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Biocompatible Fluorescent Nanomaterials for Molecular Imaging Applications

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Nanomaterial - Based Biomedical Applications in Molecular Imaging, Diagnostics and Therapy

Abstract

Fluorescence imaging by making use of promising fluorescent contrast agents allows noninvasive, sensitive, and real-time detection of biological events. In the past, imaging was done using conventional organic fluorophores, viz., organic dyes which suffer from photobleaching and spectral cross talk; cellular intolerance thus makes it difficult to use them for in vivo detection. Because of excellent photoluminescence properties, robust chemical inertness, and low cytotoxicity, nanoparticles (NPs) are well explored for bioimaging applications over the past decade. So far safety concerns related to these NPs are still unaddressed, and thus NP application in clinical imaging is in the evaluation stage. However, in the future, these could be transformed into new diagnostic probes which can detect diseases at their early stage, thus improving both preclinical research and patient health.

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Abbreviations

%:

Percentage

C-dot(s):

Carbon dots

CT:

Computed tomography

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

NM(s):

Nanomaterials

NP(s):

Nanoparticles

PAMAM:

Polyamidoamine

PAN-NPs:

Polyacrylonitrile nanoparticles

PEG:

Polyethylene glycol

PEI:

Poly(ethylene imine)

PET:

Positron emission tomography

PS-NPs:

Polystyrene nanoparticles

QD(s):

Quantum dots

SERS:

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

SiNP(s):

Si nanoparticles

SiQD(s):

Silicon quantum dots

SPECT:

Single photon emission computed tomography

UCNPs:

Upconversion nanoparticles

US:

Ultrasound

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the director of CSIR-IHBT for his constant support and encouragement. AA acknowledges the financial support from CSIR (MLP-201) and DST (GAP-0214; EMR/2016/003027). SW acknowledges CSIR for the SRF fellowship, and CS thanks CSIR for providing JRF fellowship. The CSIR-IHBT communication number of this manuscript is 4536.

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  1. Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India

    Shanka Walia, Chandni Sharma & Amitabha Acharya

  2. Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India

    Shanka Walia, Chandni Sharma & Amitabha Acharya

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  1. Shanka Walia
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    Amitabha Acharya

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Walia, S., Sharma, C., Acharya, A. (2020). Biocompatible Fluorescent Nanomaterials for Molecular Imaging Applications. In: Acharya, A. (eds) Nanomaterial - Based Biomedical Applications in Molecular Imaging, Diagnostics and Therapy. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4280-0_3

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