of small-animal whole-body dynamics at high spatiotemporal resolution. Nature Biomed Eng 1:0071

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liersch T, Meller J, Kulle B, Behr TM, Markus P, Langer C, Ghadimi BM, Wegener WA, Kovacs J, Horak ID, Becker H, Goldenberg DM (2005) Phase II trial of carcinoembryonic antigen radioimmunotherapy with 131I-labetuzumab after salvage resection of colorectal metastases in the liver: five-year safety and efficacy results. J Clin Oncol 23:6763–6770

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu M, Chen Z, Zabihian B, Sinz C, Zhang E, Beard PC, Ginner L, Hoover E, Minneman MP, Leitgeb RA (2016) Combined multi-modal photoacoustic tomography, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography system with an articulated probe for in vivo human skin structure and vasculature imaging. Biomed Opt Express 7:3390–3402

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lyons SK (2005) Advances in imaging mouse tumour models in vivo. J Pathol 205:194–205

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Madsen MT (2007) Recent advances in SPECT imaging. J Nucl Med 48:661–673

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mahmoodi N, Motameda N, Paylakhic SH, Mahmoodid NO (2015) Comparing the effect of Silybin and Silybin advancedâ„¢ on viability and HER2 expression on the human breast Cancer SKBR3 cell line by no serum starvation. Iran J Pharm Res 14:521–530

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Mallidi S, Watanabe K, Timerman D, Schoenfeld D, Hasan T (2015) Prediction of tumor recurrence and therapy monitoring using ultrasound-guided photoacoustic imaging. Theranostics 5:289

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mandlik SK, Ranpise NS, Mohanty BS, Chaudhari PR (2018) A coupled bimodal SPECT-CT imaging and brain kinetics studies of zolmitriptan-encapsulated nanostructured polymeric carriers. Drug Deliv Transl Res 8:797–805

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mathur A, Sharma AK, Murhekar V, Mallia MB, Pawade S, Sarma H, Chaudhari P, Sachdev S, Banerjee S (2015) Syntheses and biological evaluation of 99m Tc-HYNIC-fatty acid complexes for myocardial imaging. RSC Adv 5:93374–93385

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mendoza-Sánchez AN, Ferro-Flores G, Ocampo-García BE, Morales-Avila E, Ramírez FDM, De León-Rodríguez LM, Santos-Cuevas CL, Medina LA, Rojas-Calderón EL, Camacho-López MA (2010) Lys3-bombesin conjugated to 99mTc-labelled gold nanoparticles for in vivo gastrin releasing peptide-receptor imaging. J Biomed Nanotechnol 6:375–384

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mercep E, Jeng G, Morscher S, Li P-C, Razansky D (2015) Hybrid optoacoustic tomography and pulse-echo ultrasonography using concave arrays. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control 62:1651–1661

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Miller DH (2002) Measurement of atrophy in multiple sclerosis: pathological basis, methodological aspects and clinical relevance. Brain 125:1676–1695

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Minckwitz GV, Procter M, Azambuja ED, Zardavas D, Benyunes M, Viale G, Suter T, Arahmani A, Rouchet N, Clark E, Knott A, Lang I, Levy C, Yardley DA, Bines J, Gelber RD, Piccart M, Baselga J (2017) Adjuvant Pertuzumab and Trastuzumab in early HER2-positive breast Cancer. N Engl J Med 377:122–131

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mishani E, Abourbeh G, Eiblmaier M, Anderson C (2008) Imaging of EGFR and EGFR tyrosine kinase overexpression in tumors by nuclear medicine modalities. Curr Pharm Des 14:2983–2998

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Moghiseh M (2018) Optimization of spectral CT for novel applications of nanoparticles. A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Medical Physics, University of Otago

    Google Scholar 

  • Moghiseh M, Lowe C, Lewis JG, Kumar D, Butler A, Anderson N, Raja A (2018) Spectral photon-counting molecular imaging for quantification of monoclonal antibody-conjugated gold nanoparticles targeted to lymphoma and breast cancer: an in vitro study. Contrast Media Mol Imaging 2018:2136840

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan TM, Pitts TEM, Gross TS, Poliachik SL, Vessella RL, Corey E (2008) RAD001 (Everolimus) inhibits growth of prostate cancer in the bone and the inhibitory effects are increased by combination with docetaxel and zoledronic acid. Prostate 68:861–871

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Moros M, Hernaez B, Garet E, Dias JT, Saez B, Grazu V, Ndez AGL-F, Alonso C, Fuente JMDL (2012) Monosaccharides versus PEG-functionalized NPs influence in the cellular uptake. ACS Nano 6:1565–1577

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moseley CK, Carlin SM, Neelamegam R, Hooker JM (2012) An efficient and practical radiosynthesis of [11C]temozolomide. Org Lett 14:5872–5875

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Mouchess ML, Sohara Y, Nelson MD, Declerck YA, Moats RA (2006) Multimodal imaging analysis of tumor progression and bone resorption in a murine cancer model. J Comput Assist Tomogr 30:525–534

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Needles A, Heinmiller A, Sun J, Theodoropoulos C, Bates D, Hirson D, Yin M, Foster FS (2013) Development and initial application of a fully integrated photoacoustic micro-ultrasound system. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control 60:888–897

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Niederhauser JJ (2004) Real-time biomedical optoacoustic imaging. ETH Zurich

    Google Scholar 

  • Niu G, Sun X, Cao Q, Courter D, Koong A, Le QT, Gambhir SS, Chen X (2010) Cetuximab-based immunotherapy and radioimmunotherapy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 16:2095–2105

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ntziachristos V (2010) Going deeper than microscopy: the optical imaging frontier in biology. Nat Methods 7:603

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O’connor JPB, Jackson A, Parker GJM, Jayson GC (2007) DCE-MRI biomarkers in the clinical evaluation of antiangiogenic and vascular disrupting agents. British J Cancer 96:189–195

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • O’connor, M. K. & Kemp, B. J. 2006. Single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography: basic instrumentation and innovations

    Google Scholar 

  • Ohta S, Lai EW, Morris JC, Bakan DA, Klaunberg B, Cleary S, Powers JF, Tischler AS, Abu-Asab M, Schimel D, Pacak K (2006) MicroCT for high-resolution imaging of ectopic pheochromocytoma tumors in the liver of nude mice. Int J Cancer 9:2236–2241

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Panta R, Bell ST, Healy J, Aamir R, Bateman C, Moghiseh M, Butler A, ANDERSON N (2018) Element-specific spectral imaging of multiple contrast agents: a phantom study. J Instrum 13:T02001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pardridge WM (2007) Blood-brain barrier delivery. Drug Discov Today 12(1–2):54–61

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Peck M, Pollack HA, Friesen A, Muzi M, Shoner SC, Shankland EG, Fink JR, Armstrong JO, Link JM, Krohn KA (2015) Applications of PET imaging with the proliferation marker [18F]-FLT. Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 59:95–104

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Pigula M, Huang HC, Mallidi S, Anbil S, Liu J, Mai Z, Hasan T (2018) Size-dependent tumor response to photodynamic therapy and irinotecan monotherapies revealed by longitudinal ultrasound monitoring in an Orthotopic pancreatic Cancer model. Photochem Photobiol 95:378–386

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Piscaglia F, Bolondi L (2006 Sep) The safety of Sonovue in abdominal applications: retrospective analysis of 23188 investigations. Ultrasound Med Biol 32(9):1369–1375

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pochon S, Tardy I, Bussat P, Bettinger T, Brochot J, von Wronski M, Passantino L, Schneider M (2010) BR55: a Lipopeptide-based VEGFR2-targeted ultrasound contrast agent for molecular imaging of angiogenesis. Investig Radiol 45(2):89–95

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Prabhu S, Goda JS, Mutalik S, Mohanty BS, Chaudhari P, Rai S, Udupa N, RAO BSS (2017) A polymeric temozolomide nanocomposite against orthotopic glioblastoma xenograft: tumor-specific homing directed by nestin. Nanoscale 9:10919–10932

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Prajapati SI, Keller C (2011) Contrast enhanced vessel imaging using MicroCT. J Vis Exp 47:2377

    Google Scholar 

  • Pysz MA, Willmann JK (2011) Targeted contrast-enhanced ultrasound: an emerging Technology in Abdominal and Pelvic Imaging. Gastroenterology 140(3):785–790.e6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pysz MA, Foygel K, Rosenberg J, Gambhir SS, Schneider M, Willmann JK (2010) Antiangiogenic Cancer therapy: monitoring with molecular US and a clinically translatable contrast agent (BR55). Radiology 256:519–527

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Qiao R, Yang C, Gao M (2009) Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: from preparations to in vivo MRI applications. Royal Soc Chem 19:6274–6293

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rao PS, Thakur ML, Pallela V, Patti R, Reddy K, Li H, Sharma S, Pham HL, Diggles L, Minami C, Marcus CS (2001) 99mTc labeled VIP analog: evaluation for imaging colorectal cancer. Nucl Med Biol 28:445–450

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reddy N, Hernandez-Ilizaliturri FJ, Deeb G, Roth M, Vaughn M, Knight J, WALLACE P, CZUCZMAN MS (2008) Immunomodulatory drugs stimulate natural killer-cell function, alter cytokine production by dendritic cells, and inhibit angiogenesis enhancing the anti-tumour activity of rituximab in vivo. Br J Haematol 140:36–45

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rice SL, Roney CA, Daumar P, Lewis JS (2011) The next generation of positron emission tomography radiopharmaceuticals in oncology. Semin Nucl Med 41(4):265–282

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Rodrigues M, Traub-Weidinger T, Li S, Ibi B, Virgolini I (2006) Comparison of 111In-DOTA-DPhe1-Tyr 3-octreotide and 111In-DOTA-lanreotide scintigraphy and dosimetry in patients with neuroendocrine tumours. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 33:532–540

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ronaldson J, Butler A, Anderson N, Zainon R, Butler P. (2011) The performance of MARS-CT using Medipix3 for spectral imaging of soft-tissue. In: Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC), 2011 IEEE, 2011. IEEE, pp 4002–4008

    Google Scholar 

  • Rudin M (2007) Imaging readouts as biomarkers or surrogate parameters for the assessment of therapeutic interventions. Eur Radiol 17:2441–2457

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rudin M, Weissleder R (2003) Molecular imaging in drug discovery and development. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2(2):123–131

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saleem A, Harte RJ, Matthews JC, Osman S, Brady F, Luthra SK, Brown GD, Bleehen N, Connors T, Jones T, Price PM, Aboagye EO (2001) Pharmacokinetic evaluation of N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]acridine-4-carboxamide in patients by positron emission tomography. J Clin Oncol 19:1421–1429

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schambach SJ, Bag S, Schilling L, Groden C, Brockmann MA (2010) Application of micro-CT in small animal imaging. Methods 50:2–13

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Scheepbouwer C, Meyer S, Burggraaf MJ, Jose J, Molthoff CF (2016) A multimodal imaging approach for longitudinal evaluation of bladder tumor development in an orthotopic murine model. PLoS One 11:e0161284

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schröder L, Lowery TJ, Hilty C, Wemmer DE, Pines A (2006) Molecular imaging using a targeted magnetic resonance hyperpolarized biosensor. Science 20:446–469

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schroeder R-J, Bostanjoglo M, Rademaker J, Maeurer J, Felix R (2003) Role of power Doppler techniques and ultrasound contrast enhancement in the differential diagnosis of focal breast lesions. Eur Radiol 13:68–79

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Seimbille Y, Phelps ME, Czernin J, Silverman DHS (2005) Fluorine-18 labeling of 6,7-disubstituted anilinoquinazoline derivatives for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of tyrosine kinase receptors: synthesis of18F-Iressa and related molecular probes. J Label Compd Radiopharm 61:42–53

    Google Scholar 

  • Shariati F, Aryana K, Fattahi A, Forghani MN, Azarian A, Zakavi SR, Sadeghi R, Ayati N, Sadri K (2014) Diagnostic value of 99mTc-bombesin scintigraphy for differentiation of malignant from benign breast lesions. Nucl Med Commun 35:620–625

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Slomka PJ, Pan T, Germano G (2016) Recent advances and future Progress in PET instrumentation. Semin Nucl Med 46:5–19

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stoffels I, Morscher S, Helfrich I, Hillen U, Leyh J, Burton NC, Sardella TC, Claussen J, Poeppel TD, Bachmann HS (2015) Metastatic status of sentinel lymph nodes in melanoma determined noninvasively with multispectral optoacoustic imaging. Sci Transl Med 7:317ra199-317ra199

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tarkin JM, Dweck MR, Rudd JHF (2018) Imaging as a surrogate marker of drug efficacy in cardiovascular disease. Heart 105:567–578

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thummuri D, Naidu VGM, Chaudhari P (2017) Carnosic acid attenuates RANKL-induced oxidative stress and osteoclastogenesis via induction of Nrf2 and suppression of NF-kappaB and MAPK signalling. J Mol Med (Berl) 95:1065–1076

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Toumia Y, Cerroni B, Trochet P, Lacerenza S, Oddo L, Domenici F, Paradossi G (2018) Performances of a pristine graphene–microbubble hybrid construct as dual imaging contrast agent and assessment of its biodistribution by photoacoustic imaging. Part Part Syst Charact 37:1800066

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tuncbilek N, Kaplan M, Altaner S, Atakan IH, Süt N, Inci O, Demir MK (2009) Value of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and correlation with tumor angiogenesis in bladder cancer. Am J Roentgenol 192:949–955

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Valtorta S, Belloli S, Sanvito F, Masiello V, Di Grigoli G, Monterisi C, Fazio F, Picchio M, Moresco RM (2013) Comparison of 18F-Fluoroazomycin-Arabinofuranoside and 64Cu-diacetyl-Bis(N4-Methylthiosemicarbazone) in preclinical models of Cancer. J Nucl Med 54:1106–1112

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van De Wiele C, Oltenfreiter R, De Winter O, Signore A, Slegers G, Dierckx R (2002) Tumour angiogenesis pathways: related clinical issues and implications for nuclear medicine imaging. Eur J Nucl Med 29:699–710

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Den Abbeele AD, Badawi RD (2002) Use of positron emission tomography in oncology and its potential role to assess response to imatinib mesylate therapy in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Eur J Cancer 38:S60–S65

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vaneycken I, Govaert J, Vincke C, Caveliers V, Lahoutte T, De Baetselier P, Raes G, Bossuyt A, Muyldermans S, Devoogdt N (2010) In vitro analysis and in vivo tumor targeting of a humanized, grafted nanobody in mice using pinhole SPECT/Micro-CT. J Nucl Med 51:1099–1106

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vergez S, Delord JP, Thomas F, Rochaix P, Caselles O, Filleron T, Brillouet S, Canal P, Courbon F, Allal BC (2010) Preclinical and clinical evidence that deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D- glucose positron emission tomography with computed tomography is a reliable tool for the detection of early molecular responses to erlotinib in head and neck cancer. Clin Cancer Res 16:4434–4445

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vogel CL, Cobleigh MA, Tripathy D, Gutheil JC, Harris LN, Fehrenbacher L, Slamon DJ, Murphy M, Novotny WF, Burchmore M, Shak S, Stewart SJ, Press M (2002) Efficacy and safety of Trastuzumab as a single agent in first-line treatment of HER2-overexpressing metastatic breast Cancer. Clin Oncol 20:719–729

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wagner N, Eldar YC, Friedman Z (2012) Compressed beamforming in ultrasound imaging. IEEE Trans Signal Process 60:4643–4657

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walter MA, Hildebrandt IJ, Hacke K, Kesner AL, Kelly O, Lawson GW, Phelps ME, Czernin J, Weber WA, Schiestl RH (2010) Small-animal PET/CT for monitoring the development and response to chemotherapy of thymic lymphoma in Trp53-/- mice. J Nucl Med 51:1285–1292

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang LV, Yao J (2016) A practical guide to photoacoustic tomography in the life sciences. Nat Methods 13:627

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Weber J, Beard PC, Bohndiek SE (2016) Contrast agents for molecular photoacoustic imaging. Nat Methods 13:639

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Willmann JK, Van Bruggen N, Dinkelborg LM, Gambhir SS (2008) Molecular imaging in drug development. Nat Rev Drug Discov 7:591–606

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wu P, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Shi X, Li F, Zhu Z (2013) Clinical applications of 18F-FDG PET/CT in monitoring anti-cancer therapies. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 14(7):658–668

    Google Scholar 

  • Xu M, Wang LV (2006) Photoacoustic imaging in biomedicine rev. Sci Instrum 77:041101

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu Z, Li XF, Zou H, Sun X, Shen B (2017)18F-Fluoromisonidazole in tumor hypoxia imaging. Oncotarget 8:94969–94979

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Xuan JW, Bygrave M, Jiang H, Valiyeva F, Dunmore-Buyze J, Holdsworth DW, Izawa JI, Bauman G, Moussa M, Winter SF, Greenberg NM, Chin JL, Drangova M, Fenster A, Lacefield JC (2007) Functional neoangiogenesis imaging of genetically engineered mouse prostate cancer using three-dimensional power doppler ultrasound. Cancer Res 67:2830–2839

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yang J, Guo H, Gallazzi F, Berwick M, Padilla RS, Miao Y (2009) Evaluation of a novel Arg-Gly-Asp-conjugated α-melanocyte stimulating hormone hybrid peptide for potential melanoma therapy. Bioconjug Chem 19:1634–1642

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zeng Q, Yang Z, Gao YJ, Yuan H, Cui K, Shi Y, Wang H, Huang X, Wong STC, Wang Y, Kesari S, Ji RR, Xu X (2010) Treating triple-negative breast cancer by a combination of rapamycin and cyclophosphamide: An in vivo bioluminescence imaging study. Eur J Cancer 46:1132–1143

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu G, Li H, Zhang Y, Li Y, Liang S, Liu J (2011) Concomitant pulmonary and thyroid tumors identified by FDG PET/CT and immunohistochemical techniques. World J Surg Oncol 9(1):119

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements for Sect. 17.17

  1. (a)

    MARS Collaboration and MARS Bioimaging Ltd.

  2. (b)

    Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (MBIE), New Zealand, for funding (UOCX1404) through the MedTech CoRE.

  3. (c)

    CERN and the Medipix2, Medipix3 and Medipix4 collaborations.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

    Pardeep Kumar

  2. Department of Nuclear Medicine, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India

    Baljinder Singh

  3. Comparative Oncology Program and Small Animal Imaging Facility, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

    Pradip Chaudhari

  4. Translation Research Program, FUJIFILM Visualsonics, Inc., Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Jithin Jose

  5. MARS Bioimaging Limited, Christchurch, New Zealand

    Anthony Butler, Hannah Prebble & Mahdieh Moghiseh

  6. University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand

    Anthony Butler & Hannah Prebble

  7. University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand

    Anthony Butler & Mahdieh Moghiseh

  8. European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland

    Anthony Butler

  9. Human Interface Technology Laboratory New Zealand (HITLabNZ), University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand

    Anthony Butler

Authors
  1. Pardeep Kumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Baljinder Singh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Pradip Chaudhari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jithin Jose
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Anthony Butler
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Hannah Prebble
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Mahdieh Moghiseh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Consortia

The MARS Collaboration

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Integrated Biophysics and Structural Biology Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

    Kakoli Bose

  2. Comparative Oncology Program and Small Animal Imaging Facility, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

    Pradip Chaudhari

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Kumar, P. et al. (2019). Preclinical Non-invasive Imaging in Cancer Research and Drug Discovery: An Overview. In: Bose, K., Chaudhari, P. (eds) Unravelling Cancer Signaling Pathways: A Multidisciplinary Approach. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9816-3_17

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation