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Role of Phytohormones-Producing Fungal Endophytes in Plant–Microbial Interactions Under Stress

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Endophytes

Abstract

In nature microbes live in a highly interactive, interdependent and multi-trophic syndicate. Plant microbiome connotes myriad of interactions (symbiotic, synergistic, commensalistic, ammensalistic and parasitic) between host and its associated microbes, i.e. fungi, bacteria, virus, algae and protists. Endophytes live in balanced antagonism with their host plants. It is a cohabiting arrangement wherein endophytes confer various plant growth-promoting attributes to their hosts. Drought, high salinity, metal toxicity and temperature extremities are abiotic stresses hampering plant’s growth and development. Defensive strategies adapted by plants induce cascade of signals ranging from phytohormones to secretion of osmolytes. Endophytic microbes cause phytohormone-based signalling modulation in host plants. This specialized cross-kingdom phytohormonal interplay originated by both hosts (plants) and guests (endophytes) functions in harmony to circumvent abiotic and biotic stresses. In the present review it was found that 14 different types of bioactive gibberellins from different endophytic fungi have been described in literature. Highest quantity of gibberellic acid (GA4—612 ng/mL) was produced by Penicillium commune, while the highest indole acetic acid yield (76.9 μg/mL) was secreted by Galactomyces formosus. Roots are the most explored plant tissue for isolation of phytohormone-producing endophytes. Penicillium spp. have been the most commonly reported phytohormones-producing endophytes. Synthesis and signalling pathways of salicylic acid, abscisic acid and jasmonic acid have been known to be influenced by endophytes under stress conditions. However, endophytic fungi capable of producing phytohormones such as brassinosteroids, strigolactones and ethylene are yet to be identified.

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Acknowledgements

Kanika Chowdhary dedicates this chapter to “Uncle Luis and Aunt Theresa” from Viladecans, Barcelona for their encouragement and support. KC received funding from DST WOS (B) file no. DST/WOS-B/2018/1858. Andreea Cosoveanu is thankful for the financial assistance to RMRI as this work was supported by a grant of the Romanian Ministry of Research and Innovation, CCCDI UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P1-1.2-PCCDI-2017-03-01/28PCCDI/2018.

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  1. Andreea Cosoveanu and Kanika Chowdhary have contributed equally in this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research—Development Institute for Plant Protection, Bucharest, Romania

    Andreea Cosoveanu

  2. Centre for Rural Development and Technology, IIT-Delhi, Delhi, India

    Kanika Chowdhary & Satyawati Sharma

  3. Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain

    Raimundo Cabrera

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  1. Andreea Cosoveanu
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  2. Kanika Chowdhary
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  3. Raimundo Cabrera
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  4. Satyawati Sharma
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, R. C. Patel Arts, Commerce and Science College, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India

    Ravindra H. Patil

  2. School of Life Sciences, KBC North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India

    Vijay L. Maheshwari

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Cosoveanu, A., Chowdhary, K., Cabrera, R., Sharma, S. (2021). Role of Phytohormones-Producing Fungal Endophytes in Plant–Microbial Interactions Under Stress. In: Patil, R.H., Maheshwari, V.L. (eds) Endophytes. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9371-0_10

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