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Probes for Detection of Free Radicles

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Nanobiosensors for Agricultural, Medical and Environmental Applications

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Abstract

Reactive species are reactive molecules, having one or two lone pairs that are naturally generated in biological environment via endogenous and exogenous method. These are non-avoidable by-product, highly reactive which are mainly produced by the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) of mitochondria by aerobic respiration. In this chapter, we explore the multi-faceted pathological roles of ROS in the living cell. These reactive species have bimodal action in both physiological and pathological processes. In regard to the good side of ROS, it plays a significant role in signaling, immune response, homeostasis, cell growth, signal transduction, and other physiological responses. Along with the good side, it has also the potential bad side, abnormal concentrations of these reactive molecules lead to the interference in redox homeostasis, which can induce oxidative stress, damaging intracellular components, and alter protein expression. The ugly effects of these mitochondrial reactive species can lead to devastating cardiomyopathies, pulmonary disorder, and neurodegenerative diseases. Various approaches have been developed so far for the detection of ROS but due to their short life span and low availability in biological system, these approaches are not very specific. In recent study, many fluorescent and mitochondrial targeting probes came into existence and these probes have the potential ability to quantified these free radicals very rapidly and efficiently. Furthermore, in this chapter, we focus on various methods like synthetic sensors, florescent probes, chemiluminescent probes, fiber optic sensors, electrochemical probes, and various alternative approaches that are used to analyze and quantify free radicals in vivo.

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Acknowledgments

The first author (NA) is thankful to the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Govt. of India for grants Senior Research Fellowship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India

    Neha Agrawal & Mohd. Mohsin

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  1. Neha Agrawal
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  2. Mohd. Mohsin
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Correspondence to Mohd. Mohsin .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Mohd. Mohsin

  2. Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Ruphi Naz

  3. Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Altaf Ahmad

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Agrawal, N., Mohsin, M. (2020). Probes for Detection of Free Radicles. In: Mohsin, M., Naz, R., Ahmad, A. (eds) Nanobiosensors for Agricultural, Medical and Environmental Applications. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8346-9_11

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