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Application of Electron Microscopy to Understanding Colloid-Facilitated Transport of Radionuclides at the Mayak Production Association Facility, Near Lake Karachai, Russia

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Behavior of Radionuclides in the Environment I

Abstract

Plutonium association and transport by ferrihydrite has been confirmed in the groundwater system of Lake Karachai at the Mayak Production Association, Russia (Novikov et al. 2006). Since this initial description, there has been substantial progress in understanding the mechanisms that control the concentrations and distribution of Pu at the Mayak site. This chapter is a concise review of work during the past 10 years that utilizes to advantage recent advances in nanoscale, analytical techniques. The structure of ferrihydrite (P63mc) was determined using a pair-distribution function analysis. Scanning transmission electron microscopy of Mayak colloids resolved the occurrence of mixed silica nano-colloids and ferrihydrite. Thermodynamic properties for aqueous Pu-species have been updated. Inner-sphere surface complexation was determined for adsorbed Pu using synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The adsorbed Pu can transform into Pu-dioxide nanoparticles as revealed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Plutonium polymerization can also proceed by aggregation of cubic Pu-dihydroxy building blocks of Pu(OH)2 2+•6H2O. Plutonium desorption occurs associated with re-adsorption at neutral pH. To establish comprehensive model of Pu transport at the Mayak site, the detailed mechanisms described above must be considered. Rigorous characterization of colloids is necessary and these results must be compared with results obtained from experimental studies. The state-of-the-art knowledge on the Pu association with Fe hydroxides is now well enough understood that safety assessments no longer need to rely on the classical K d approach.

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Acknowledgments

This study is partially supported by JST Initiatives for Atomic Energy Basic and Generic Strategic Research and by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (16 K12585, 16H04634, No. JP26257402). The findings and conclusions of the authors of this paper do not necessarily state or reflect those of the JST.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

    Satoshi Utsunomiya, Hiroki Yokoo, Takumi Oki, Keisuke Kawamoto, Ayaka Takeda & Honggui Wang

  2. Department of Geological Sciences and Center for International Security and Cooperation, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA

    Rodney C. Ewing

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  1. Satoshi Utsunomiya
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Correspondence to Satoshi Utsunomiya .

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  1. Faculty of Science, Department of Geosciences, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan

    Kenji Kato

  2. Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, Fukushima, Japan

    Alexei Konoplev

  3. Radiochemistry Division, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

    Stepan N. Kalmykov

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Utsunomiya, S. et al. (2020). Application of Electron Microscopy to Understanding Colloid-Facilitated Transport of Radionuclides at the Mayak Production Association Facility, Near Lake Karachai, Russia. In: Kato, K., Konoplev, A., Kalmykov, S. (eds) Behavior of Radionuclides in the Environment I. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0679-6_7

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