Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death throughout the world. It is defined as abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body [1]. Today, cancer is known as a dreadful disease with a death of 8.2 million people in cancer and 14.1 million diagnoses of new cancer cases worldwide in 2012. It is expected that the number of new cancer cases will reach 21.7 million in 2030. According to the food and nutrition report in 2003, in 30–40% cases, cancer is directly related to nutrition. Therefore, the use of chemopreventive agents such as vitamin E from nutritional source is an acceptable method to reduce the rate of cancer [2]. In most cases, conventional treatment methods, including chemo/surgical/radiation treatments, fail to target and treat the disease adequately. Recent progress in the field of tumor-directed nanotechnologies provides hope of treatment for cancer patients. Nanoparticle (NP)-based therapeutics can significantly improve the treatment outcomes of oncological diseases by increasing the tumor delivery of drugs and limiting off-target uptake [1, 3]. Nanomedicines are defined by the European Science Foundation as follow: “nanometer size scale complex systems, consisting of at least two components, one of which being the active ingredient.” Nanomedicines can increase drug function including efficacy, specificity, tolerability, and therapeutic index [4]. In other words, the loading of drugs into nanocarriers can make some advantages:
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Notes
- 1.
Taxol is a name for paclitaxel that is used clinically.
- 2.
Taxol is a brand name of paclitaxel (PTX).
- 3.
Drug-loading content
- 4.
The concentration of drug needed to kill half amount of the cells
- 5.
TC was used in this study as an abbreviation for α-tocopheryl succinate.
- 6.
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles
- 7.
The poly(lactide)–vitamin E TPGS nanoparticles
- 8.
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)–montmorillonite nanoparticles
- 9.
Taxotere is the trade name for docetaxel.
- 10.
Folate decorated
Abbreviations
- ABC:
-
ATPγ
- AMF:
-
Alternative magnetic field
- Ap:
-
Apigenin
- AUC:
-
Area under the concentration−time curve
- BBB:
-
Blood–brain barrier
- BCT:
-
Breast conservation treatment
- BMM:
-
Bone marrow derived macrophages
- BTB:
-
Blood–tumor barrier
- CA:
-
Chitosan
- CA:
-
Cholic acid
- CEHC:
-
Carboxyethylhydroxychromans
- CLSM:
-
Confocal laser scanning microscopy
- CMC:
-
Critical micelle concentration
- CPT:
-
Camptothecin
- Cremophor-EL:
-
Polyoxyethylated castor oil
- CSO:
-
Chitosan oligosaccharide
- DMAP:
-
4-dimethylamioprydine
- DNPs:
-
Docetaxel loaded polymeric nanoparticles
- DOPE:
-
Dioleoyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine
- DOX:
-
Doxorobicin
- DTX:
-
Docetaxel
- DTX:
-
Marketed formulation of Docetaxel
- EDC:
-
(1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride
- EE:
-
Drug encapsulation efficiency
- EGFR:
-
Epidermal growth factor receptor
- EPR:
-
Enhanced permeability and retention effect
- ER:
-
Estrogen
- FDA:
-
Food and Drug Administration
- GAR:
-
Garcinol
- GI:
-
Gastrointestinal
- GMO:
-
Glyceryl monooleate
- GSH:
-
Glutathione
- HCPT:
-
10-Hydroxycamptothecin
- IOs:
-
Nano-sized iron oxides
- LC:
-
Drug-loading content
- LUT:
-
Luteolin
- MDR:
-
Multidrug resistance
- MNPs:
-
Magnetic nanoparticles
- MPS:
-
Mononuclear phagocyte system
- MRP1:
-
Multidrug resistance protein 1
- mTHPC:
-
Temoporfin
- NIR:
-
Near-infrared
- NLC:
-
Nanostructured lipid carriers
- NO:
-
Nitric oxide
- NONOates:
-
N-diazeniumdiolates
- NP:
-
Nanoparticle
- PAA:
-
Poly acrylic acid
- PAMAM:
-
Poly (amidoamine)
- PBS:
-
Phosphate-buffered saline
- PCL:
-
Poly (ε-caprolactone)
- PDT:
-
Photodynamic therapy
- PEG:
-
Poly (ethylene glycol)
- PF-TOS micelles:
-
TOS modified pluronic micelles
- P-gp:
-
P-Glycoprotein
- PLA:
-
Poly (lactide)
- PLA–TPGS:
-
Poly (l-lactide)-vitamin E TPGS
- PLGA:
-
Poly (lactide co-glycolide)
- PR:
-
Progesterone
- PTX:
-
Paclitaxel
- QDs:
-
Quantum dots
- RES:
-
Reticuloendothelial system
- ROS :
-
Reactive oxygen species
- RSNOs:
-
S-nitrosothiols
- RT:
-
Radiation treatment
- SA:
-
Succinic anhydride
- SC:
-
Solvent casting
- SESD:
-
Spontaneous emulsification solvent-diffusion method
- Taxotere®:
-
Clinical DTX formulation
- TC:
-
Terephthaloyl chloride
- TCOsomes:
-
α-Tocopherol-oligochitosan-based oligomersomes
- THP:
-
Pirarubicin
- TNBC:
-
Triple negative breast cancer
- TOC:
-
Tocopherols
- TPGS:
-
α-Tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate
- TPNs:
-
TPGS-functionalized PLGA nanoparticles
- TQR:
-
Tariquidar
- TT:
-
Tocotrienols
- VE:
-
Vitamin E
- VES:
-
Vitamin E succinate
- VES-g-CSO:
-
TPGS and VES-grafted CSO
- α-Fmoc:
-
α-Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl
- α-TOS:
-
α-Tocopheryl succinate
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Karimi Alavijeh, R., Akhbari, K. (2020). Vitamin E-Based Nanomedicines for Anticancer Drug Delivery. In: Rahman, M., Beg, S., Kumar, V., Ahmad, F. (eds) Nanomedicine for Bioactives . Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1664-1_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1664-1_2
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