Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Graphene-Based Biopolymer and Nano Composites: Fabrication, Characterization, and Applications

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Graphene Based Biopolymer Nanocomposites

Part of the book series: Composites Science and Technology ((CST))

Abstract

Composites materials are most favourable used over conventional materials. Incorporation of varying fillers in bio polymers improves the properties of its associated composites. Now days different types of graphene phases are used as fillers in varying bio-polymers. In this book chapter different fabrication, characterization and application of graphene-based biopolymer nano composites are discussed. Apart from these the chapter also discussed about the type of graphene used in biopolymers. This chapter also discussed about the thermal and electric properties of graphene-based nanocomposites. Besides it how fabrication techniques and concentration of graphene fillers affect the properties of graphene based nano composites. The morphological study of graphene based nano composites clearly indicates that the dispersion of graphene nano fillers depends upon the fabrication technique. As graphene is used in a nano fillers form so it can be dispersed and mold easily with biopolymer in any complicated shape very easily.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 139.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Mohan VB, Lau KT, Hui D, Bhattacharyya D (2018) Graphene-based materials and their composites: a review on production, applications and product limitations. Compos B 142:200–220

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Geim AK, Novoselov KS (2007) The rise of graphene. Nat Mater 6(3):183–191

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Castro Neto AH, Guinea F, Peres NMR, Novoselov KS, Geim AK (2009) The electronic properties of graphene. Rev Mod Phys 81(1):109–162

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Hung P-y, Lau K-t, Fox B, Hameed N, Lee JH, Hui D (2018) Surface modification of carbon fibre using graphene–related materials for multifunctional composites. Compos B Eng 133:240–257

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Pati MK, Pattojoshi P, Roy GS (2016) Synthesis of graphene-based nanocomposite and investigations of its thermal and electrical properties. J Nanotechnol https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/5135420

  6. Becerril HA, Mao J, Liu Z, Stoltenberg RM, Bao Z, Chen Y (2008) Evaluation of solution-processed reduced graphene oxide films as transparent conductors. ACS Nano 2(3):463–470

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Stankovich S, Dikin DA, Piner RD, Kohlhass KA, Klienhammes A, Jia Y, Wu Y, Nguyen ST, Ruoff RS (2007) Synthesis of graphene-based nanosheets via chemical reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide. Carbon 45(7):1558–1565

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Novoselov KS, Jiang D, Schedin F, Booth TJ, Khotkevich VV, Morozov SV, Geim AK (2005) Two-dimensional atomic crystal. Geim. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:10451–10453

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Blake P, Brimicombe PD, Nair RR, Booth TJ, Jiang D, Schedin F, Ponomarenko LA, Morozov SV, Gleeson HF, Hill EW, Geim AK, Novoselov KS (2008) Graphene based liquid crystal display. Nano Lett 8(6):1704–1708

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Wang M, Yan C, Ma L (2012) Graphene nanocomposites. Web Sci. https://doi.org/10.5772/50840

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Li X, Xiao Y, Bergeret A, Longerey M, Che J (2014) Preparation of polylactide/graphene composites from liquid-phase exfoliated graphite sheets. Poly Compos. 10.1002/pc.22673

    Google Scholar 

  12. Loeffen A, Cree D, Sabzevari M, Wilson Lee (2018) Graphene oxide reinforced bio-epoxy polymers. Conference: Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering (CSME) International Congress. https://doi.org/10.25071/10315/35411

  13. Barett JSF, Abdala AA, Srienc F (2018) Poly(hydroxyalkanoate) elastomers and their graphene nanocomposites. Macromolecules. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma500022x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Botta L, Scaffaro R, Sutera F, Mistretta MC (2017) Reprocessing of PLA/graphene nanoplatelets nanocomposites. Polym. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10010018

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Gao Y, Picot OT, Bilotti E, Peijs T (2016) Influence of filler size on the properties of poly(lactic acid) (pla)/graphene nanoplatelet (gnp) nanocomposites. Eur Polym J. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.10.045

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Wang H, Qiu Z (2012) Crystallization kinetics and morphology of biodegradable poly(l-lactic acid)/graphene oxide nanocomposites: Influences of graphene oxide loading and crystallization temperature. Thermochim Acta 527:40–46

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Shen Y, Dasari A (2012) Chemical and thermal reduction of graphene oxide and its electrically conductive polylactic acid nanocomposites. Compos Sci Techno 72:1430–1435

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Mortazavi B, Hassouna F, Laachachi A, Rajabpour A, Ahzi S, Chapron D, Toniazzo V, Ruch D (2013) Experimental and multiscale modeling of thermal conductivity and elastic properties of PLA/expanded graphite polymer nanocomposites. Thermochimica 552: 106–113

    Google Scholar 

  19. Han SO, Karevan M, Bhuiyan MdA, Park JH, Kalaitzidou K (2011) Effect of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets on the mechanical and viscoelastic properties of poly (lactic acid) biocomposites reinforced with kenaf fibers. J Mater Sci 47:3535–3543

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Ray SC (2015) Application and uses of graphene. 10.1016/B978-0-323-37521-4.00001-7

    Google Scholar 

  21. Bae S et al (2010) Roll-to-roll production of 30-inch graphene films for transparent electrodes. Nat Nanotech 5:574–578

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Rouf TB, Kokini JL (2016) Biodegradable biopolymer–graphene nanocomposites. J Mater Sci. 10.1007/s10853-016-0238-4

    Google Scholar 

  23. Zhang HB, Zheng WG, Yan Q et al (2010) Electrically conductive polyethylene terephthalate/graphene nanocomposites prepared by melt compounding. Polym 51:1191–1196

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Sridhar V, Lee I, Chun HH, Park H (2012) Graphene reinforced biodegradable poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) nano-composites. eXPRESS Polym Lett 7(4):320–328

    Google Scholar 

  25. Das TK, Prusty S (2013) Graphene-based polymer composites and their applications. Polym Plast Tech Eng 52(4):319–331

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Wanga WP, Pana CY (2004) Preparation and characterization of polystyrene/graphite composite prepared by cationic grafting polymerization. Polym 45:3987–3995

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Kalaitzidou K, Fukushima H, Drzal LT (2007) A new compounding method for exfoliated graphite-polypropylene nanocomposites with enhanced flexural properties and lower percolation threshold. Compos Sci Technol 67:2045–2051

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Kim SK, Kim NH, Lee JH (2006) Effects of the addition of multiwalled carbon nanotubes on the positive temperature coefficient characteristics of carbon-black-filled high density polyethylene nanocomposites. Scripta Mater 55:1119–1122

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Asmatulu R, Khan WS, Ceylan M (2014) Synthesis and analysis of injection-molded nanocomposites of recycled high-density polyethylene incorporated with graphene nanoflakes. Polym Compos. 10.1002/pc.23063

    Google Scholar 

  30. Potts JR, Dreyer DR, Bielawski CW, Ruoff RS (2011) Graphene-Based Polymer Nanocomposites. Polymer 52:5–25

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Liang J, Huang Y, Zhang L, Wang Y, Ma Y, Guo T et al (2009) Molecular-level dispersion of graphene into poly(vinyl alcohol) and effective reinforcement of their nanocomposites. Adv Funct Mater 19:2297–2302

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Mu Q, Feng S (2007) Thermal conductivity of graphite/silicone rubber prepared by solution intercalation. Thermochim Acta 462:70–75

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Shen JW, Chen XM, Huang WY (2002) Structure and electrical properties of grafted polypropylene/graphite nanocomposites prepared by solution intercalation. J Appl Polym 88:1864–1869

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Abdala A, Iqbal M, Barrett J, Srienc F (2013) Synthesis of poly-(R)-3-hydroxyalkanoic acids (PHA) and their graphene nanocomposites. American Chemical Society. Div Polym Chem 53:305–306

    Google Scholar 

  35. Norazlina H, Kamal Y (2015) Graphene modifications in polylactic acid nanocomposites: a review. Polym Bull 72:931–961

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Jang JY, Kim MS, Jeong HM, Shin CM (2009) Graphite oxide/poly (methyl methacrylate) nanocomposites prepared by a novel method utilizing macroazo initiator. Compos Sci Technol 69:186–191

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Zhang J, Zhang C, Madbouly SA (2015) In situ polymerization of bio-based thermosetting polyurethane/graphene oxide nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 132:41751

    Google Scholar 

  38. Lawal AT (2019) Graphene-based nano composites and their applications. A review. Biosens Bioelectron 141: 111384

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. MPAE Division, Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, Delhi, India

    Ankit Manral

  2. Mechanical Engineering Department, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, New Delhi, 110078, India

    Rahul Joshi & Pramendra Kumar Bajpai

Authors
  1. Ankit Manral
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Rahul Joshi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Pramendra Kumar Bajpai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ankit Manral .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Bhasha Sharma

  2. Department of Chemistry, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Purnima Jain

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Manral, A., Joshi, R., Bajpai, P.K. (2021). Graphene-Based Biopolymer and Nano Composites: Fabrication, Characterization, and Applications. In: Sharma, B., Jain, P. (eds) Graphene Based Biopolymer Nanocomposites. Composites Science and Technology . Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9180-8_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation