Abstract
Over the last two decades, carbon nanomaterials including two-dimensional graphene, one-dimensional carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and zero-dimensional carbon quantum dots, fullerenes have gained tremendous attention from researchers due to their unique optical, electronic, mechanical, chemical, and thermal properties. Furthermore, to enhance the properties of pristine carbon nanomaterials, their hybrid materials have been synthesized. Even though tremendous advancement in carbon nanomaterials-based electronic devices and sensors has been achieved, a few challenges need to be addressed before the commercialization of carbon nanomaterials-based devices. Apart from the improvements, the device to device variations, and extrinsic factors like dielectric layers, metal contact resistance remain an issue. Strategies such as chemically tuning and enhancing the properties of carbon nanomaterials are important for the further improvement of carbon nanomaterial-based device performance. This chapter focuses on understanding the basic electronic properties of graphene, CNT. and carbon quantum dots/fullerenes and their applications in electronic devices (field-effect transistors, diodes, etc.), optoelectronics, and various chemical and physical sensors.
Keywords
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Kroto HW, McKay K (1988) The formation of quasi-icosahedral spiral shell carbon particles. Nature 331:328–331
Ugarte D (1992) Curling and closure of graphitic networks under electron-beam irradiation. Nature 359:707–709
Wang X, Hofmann O, Das R, Barrett EM, DeMello AJ, DeMello JC, Bradley DDC (2007) Integrated thin-film polymer/fullerene photodetectors for on-chip microfluidic chemiluminescence detection. Lab Chip 7:58–63
Deibel C, Dyakonov V (2010) Polymer–fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells. Mater Today 73:462–470
Haddon RC, Perel AS, Morris RC, Palstra TTM, Hebard AF, Fleming RM (2012) C60 thin film transistors. 121:1–4
Monthioux M, Kuznetsov VL (2006) Who should be given the credit for the discovery of carbon nanotubes? Carbon N Y 44:1621–1623
Radushkevich LV, Lukyanovich VM (1952) The structure of carbon forming in thermal decomposition of carbon monoxide on an iron catalyst. Russ J Phys Chem 26:88–95
Iijima S (1991) Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon. Nature 354:56–58
Inami N, Mohamed MA, Shikoh E, Fujiwara A (2007) Synthesis-condition dependence of carbon nanotube growth by alcohol catalytic chemical vapor deposition method. Sci Technol Adv Mater 8:292–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stam.2007.02.009
Eftekhari A, Jafarkhani P, Moztarzadeh F (2006) High-yield synthesis of carbon nanotubes using a water-soluble catalyst support in catalytic chemical vapor deposition. Carbon N Y 44:1343–1345
Guo T, Nikolaev P, Rinzler AG, Tomanek D, Colbert DT, Smalley RE (1995) Self-assembly of tubular fullerenes. J Phys Chem 99:10694–10697
Ebbesen TW, Ajayan PM (1992) Large-scale synthesis of carbon nanotubes. Nature 358:220–222
Dai H (2002) Carbon nanotubes: opportunities and challenges. Surf Sci 500:218–241
Zhao X, Liu Y, Inoue S, Suzuki T, Jones RO, Ando Y (2004) Smallest carbon nanotube is 3Å in diameter. Phys Rev Lett 92:125502
Wen Q, Zhang R, Qian W, Wang Y, Tan P, Nie J, Wei F (2010) Growing 20 cm long DWNTs/TWNTs at a rapid growth rate of 80–90 μm/s. Chem Mater 22:1294–1296
Dresselhaus EMS, Dresselhaus G, Avouris P (2003) Carbon nanotubes:synthesis, structure, properties, and applications. vol 80. Springer Science & Business Media
Reich S, Christian Thomsen JM (2004) Carbon nanotubes: basic concepts and physical properties
Ivchenko EL, Spivak B (2002) Chirality effects in carbon nanotubes. Phys Rev B 66:155404
Nakayama Y, Akita S (2001) Field-emission device with carbon nanotubes for a flat panel display. Synth Met 117:207–210
Varghese OK, Kichambre PD, Gong D, Ong KG, Dickey EC, Grimes CA (2001) Gas sensing characteristics of multi-wall carbon nanotubes. Sensors Actuators B Chem 81:32–41
Jiang W, Xiao S, Zhang H, Dong Y, Li X (2007) Capacitive humidity sensing properties of carbon nanotubes grown on silicon nanoporous pillar array. Sci China Ser E Technol Sci 50:510–515
Gao B, Kleinhammes A, Tang XP, Bower C, Fleming L, Wu Y, Zhou O (1999) Electrochemical intercalation of single-walled carbon nanotubes with lithium. Chem Phys Lett 307:153–157
Saha MS, Li R, Sun X, Ye S (2009) 3-D composite electrodes for high performance PEM fuel cells composed of Pt supported on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes grown on carbon paper. Electrochem Commun 11:438–441
Sun X, Li R, Villers D, Dodelet JP, Désilets S (2003) Composite electrodes made of Pt nanoparticles deposited on carbon nanotubes grown on fuel cell backings. Chem Phys Lett 379:99–104
Ghasempour R, Narei H (2018) 1 - CNT Basics and characteristics. In: Rafiee RBT-CN-RP (ed) Micro and Nano Technologies. Elsevier, pp 1–24
Mashkoor F, Nasar A, Inamuddin, (2020) Carbon nanotube-based adsorbents for the removal of dyes from waters: a review. Environ Chem Lett 18:605–629
Messina G SS (2006) Carbon: the future material for advanced technology applications, p 530. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
Morgan P (2005) Carbon fibers and their composites. Taylor & Francis Group, LLC, p P1200
Cheng H-Y, Zhu Y-A, Sui Z-J, Zhou X-G, Chen D (2012) Modeling of fishbone-type carbon nanofibers with cone-helix structures. Carbon N Y 50:4359–4372
Geim AK, Kim P (2008) Carbon wonderland. Sci Am 298:90–97
Novoselov KS, Geim AK, Morozov S V, Jiang D, Zhang Y, Dubonos SV, Grigorieva I V, Firsov AA (2004) Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films. Science (80- ) 306:666–669
Reina A, Jia X, Ho J, Nezich D, Son H, Bulovic V, Dresselhaus MS, Kong J (2009) Large area, few-layer graphene films on arbitrary substrates by chemical vapor deposition. Nano Lett 9:30–35
Dikin DA, Stankovich S, Zimney EJ, Piner RD, Dommett GHB, Evmenenko G, Nguyen ST, Ruoff RS (2007) Preparation and characterization of graphene oxide paper. Nature 448:457–460
Lotya M, Hernandez Y, King PJ, Smith RJ, Nicolosi V, Karlsson LS, Blighe FM, De S, Wang Z, McGovern IT, Duesberg GS, Coleman JN (2009) Liquid phase production of graphene by exfoliation of graphite in surfactant/water solutions. J Am Chem Soc 131:3611–3620
Geim AK, Novoselov KS (2007) The rise of graphene. Nat Mater 6:183–191
Lee C, Wei X, Kysar JW, Hone J (2008) Measurement of the elastic properties and intrinsic strength of monolayer graphene. Science (80- )321:385–388
Kuzmenko AB, van Heumen E, Carbone F, van der Marel D (2008) Universal optical conductance of graphite. Phys Rev Lett 100:117401
Balandin AA, Ghosh S, Bao W, Calizo I, Teweldebrhan D, Miao F, Lau CN (2008) Superior thermal conductivity of single-layer graphene. Nano Lett 8:902–907
Liu S, Chevali VS, Xu Z, Hui D, Wang H (2017) A review of extending performance of epoxy resins using carbon nanomaterials. Compos Part B Eng 136:197–214
Rizvi SB, Ghaderi S, Keshtgar M, Seifalian AM (2010) Semiconductor quantum dots as fluorescent probes for in vitro and in vivo bio-molecular and cellular imaging. Nano Rev 1:5161
Smith AM, Duan H, Mohs AM, Nie S (2008) Bioconjugated quantum dots for in vivo molecular and cellular imaging. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 60:1226–1240
Arya H, Kaul Z, Wadhwa R, Taira K, Hirano T, Kaul SC (2005) Quantum dots in bio-imaging: revolution by the small. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 329:1173–1177
Rizvi SB, Ghaderi S, Keshtgar M (2010) Semiconductor quantum dots as fluorescent probes for in vitro and in vivo bio-molecular and cellular imaging. Nano Rev 1(10):3402
Baker SN, Baker GA (2010) Luminescent carbon nanodots : emergent nanolights angewandte. Angew Chem Int Ed 49:6726–6744
Hu S-L, Niu K-Y, Sun J, Yang J, Zhao N-Q, Du X-W (2009) One-step synthesis of fluorescent carbon nanoparticles by laser irradiation. J Mater Chem 19:484–488
Ray SC, Saha A, Jana NR, Sarkar R (2009) Fluorescent carbon nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, and bioimaging application. J Phys Chem C 113:18546–18551
Qiao Z-A, Wang Y, Gao Y, Li H, Dai T, Liu Y, Huo Q (2010) Commercially activated carbon as the source for producing multicolor photoluminescent carbon dots by chemical oxidation. Chem Commun 46:8812–8814
Zhou J, Booker C, Li R, Zhou X, Sham T-K, Sun X, Ding Z (2007) An electrochemical avenue to blue luminescent nanocrystals from multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). J Am Chem Soc 129:744–745
Bao L, Zhang Z-L, Tian Z-Q, Zhang L, Liu C, Lin Y, Qi B, Pang D-W (2011) Electrochemical tuning of luminescent carbon nanodots: from preparation to luminescence mechanism. Adv Mater 23:5801–5806
Sahatiya P, Jones SS, Badhulika S (2018) 2D MoS2–carbon quantum dot hybrid based large area, flexible UV–vis–NIR photodetector on paper substrate. Appl Mater Today 10:106–114
Koduvayur Ganeshan S, Selamneni V, Sahatiya P (2020) Water dissolvable MoS2 quantum dots/PVA film as an active material for destructible memristors. New J Chem. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0NJ02053B
Jariwala D, Sangwan VK, Lauhon LJ, Marks TJ, Hersam MC (2013) Carbon nanomaterials for electronics, optoelectronics, photovoltaics, and sensing. Chem Soc Rev 42:2824–2860
Avouris P, Chen Z, Perebeinos V (2007) Carbon-Based Electronics. Nat Nanotech 2:605–615
Ando T, Nakanishi T (1998) Impurity scattering in carbon nanotubes–absence of back scattering. J Phys Soc Japan 67:1704–1713
Zhou X, Park J-Y, Huang S, Liu J, McEuen PL (2005) Band structure, phonon scattering, and the performance limit of single-walled carbon nanotube transistors. Phys Rev Lett 95:146805
Collins PG, Hersam M, Arnold M, Martel R, Avouris P (2001) Current saturation and electrical breakdown in multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Phys Rev Lett 86:3128–3131
Dürkop T, Getty SA, Cobas E, Fuhrer MS (2004) Extraordinary mobility in semiconducting carbon nanotubes. Nano Lett 4:35–39
Léonard F, Tersoff J (2000) Role of fermi-level pinning in nanotube schottky diodes. Phys Rev Lett 84:4693–4696
Chen Z, Appenzeller J, Knoch J, Lin Y (2005) The role of metal−nanotube contact in the performance of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors. Nano Lett 5:1–6
Sangwan VK, Ballarotto VW, Fuhrer MS, Williams ED, Sangwan VK, Ballarotto VW, Fuhrer MS, Williams ED (2014) Facile Fabrication of Suspended As-Grown Carbon Nanotube Devices. 93:113112
Franklin AD, Luisier M, Han S-J, Tulevski G, Breslin CM, Gignac L, Lundstrom MS, Haensch W (2012) Sub-10 nm carbon nanotube transistor. Nano Lett 12:758–762
Hickey BM, Oceanogr P, Emery WJ, Hamilton K, Res JG, Simpson JJ, Lett GR, Ely LL, Enzel Y, Cayan DR, Clim J, Prahl FG, Muehlhausen LA, Zahnle DL, Postma HWC, Teepen T, Yao Z, Grifoni M (2001) Carbon nanotube single-electron transistors at room temperature. Science (80-) 293:76–79
Javey A, Guo J, Wang Q, Lundstrom M, Dai H (2003) Ballistic carbon nanotube field-effect transistors. Nature 424:654–657
Bockrath M, Cobden DH, Lu J (1999) Luttinger-liquid behaviour in carbon nanotubes. Nature 397:598–601
Martel R, Derycke V, Lavoie C, Appenzeller J, Chan KK, Tersoff J, Avouris P (2001) Ambipolar electrical transport in semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes. Phys Rev Lett 87:256805
Snow ES, Novak JP, Campbell PM, Park D, Snow ES, Novak JP, Campbell PM, Park D (2003) Random networks of carbon nanotubes as an electronic material. Appl Phys Lett 82:2145
Topinka MA, Rowell MW, Goldhaber-gordon D, Mcgehee MD, Hecht DS, Gruner G (2009) Charge transport in interpenetrating networks of semiconducting and metallic carbon nanotubes. Nano Lett 9:1866–1871
Collins PG, Arnold MS, Avouris P (2001) Engineering Carbon Nanotubes and Nanotube Circuits Using Electrical Breakdown. Science (80- ) 292:706–709
Separated UH, Wang C, Zhang J, Zhou C (2010) Macroelectronic integrated circuits using high-performance separated carbon nanotube thin-film transistors. ACS Nano 4:7123–7132
Thin-film CN, Sangwan VK, Ortiz RP, Alaboson JMP, Emery JD, Bedzyk MJ, Lauhon LJ, Marks TJ, Hersam MC (2012) Fundamental performance limits of transistors achieved using hybrid molecular dielectrics. ACS Nano 6:7480–7488
Roberts ME, Lemieux MC, Sokolov AN, Bao Z (2009) Self-sorted nanotube networks on polymer dielectrics for low-voltage thin-film transistors. Nano Lett 9:2526–2531
Tans SJ, Verschueren ARM, Dekker C (1998) Room-temperature transistor based on a single carbon nanotube. Nature 393:49–52
Yao Z, Kane CL, Dekker C (2000) High-field electrical transport in single-wall carbon nanotubes. Phys Rev Lett 84:2941–2944
Steiner M, Engel M, Lin Y, Wu Y, Jenkins K, Farmer DB, Humes JJ, Yoder NL, Seo JT, Green AA, Hersam MC, Krupke R, Avouris P, Steiner M, Engel M, Lin Y, Wu Y, Jenkins K, Green AA, Hersam MC, Krupke R, Avouris P (2014) High-frequency performance of scaled carbon nanotube array field-effect transistors. Appl Phys Lett 101:053123
Cao Y, Brady GJ, Gui H, Rutherglen C, Arnold MS, Zhou C (2016) Radio frequency transistors using aligned semiconducting carbon nanotubes with current-gain cutoff frequency and maximum oscillation frequency simultaneously greater than 70 GHz. ACS Nano 10:6782–6790
Zhong D, Shi H, Ding L, Zhao C, Liu J, Zhou J, Zhang Z, Peng L (2019) Carbon nanotube film-based radio frequency transistors with maximum oscillation frequency above 100 GHz. ACS Nano 11:42496–42503
Raimond JM, Brune M, Computation Q, Martini F De, Monroe C (2004) Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films. Science (80- ) 306:666–669
Schwierz F (2010) Graphene transistors. Nat Publ Gr 5:487–496
Neto AHC (2009) The electronic properties of graphene. RevModPhys 81:109–162
Lin Y, Dimitrakopoulos C, Jenkins KA, Farmer DB, Chiu H, Grill A, Avouris P (2010) 100-GHz transistors from wafer-scale epitaxial graphene. Science (80- ) 327:662
Badmaev A, Che Y, Li Z, Wang C, Zhou C (2012) Self-aligned fabrication of graphene RF transistors with T-shaped gate. ACS Nano 6:3371–3376
Guo Z, Dong R, Chakraborty PS, Lourenco N, Palmer J, Hu Y, Ruan M, Hankinson J, Kunc J, Cressler JD, Berger C, De HWA (2013) Record maximum oscillation frequency in C-face epitaxial graphene transistors. Nano Lett 13:942–947
Sur UK (2012) Graphene: a rising star on the horizon of materials science. Int J Electrochem 2012:237689
Khan K, Tareen AK, Aslam M, Wang R, Zhang Y, Mahmood A, Ouyang Z, Zhang H, Guo Z (2020) Recent developments in emerging two-dimensional materials and their applications. J Mater Chem C 8:387–440
Kalavakunda V, Hosmane NS (2016) Mini review graphene and its analogues. Nanotechnol Rev 5:369–376
Kim K, Choi J, Kim T, Cho S, Chung H (2011) A role for graphene in silicon-based semiconductor devices. Nature 479:338–344
Feng X, Zhao X, Yang L, Li M, Qie F, Guo J, Zhang Y, Li T (2018) All carbon materials pn diode. Nat Commun 9:3750
Jariwala D, Sangwan VK, Wu C, Prabhumirashi PL, Geier ML (2013) Gate-tunable carbon nanotube–MoS2 heterojunction p-n diode. PNAS 110:18076–18080
Yang Y, Zhao Q, Feng W, Li F (2013) Luminescent chemodosimeters for bioimaging. ChemRev 113:192–270
Fan Q, Li J, Zhu Y, Yang Z, Shen T, Guo Y, Wang L, Mei T, Wang J, Wang X (2020) Functional carbon quantum dots for highly sensitive graphene transistors for Cu2+ ion detection. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 12:4797–4803
Liu W, Song M, Kong B, Cui Y (2017) Flexible and stretchable energy storage: recent advances and future perspectives. Adv Mater 29:1603436
Khang D-Y, Jiang H, Huang Y, Rogers JA (2006) A stretchable form of single-crystal silicon for high-performance electronics on rubber substrates. Science (80- ) 311:208 LP–212
Nanotube GC, Huang J, Fang J, Liu C, Chu C (2011) Effective work function modulation of graphene/carbon nanotube composite films as transparent cathodes for organic optoelectronics. ACS Nano 5:6262–6271
Cao Q, Hur S-H, Zhu Z-T, Sun YG, Wang C-J, Meitl MA, Shim M, Rogers JA (2006) Highly bendable, transparent thin-film transistors that use carbon-nanotube-based conductors and semiconductors with elastomeric dielectrics. Adv Mater 18:304–309
Aikawa S Transparent all-carbon-nanotube transistors D transparent all-carbon-nanotube transistors, Einarsson E, Thurakitseree T, Chiashi S, Nishikawa E (2012) Deformable transparent all-carbon-nanotube transistors. Appl Phys Lett 100:063502
Sun D, Timmermans MY, Tian Y, Nasibulin AG, Kauppinen EI, Kishimoto S, Mizutani T, Ohno Y (2011) Flexible high-performance carbon nanotube integrated circuits. Nat Nanotech 6:156–161
Sun D, Timmermans MY, Kaskela A, Nasibulin AG, Kishimoto S, Mizutani T, Kauppinen EI, Ohno Y (2013) Mouldable all-carbon integrated circuits. Nat Commun 4:2302
Lu R, Christianson C, Weintrub B, Wu JZ (2013) High photoresponse in hybrid graphene−carbon nanotube infrared detectors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 5:11703–11707
Kim SH, Song W, Jung MW, Kang M, Kim K (2014) Carbon nanotube and graphene hybrid thin film for transparent electrodes and field effect transistors. Adv Mater 26:4247–4252
Tung VC, Chen L, Allen MJ, Wassei JK, Nelson K, Kaner RB, Yang Y (2009) Low-temperature solution processing of graphene-carbon nanotube hybrid materials for high-performance transparent conductors. Nano Lett 9:1949–1955
Yakobson BI, Brabec CJ, Bernholc J (1996) Nanomechanics of carbon tubes: instabilities beyond linear response. Phys Rev Lett 76:2511–2514
Wong EW, Sheehan PE, Lieber CM (1997) Nanobeam mechanics: elasticity, strength, and toughness of nanorods and nanotubes. Science (80-) 277:1971–1975
Selamneni V, Barya P, Deshpande N, Sahatiya P (2019) Low-cost, disposable, flexible, and smartphone enabled pressure sensor for monitoring drug dosage in smart medicine applications. IEEE Sens J 19:11255–11261
Selamneni V, Dave A, Mihailovic P, Mondal S, Sahatiya P (2020) Large area pressure sensor for smart floor sensor applications—an occupancy limiting technology to combat social distancing. IEEE Consum Electron Mag. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCE.2020.3033932
Selamneni V, Dave A, Mihailovic P , Mondal S and Sahatiya P (2020) Large area pressure sensor for smart floor sensor applications—an occupancy limiting technology to combat social distancing. IEEE Consum Electron Mag. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCE.2020.3033932.
Selamneni V, B S A, Sahatiya P(2020) Highly air-stabilized black phosphorus on disposable paper substrate as a tunnelling effect-based highly sensitive piezoresistive strain sensor. Med Dev Sensors 3:e10099
Zhan Z, Lin R, Tran V, An J, Wei Y, Du H, Tran T, Lu W (2017) Paper/carbon nanotube-based wearable pressure sensor for physiological signal acquisition and soft robotic skin. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 9:37921–37928
Sahatiya P, Badhulika S (2016) Solvent-free fabrication of multi-walled carbon nanotube based flexible pressure sensors for ultra-sensitive touch pad and electronic skin applications. RSC Adv 6:95836–95845
Park J, Kim M, Lee Y, Lee HS, Ko H (2015) Fingertip skin–inspired microstructured ferroelectric skins discriminate static / dynamic pressure and temperature stimuli. Sci Adv 1:e1500661
Zhu S, Ghatkesar MK, Zhang C, Janssen GCAM, Zhu S, Ghatkesar K, Zhang C, Janssen GCAM (2013) Graphene based piezoresistive pressure sensor. Appl Phys Lett 102:161904
Yao H, Ge J, Wang C, Wang X, Hu W, Zheng Z (2013) A flexible and highly pressure-sensitive graphene-polyurethane sponge based on fractured microstructure design. Adv Mater 25:6692–6698
Jian M, Xia K, Wang Q, Yin Z, Wang H, Wang C (2017) Flexible and highly sensitive pressure sensors based on bionic hierarchical structures. RSC Adv 9:22740–22748
Tian H, Shu Y, Wang X, Mohammad MA, Bie Z, Xie Q, Li C, Mi W, Yang Y, Ren T (2015) A graphene-based resistive pressure sensor with record-high sensitivity in a wide pressure range. Sci Rep 5:8603
Lee MJ, Hong HP, Min NK, Lee D (2012) A fully-microfabricated SWCNT film strain sensor. J Korean Phys Soc 61:1656–1659
Dharap P, Li Z, Nagarajaiah S (2004) Nanotube film based on single-wall carbon nanotubes for strain sensing. Nanotechnology 15:379–382
Zhang S, Zhang H, Yao G, Liao F, Gao M, Huang Z, Li K, Lin Y (2015) Highly stretchable, sensitive, and flexible strain sensors based on silver nanoparticles/carbon nanotubes composites. J Alloys Compd 652:48–54
Zhao J, He C, Yang R, Shi Z, Cheng M, Yang W, Xie G, Wang D, Shi D, Zhang G (2012) Ultra-sensitive strain sensors based on piezoresistive nanographene films. Appl Phys Lett 101:63112
Li X, Zhang R, Yu W, Wang K, Wei J, Wu D, Cao A, Li Z, Cheng Y, Zheng Q, Ruoff RS, Zhu H (2012) Stretchable and highly sensitive graphene-on-polymer strain sensors. Sci Rep 2:870
Davaji B, Cho HD, Malakoutian M, Lee J, Panin G, Kang TW, Lee CH (2017) A patterned single layer graphene resistance temperature sensor. Sci Rep 7:8811
Sahatiya P, Puttapati SK, Srikanth VVSS, Badhulika S (2016) Graphene-based wearable temperature sensor and infrared photodetector on a flexible polyimide substrate. Flex Print Electron 1:25006
Compagnone D, Di Francia G, Di Natale C, Neri G, Seeber R, Tajani A (2017) Chemical sensors and biosensors in Italy: a review of the 2015 literature. Sensors (Switzerland) 17:1–22
Veeralingam S, Sahatiya P, Badhulika S (2019) Low cost, flexible and disposable SnSe2 based photoresponsive ammonia sensor for detection of ammonia in urine samples. Sens Actuators B Chem 297:126725
Bokka N, Selamneni V, Sahatiya P (2020) A water destructible SnS2 QD/PVA film based transient multifunctional sensor and machine learning assisted stimulus identification for non-invasive personal care diagnostics. Mater Adv. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0ma00573h
Selamneni V, Gohel K, Bokka N, Sharma S, Sahatiya P (2020) MoS2 based Multifunctional sensor for both chemical and physical stimuli and their classification using machine learning algorithms. IEEE Sens J. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2020.3023309
Leelasree T, Selamneni V, Akshaya T, Sahatiya P, Aggarwal H (2020) MOF based flexible, low-cost chemiresistive device as a respiration sensor for sleep apnea diagnosis. J Mater Chem B. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0TB01748E
Sahatiya P, Badhulika S (2016) Graphene hybrid architectures for chemical sensors. Springer, Cham, Switzerland, pp 259–285
Yang S, Jiang C, Wei SH (2017) Gas sensing in 2D materials. Appl Phys Rev 4:021304
Fine GF, Cavanagh LM, Afonja A, Binions R (2010) Metal oxide semi-conductor gas sensors in environmental monitoring. Sensors 10:5469–5502
Zhang J, Liu X, Neri G, Pinna N (2016) Nanostructured materials for room-temperature gas sensors. Adv Mater 28:795–831
Choi S-J, Jang B-H, Lee S-J, Min BK, Rothschild A, Kim I-D (2014) Selective detection of acetone and hydrogen sulfide for the diagnosis of diabetes and halitosis using SnO2 nanofibers functionalized with reduced graphene oxide nanosheets. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 6:2588–2597
Li W, Geng X, Guo Y, Rong J, Gong Y, Wu L, Zhang X, Li P, Xu J, Cheng G, Sun M, Liu L (2011) Reduced graphene oxide electrically contacted graphene sensor for highly sensitive nitric oxide detection. ACS Nano 5:6955–6961
Schedin F, Geim AK, Morozov SV, Hill EW, Blake P, Katsnelson MI, Novoselov KS (2007) Detection of individual gas molecules adsorbed on graphene. Nat Mater 6:652–655
Dan Y, Lu Y, Kybert NJ, Luo Z, Johnson ATC (2009) Intrinsic response of graphene vapor sensors. Nano Lett 9:1472–1475
Rumyantsev S, Liu G, Shur MS, Potyrailo RA, Balandin AA (2012) Selective gas sensing with a single pristine graphene transistor. Nano Lett 12:2294–2298
Gautam M, Jayatissa AH (2012) Detection of organic vapors by graphene films functionalized with metallic nanoparticles. J Appl Phys 112:114326
Yavari F, Chen Z, Thomas AV, Ren W, Cheng H-M, Koratkar N (2011) High sensitivity gas detection using a macroscopic three-dimensional graphene foam network. Sci Rep 1:166
Kumar S, Kaushik S, Pratap R, Raghavan S (2015) Graphene on paper: a simple, low-cost chemical sensing platform. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 7:2189–2194
Park S, Park M, Kim S, Yi S, Kim M, Son J, Cha J, Hong J, Park S, Park M, Kim S, Yi S, Kim M, Son J (2017) NO2 gas sensor based on hydrogenated graphene. Appl Phys Lett 111:213102
Kim YH, Kim SJ, Kim Y-J, Shim Y-S, Kim SY, Hong BH, Jang HW (2015) Self-activated transparent all-graphene gas sensor with endurance to humidity and mechanical bending. ACS Nano 9:10453–10460
Choi H, Choi JS, Kim J-S, Choe J-H, Chung KH, Shin J-W, Kim JT, Youn D-H, Kim K-C, Lee J-I, Choi S-Y, Kim P, Choi C-G, Yu Y-J (2014) Flexible and transparent gas molecule sensor integrated with sensing and heating graphene layers. Small 10:3685–3691
Robinson JT, Perkins FK, Snow ES, Wei Z, Sheehan PE (2008) Reduced graphene oxide molecular sensors. Nano Lett 8:3137–3140
Dua V, Surwade SP, Ammu S, Agnihotra SR, Jain S, Roberts KE, Park S, Ruoff RS, Manohar SK (2010) All-organic vapor sensor using inkjet-printed reduced graphene oxide. Angew Chemie Int Ed 49:2154–2157
Chung MG, Kim DH, Seo DK, Kim T, Im HU, Lee HM, Yoo JB, Hong SH, Kang TJ, Kim YH (2012) Flexible hydrogen sensors using graphene with palladium nanoparticle decoration. Sens Actuators B Chem 169:387–392
Khalaf AL, Mohamad FS, Rahman NA, Lim HN, Paiman S, Yusof NA, Mahdi MA, Yaacob MH (2017) Room temperature ammonia sensor using side-polished optical fiber coated with graphene/polyaniline nanocomposite. Opt Mater Express 7:1858–1870
Deng S, Tjoa V, Fan HM, Tan HR, Sayle DC, Olivo M, Mhaisalkar S, Wei J, Sow CH (2012) Reduced Graphene oxide conjugated Cu2O nanowire mesocrystals for high-performance NO2 gas sensor. J Am Chem Soc 134:4905–4917
Al-Mashat L, Shin K, Kalantar-zadeh K, Plessis JD, Han SH, Kojima RW, Kaner RB, Li D, Gou X, Ippolito SJ, Wlodarski W (2010) Graphene/polyaniline nanocomposite for hydrogen sensing. J Phys Chem C 114:16168–16173
Jeong HY, Lee DS, Choi HK, Lee DH, Kim JE, Lee JY, Lee WJ, Kim SO, Choi SY (2010) Flexible room-temperature NO2 gas sensors based on carbon nanotubes/reduced graphene hybrid films. Appl Phys Lett 96:2010–2013
Yang W, Wan P, Zhou X, Hu J, Guan Y, Feng L (2014) Additive-Free Synthesis Of In2O3 cubes embedded into graphene sheets and their enhanced NO2 sensing performance at room temperature. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 6:21093–21100
Zhang D, Chang H, Li P, Liu R (2016) Characterization of nickel oxide decorated-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite and its sensing properties toward methane gas detection. J Mater Sci Mater Electron 27:3723–3730
Kraus F, Cruz S, Müller J (2003) Plasmapolymerized silicon organic thin films from HMDSN for capacitive humidity sensors. Sens Actuators B Chem 88:300–311
Rittersma ZM (2002) Recent achievements in miniaturised humidity sensors-a review of transduction techniques. Sensors Actuators a 96:196–210
Varghese OK, Grimes CA (2003) Metal oxide nanoarchitectures for environmental sensing. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 3:277–293
Rittersma ZM, Splinter A, Bodecker A, Benecke W (2000) A novel surface-micromachined capacitive porous silicon humidity sensor. Sens Actuators B 68:210–217
Björkqvist M, Salonen J, Paski J, Laine E (2004) Characterization of thermally carbonized porous silicon humidity sensor. Sens Actuators a Phys 112:244–247
Chu J, Peng X, Feng P, Sheng Y, Zhang J (2013) Sensors and actuators B: chemical Study of humidity sensors based on nanostructured carbon films produced by physical vapor deposition. Sens Actuators B Chem 178:508–513
Jin H, Tao X, Feng B, Yu L, Wang D, Dong S (2017) A humidity sensor based on quartz crystal microbalance using graphene oxide as a sensitive layer. Vaccum 140:101–105
Kumar U, Yadav BC (2019) Development of humidity sensor using modified curved MWCNT based thin film with DFT calculations. Sens Actuators B Chem 288:399–407
Borini S, White R, Wei D, Astley M, Haque S, Spigone E, Harris N (2013) Ultrafast graphene oxide humidity sensors. ACS Nano 7:11166–11173
Dresselhaus BMS, Terrones M (2013) Carbon-based nanomaterials from a historical perspective. Proc IEEE 101:1522–1535
Wang Y, Huang K, Wu X (2017) Recent advances in transition-metal dichalcogenides based electrochemical biosensors: a review. Biosens Bioelectron 97:305–316
Arvizo RR, Bhattacharyya S, Kudgus RA, Giri K, Bhattacharya RMP (2012) Intrinsic therapeutic applications of noble metal nanoparticles: past, present and future. Chem Soc Rev 41:2943–2970
Kwon SJ, Bard AJ (2012) DNA analysis by application of Pt nanoparticle electrochemical amplification with single label response. J Am Chem Soc 134:10777–10779
Wu S, He Q, Tan C, Wang Y, Zhang H (2013) Graphene-based electrochemical sensors. Small 9:1160–1172
Kochmann S, Hirsch T, Wolfbeis OS (2012) Graphenes in chemical sensors and biosensors. TrAC Trends Anal Chem 39:87–113
Balasubramanian RK, Burghard M (2006) Biosensors based on carbon nanotubes. Anal Bioanal Chem 385:452–468
Wang J, Lin Y (2008) Functionalized carbon nanotubes and nanofibers for biosensing applications. Trends Analyt Chem 27:619–626
Griese S, Kampouris DK, Kadara RO, Banks CE (2008) A critical review of the electrocatalysis reported at C60 modified electrodes. Electroanalysis 20:1507–1512
Tang X, Liu Y, Hou H, You T (2010) Electrochemical determination of L -Tryptophan, L -Tyrosine and L-Cysteine using electrospun carbon nanofibers modified electrode. Talanta 80:2182–2186
Nguyen HV, Richtera L, Moulick A, Xhaxhiu K, Kudr J, Cernei N, Polanska H, Heger Z, Masarik M, Kopel P, Stiborova M, Eckschlager T, Adam V, Kizek R (2016) Electrochemical sensing of etoposide using carbon quantum dot modified glassy carbon electrode. Analyst 141:2665–2675
Santhanam KSV, Ajayan PM (1996) Carbon nanotube electrode for oxidation of dopamine. Bioelectrochemistry Bioenerg 41:121–125
Luo H, Shi Z, Li N, Gu Z, Zhuang Q (2001) Investigation of the electrochemical and electrocatalytic behavior of single-wall carbon nanotube film on a glassy carbon electrode. Anal Chem 73:915–920
Joshi KA, Tang J, Haddon R, Wang J, Chen W, Mulchandani A (2005) A disposable biosensor for organophosphorus nerve agents based on carbon nanotubes modified thick film strip electrode. Electroanalysis 17:54–58
Lefrant S, Baibarac M, Baltog I, Mevellec JY, Mihut L, Chauvet O (2004) SERS spectroscopy studies on the electrochemical oxidation of single-walled carbon nanotubes in sulfuric acid solutions. Synth Met 144:133–142
Rakhi RB, Sethupathi K, Ramaprabhu S (2009) A Glucose biosensor based on deposition of glucose oxidase onto crystalline gold nanoparticle modified carbon nanotube electrode. J Phys Chem B 113:3190–3194
Qiu J-D, Huang J, Liang R-P (2011) Nanocomposite film based on graphene oxide for high performance flexible glucose biosensor. Sens Actuators B Chem 160:287–294
Lu W, Luo Y, Chang G, Sun X (2011) Synthesis of functional SiO2-coated graphene oxide nanosheets decorated with Ag nanoparticles for H2O2 and glucose detection. Biosens Bioelectron 26:4791–4797
Shan C, Yang H, Han D, Zhang Q, Ivaska A, Niu L (2010) Graphene/AuNPs/chitosan nanocomposites film for glucose biosensing. Biosens Bioelectron 25:1070–1074
Liu Y, Yu D, Zeng C, Miao Z, Dai L (2010) Biocompatible graphene oxide-based glucose biosensors. Langmuir 26:6158–6160
Wu P, Shao Q, Hu Y, Jin J, Yin Y, Zhang H, Cai C (2010) Direct electrochemistry of glucose oxidase assembled on graphene and application to glucose detection. Electrochim Acta 55:8606–8614
Chen Y, Li Y, Sun D, Tian D, Zhang J, Zhu J-J (2011) Fabrication of gold nanoparticles on bilayer graphene for glucose electrochemical biosensing. J Mater Chem 21:7604–7611
Wang K, Liu Q, Guan Q-M, Wu J, Li H-N, Yan J-J (2011) Enhanced direct electrochemistry of glucose oxidase and biosensing for glucose via synergy effect of graphene and CdS nanocrystals. Biosens Bioelectron 26:2252–2257
Sun J-Y, Huang K-J, Fan Y, Wu Z-W, Li D-D (2011) Glassy carbon electrode modified with a film composed of Ni(II), quercetin and graphene for enzyme-less sensing of glucose. Microchim Acta 174:289
Lee J-S (2011) Progress in non-volatile memory devices based on nanostructured materials and nanofabrication. J Mater Chem 21:14097–14112
Sawa A (2008) Resistive switching in transition metal oxides. Mater Today 11:28–36
Waser R, Aono M (2007) Nanoionics-based resistive switching memories. Nat Mater 6:833–840
Lee M, Han S, Jeon SH, Park BH, Kang BS, Ahn S, Kim KH, Lee CB, Kim CJ, Yoo I, Seo DH, Li X, Park J, Lee J, Park Y (2009) Electrical manipulation of nanofilaments in transition-metal oxides for resistance-based memory. Nano Lett 9:1476–1481
Waser R, Dittmann R, Staikov G, Szot K (2009) Redox-based resistive switching memories–nanoionic mechanisms, prospects, and challenges. Adv Mater 21:2632–2663
Watanabe Y, Bednorz JG, Bietsch A, Gerber C, Widmer D, Beck A, Wind SJ, Watanabe Y, Bednorz JG, Bietsch A, Gerber C, Widmer D, Beck A (2001) Current-driven insulator–conductor transition and nonvolatile memory in chromium-doped SrTiO3 single crystals Current-driven insulator–conductor transition and nonvolatile memory in chromium-doped SrTiO3 single crystals. Appl Phys Lett 78:3738
Seo S, Lee MJ, Seo DH, Jeoung EJ, Suh D, Seo S, Lee MJ, Seo DH, Jeoung EJ, Suh D, Joung YS, Yoo IK (2004) Reproducible resistance switching in polycrystalline NiO films. Appl Phys Lett 85:5655
Beck A, Bednorz JG, Gerber C, Rossel C, Widmer D, Beck A, Bednorz JG, Gerber C, Rossel C, Widmer D (2000) Reproducible switching effect in thin oxide films for memory applications. Appl Phys Lett 77:139
Rani.A and Kim D.H. (2016) A mechanistic study on graphene-based nonvolatile ReRAM devices. J Mater Chem C 4:11007–11031
Hlee Ã, Hen PC, Ang CW, Aikap SM (2007) Low-Power Switching of nonvolatile resistive memory using hafnium oxide low-power switching of nonvolatile resistive memory using hafnium oxide. Jpn J Appl Phys 46:2175–2179
Yalagala B, Sahatiya P, Mattela V, Badhulika S (2019) Ultra-low cost, large area graphene/MoS2-based piezotronic memristor on paper: a systematic study for both direct current and alternating current inputs. ACS Appl Electron Mater 1:883–891
Tsai C, Xiong F, Pop E, Shim M, Science M, Seitz F, Engineering C, States U (2013) Resistive random access memory enabled by carbon nanotube. ACS Nano 7:5360–5366
Yang P, Chang W, Teng P, Jeng S, Lin S, Chiu P, He J (2013) Fully transparent resistive memory employing graphene electrodes for eliminating undesired surface effects. Proc IEEE 101:1732–1739
Selamneni V, Nerurkar N, Sahatiya P (2020) Large area deposition of MoSe2 on paper as a flexible near-infrared photodetector. IEEE Sens Lett 4:1–4
Sahatiya P, Solomon Jones S, Thanga Gomathi P, Badhulika S (2017) Flexible substrate based 2D ZnO (n)/graphene (p) rectifying junction as enhanced broadband photodetector using strain modulation. 2D Mater 4:25053
Veerla RS, Sahatiya P, Badhulika S (2017) Fabrication of a flexible UV photodetector and disposable photoresponsive uric acid sensor by direct writing of ZnO pencil on paper. J Mater Chem C 5:10231–10240
Selamneni V, Koduvayur Ganeshan S, Sahatiya P (2020) All MoS2 based 2D/0D localized unipolar heterojunctions as a flexible broadband (UV-Vis-NIR) photodetector. J Mater Chem C. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0TC02651D
Yang D, Ma D (2019) Development of organic semiconductor photodetectors: from mechanism to applications. Adv Opt Mater 7:1800522
Selamneni V, Sahatiya P (2020) Bolometric effect enhanced ultrafast graphene based do-it-yourself wearable respiration sensor for personal healthcare monitoring. IEEE Sens J 20:3452–3459
Sahatiya P, Badhulika S (2017) Strain-modulation-assisted enhanced broadband photodetector based on large-area, flexible, few-layered Gr/MoS2 on cellulose paper. Nanotechnology 28:455204
Joshna P, Gollu SR, Raj PMP, Rao BVVSNP, Sahatiya P, Kundu S (2019) Plasmonic Ag nanoparticles arbitrated enhanced photodetection in p-NiO/n-rGO heterojunction for future self-powered UV photodetectors. Nanotechnology 30:365201
Sahatiya P, Shinde A, Badhulika S (2018) Pyro-phototronic nanogenerator based on flexible 2D ZnO/graphene heterojunction and its application in self-powered near infrared photodetector and active analog frequency modulation. Nanotechnology 29:325205
Sahatiya P, Badhulika S (2016) UV/ozone assisted local graphene (p)/ZnO(n) heterojunctions as a nanodiode rectifier. J Phys D Appl Phys 49:265101
Sahatiya P, Gopalakrishnan A, Badhulika S (2017) Paper based large area Graphene/MoS2 visible light photodetector. In: 2017 IEEE 17th International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO), pp 728–730
Ma L, Ouyang J, Yang Y (2004) High-speed and high-current density C60 diodes. Appl Phys Lett 84:4786–4788
Szendrei K, Cordella F, Kovalenko MV, Böberl M, Hesser G, Yarema M, Jarzab D, Mikhnenko OV, Gocalinska A, Saba M, Quochi F, Mura A, Bongiovanni G, Blom PWM, Heiss W, Loi MA (2009) Solution-Processable near-IR photodetectors based on electron transfer from PbS nanocrystals to fullerene derivatives. Adv Mater 21:683–687
Guo F, Xiao Z, Huang J (2013) Photodetectors: fullerene photodetectors with a linear dynamic range of 90 dB enabled by a cross-linkable buffer layer (Advanced Optical Materials 4/2013). Adv Opt Mater 1:275
Zhang Q, Jie J, Diao S, Shao Z, Zhang Q, Wang L, Deng W, Hu W, Xia H, Yuan X, Lee S-T (2015) Solution-processed graphene quantum dot deep-UV photodetectors. ACS Nano 9:1561–1570
Tang L, Ji R, Li X, Bai G, Liu CP, Hao J, Lin J, Jiang H, Teng KS, Yang Z, Lau SP (2014) Deep ultraviolet to near-infrared emission and photoresponse in layered N-doped graphene quantum dots. ACS Nano 8:6312–6320
Rao F, Liu X, Li T, Zhou Y, Wang Y (2009) The synthesis and fabrication of horizontally aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes suspended across wide trenches for infrared detecting application. Nanotechnology 20:55501
Liu Y, Wei N, Zeng Q, Han J, Huang H, Zhong D, Wang F, Ding L, Xia J, Xu H, Ma Z, Qiu S, Li Q, Liang X, Zhang Z, Wang S, Peng L-M (2016) Room temperature broadband infrared carbon nanotube photodetector with high detectivity and stability. Adv Opt Mater 4:238–245
He X, Fujimura N, Lloyd JM, Erickson KJ, Talin AA, Zhang Q, Gao W, Jiang Q, Kawano Y, Hauge RH, Léonard F, Kono J (2014) Carbon nanotube terahertz detector. Nano Lett 14:3953–3958
Liu Y, Wang F, Wang X, Wang X, Flahaut E, Liu X, Li Y, Wang X, Xu Y, Shi Y, Zhang R (2015) Planar carbon nanotube–graphene hybrid films for high-performance broadband photodetectors. Nat Commun 6:8589
Lu R, Christianson C, Weintrub B, Wu JZ (2013) High photoresponse in hybrid graphene-carbon nanotube infrared detectors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 5:11703–11707
Kang P, Wang MC, Knapp PM, Nam S (2016) Crumpled graphene photodetector with enhanced, strain-tunable, and wavelength-selective photoresponsivity. Adv Mater 28:4639–4645
Mueller T, Xia F, Avouris P (2010) Graphene photodetectors for high-speed optical communications. Nat Photonics 4:297–301
Kim CO, Hwang SW, Kim S, Shin DH, Kang SS, Kim JM, Jang CW, Kim JH, Lee KW, Choi S-H, Hwang E (2014) High-performance graphene-quantum-dot photodetectors. Sci Rep 4:5603
Gomathi PT, Sahatiya P, Badhulika S (2017) Large-area, flexible broadband photodetector based on ZnS–MoS2 hybrid on paper substrate. Adv Funct Mater 27:1701611
Sahatiya P, Badhulika S (2015) One-step in situ synthesis of single aligned graphene–ZnO nanofiber for UV sensing. RSC Adv 5:82481–82487
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge support from the Research Initiation Grant (RIG and ACRG), Birla Institute of Technology Pilani, Hyderabad Campus.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Selamneni, V., Bokka, N., Adepu, V., Sahatiya, P. (2021). Carbon Nanomaterials for Emerging Electronic Devices and Sensors. In: Hazra, A., Goswami, R. (eds) Carbon Nanomaterial Electronics: Devices and Applications. Advances in Sustainability Science and Technology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1052-3_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1052-3_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-16-1051-6
Online ISBN: 978-981-16-1052-3
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)