Abstract
Nanotechnology is an interdisciplinary stream of science which deals with the synthesis and application of nanoparticles (NPs) ranging from 1 to 100 nm. Nanotechnology is seen as a new tool for the various problems faced in agriculture and other allied sectors. Agriculture system is facing problems like generation of resistance among microbes due to excessive use of pesticides and deteriorating soil health by the abundant use of fertilizers, exhibiting damaging effect on the environment. A large quantum of applied fertilizers and pesticides get lost in the surrounding and not consumed by plants which limit the use of conventional methods. Nanoscience could be the potential solution to these limitations because bioactive compounds are encapsulated here and release at a controlled rate, providing input use efficiency. Diseases could be easily detected by the use of nanosensors at an early stage and thus also be controlled at the earliest for better productivity. Various disease controlling products are in use, such as nano-pesticides, nano-fungicides and nano-bactericides, to protect the crops from various kinds of biological stresses caused by different microorganisms. Small surface area to volume ratio of NPs contributes to their better absorption ability. Post-harvest techniques using nanosensors help check food quality with better packaging and transport which results in reduced post-harvest losses. The agriculture sector also contributes to a large amount of agriculture waste which is being transformed using nanomaterials and put into efficient use. Productivity in agriculture has been improved using nanobiotechnology by the use of nanocarriers to transfer the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) fragment at the proper site and to bring the desired result. Thus, nanomaterials contribute to improved nutrients use efficiency. This chapter entails the use of nanomaterials in improving soil health, plant productivity, disease detection, control and treatment, genetic transformation, post-harvest value addition, and reducing agriculture waste. Along with these benefits, nanomaterials may cause harm to the environment, so proper hazard assessment and regulations should be brought in for the optimal use of nanotechnology. Use of nanomaterials can result in the achievement of sustainable agriculture, thus, could be promoted with proper regulation in place.
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Abbreviations
- Ag:
-
Silver
- Au:
-
Gold
- CaO:
-
Calcium oxide
- CO2:
-
Carbon dioxide
- Cu:
-
Copper
- DNA:
-
Deoxyribonucleic acid
- Fe:
-
Iron
- FeO:
-
Iron oxide
- Gt:
-
Gigatons
- LDH:
-
Layered double hydroxide
- MgO:
-
Magnesium oxide
- MWCNTs:
-
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes
- NBS:
-
Nano-biosensor
- Ni:
-
Nickel
- nm:
-
Nanometer
- NPs:
-
Nanoparticles
- QDs:
-
Quantum dots
- RNA:
-
Ribonucleic acid
- ROS:
-
Reactive oxygen species
- RUE:
-
Resource use efficiency
- Si:
-
Silicon
- SiO2:
-
Silicon dioxide
- SWCNTs:
-
Single-walled carbon nanotubes
- TiO2:
-
Titanium dioxide
- Zn:
-
Zinc
- ZnO:
-
Zinc oxide
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Rani, A. et al. (2020). Nanomaterials for Agriculture Input Use Efficiency. In: Kumar, S., Meena, R.S., Jhariya, M.K. (eds) Resources Use Efficiency in Agriculture. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6953-1_5
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