Abstract
In 2006 Rapper Nas proclaimed, ‘Hip-hop is dead’! This chapter sets to find out whether or not youth work is also in a state of decline. I seek to establish a comparative parallel development between youth work and hip-hop by looking back to the histories of the two phenomena as well as conducting interviews with past colleagues.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abrams, Fran. (2010). Learning to fail: how society lets young people down. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.
Batsleer, Janet. (2010). What is youth work? Exeter: Learning Matters.
Beck, Dave, & Purcell, Rod. (2010). Popular education practice for youth and community development work. Exeter: Learning Matters Ltd.
Behrman, Harry. (1998). The practice of facilitation managing group process and solving problems. Westport, CT: Quorum.
Belton, Brian. (2000). Developing critical youth work theory. Rotterdam: Sense.
Belton, Brian. (2010). Radical youth work: developing critical perspectives and professional judgement. Lyme Regis, Dorset: Russell House Pub.
Blackledge, Paul. (2012). Marxism and ethics freedom, desire, and revolution. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Boyd, Todd. (2002). The new H.N.I.C. (head niggas in charge) the death of civil rights and the reign of hip hop. New York: New York University Press.
Buchroth, Ilona, & Parkin, Chris. (2010). Using theory in youth and community work practice. Exeter: Learning Matters Ltd.
Budden, Joe. (2005). Who killed Hip Hop. Unknown: Unknown.
CYPnow. (2013). Cabinet Office takes control of youth policy. Children & Young People Now, n.p., 3 July 2013. Web. 24 Jan. 2014. http://www.cypnow.co.uk/cyp/news/1077640/cabinet-officetakes-control-youth-policy?utm_content=&utm_campaign=080713_YouthWorkNews&utm_source=Children%20%26%20Young%20People%20Now&utm_medium=adestra_email&utm_term=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cypnow.co.uk%2Fcyp%2Fnews.
Cleaver, Eldridge. (1968). Soul on ice (1st ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Cole, J. (2011). Let Nas down. Born sinner, 00:010 – 00:20. New York: Dreamville,
Common. (1994). I used to love H.E.R. Resurrection, 00:20 – 00:30. New York: Relativity.
Cowen, Tyler. (1998). In praise of commercial culture. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Davies, Bernard. (2009). Defined by history: Youth work in the UK. In The history of youth work in Europe: Relevance for today’s youth work policy (pp. 63-86). Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing.
Def, Mos. (1999). Fear not of men. Black on both sides, 01:15 – 01:30. New York: Rawkus.
Department for Education. (n.d.). Youth contract provision for 16- and 17-year-olds not in education, employment or training. Youth contract provision for 16- and 17-year-olds NEET, n.p., Web, 23 January 2014. http://www.education.gov.uk/childrenandyoungpeople/youngpeople/participation/a00203664/youth-contract.
Dery, Mark. (2004). Public enemy confrontation. In That’s the joint!: The hip-hop studies reader (pp. 470-486). New York: Routledge.
Doyle, Arthur Conan, & Freeman, Kyle. (2003). The complete Sherlock Holmes. New York: Barnes & Noble Classics.
Drake. (2013). Started from the bottom. Nothing was the same, 00:00 – 02:53. New Orleans: Young Money.
Electric Soul Show. (n.d.). Is Rnb music dead? – If it is can bought back to life again? – 2011. Electric Soul Show – News 8, n.p., Web, 22 January 2014, http://www.electricsoulshow.com/news/news8.
Fiasco, Lupe. (2012). Food & liquor II: The great American rap album, Pt. 1. New York: 1st & 15th.
Forman, Murray. (2012). That’s the joint!: The hip-hop studies reader (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge.
Fraser, Julie. (2007). Every child matters: Measuring moments of progress and inclusive assessment. Armley, Leeds, England: Coachwise [for the Association for Physical Education].
Hill, Lauryn. (1998). Superstar. The miseducation of Lauryn Hill, 00:00 – 00:15. Philadelphia: Ruffhouse.
GOV.UK. (n.d.). Tell us what you think of GOV.UK. National Citizen Service, n.p., Web, 24 January 2014, https://www.gov.uk/government/get-involved/take-part/national-citizen-service.
Gilchrist, Ruth. (2013). Reappraisals: Essays in the history of youth and community work. S.l.: Russell House Publishing.
Greene, Roland. (2012). The Princeton encyclopedia of poetry and poetics (4th ed.). Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Grier, David, A. (2010, 27 January). Comedy central, chocolate news. Comedy central, chocolate news transscript, n.p., Web, 21 January 2014, http://livedash.ark.com/transcript/chocolate_news/6732/COMEDYP/Wednesday_January_27_2010/177066/.
Guevara, Ernesto. (2008). Guerrilla warfare (Authorised ed.). London: Harper Perennial.
Hess, Mickey. (2007). Icons of hip hop (two volumes). An encyclopedia of the movement, music, and culture. Connecticut: Greenwood Press
Howard, Sheena C. (2013). Black comics: politics of race and representation. London: Bloomsbury.
Ill manors. (2012). Dir. Ben Drew. Perf. Riz Ahmed, Ed Skrein, Keith Coggins. Revolver Entertainment, DVD.
Jay Z. (2003). Moment of clarity. The black album, 01:40 – 02:00. New York: Roc-A-Fella.
Jeffs, Tony, & Smith, Mark. (1996). Informal education: Conversation, democracy and learning (3rd ed.). Nottingham: Educational Heretics Press.
Jones, Mike. (1979). Canoeing down Everest. London: Hodder and Stoughton
Katz, Mark. (2012). Groove music: The art and culture of the hip-hop DJ. New York: Oxford University Press.
Kelley, Robin. (1998). Check the technique black urban culture and the predicament of social science. In In near ruins: cultural theory at the end of the century (pp. 39-67). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Lamar, Kendrick. (2012). Bitch, don’t kill my vibe. Good Kid, M.A.A.D. City, 02:45 – 02:50. California: Aftermath.
Ludacris, & Jay Z. (2007). I do it for hip hop. Theater of the mind, 02:40 – 02:50. Georgia: Disturbing tha Peace.
Mike Yi. (2013). Cole explains #LetNasDown. [Online Video]. 7 June. Available from http://youtu.be/wY5_0k2g-94 (accessed 10 February 2014).
MusicMP3.RU. (2006, 27 February). Hip hop is dead. Hip hop is dead, n.p., Web, 10 February 2014. http://musicmp3.ru/artist_nas__album_hip-hop-is-dead.html#.UvlbnGJ_tIE.
Nas. (2006). Hip hop is dead. Hip Hop is dead, 03:10 – 03:20. New York: Def Jam Recordings.
ONE, KRS. (n.d.). Temple of hip hop. The official KRS ONE website, n.p., Web, 20 January 2014, http://www.krs-one.com/temple-of-hip-hop/.
Ortiz, Joell. (2009). Cut you loose. Slaughterhouse, 02:09 – 02:20. Ontario: E1.
Plan B. (2012). Ill Manors. Ill Manors, 00:00 – 03:51. London: Atlantic.
Ragged School Union. (1857). Ragged School Union. The thirteenth annual report of the Ragged School Union. London: Ragged School Union.
Rapsody. (2011). Thank H.E.R. now. The idea of beautiful, 00:00 – 03:29. North Carolina: Jamla.
Saloy, Mona. (n.d.). African American oral traditions in Louisiana. Folk life in Louisiana, n.p., Web, 20 January 2014, http://www.louisianafolklife.org/LT/Articles_Essays/creole_art_african_am_oral.html.
Sapin, Kate. (2009). Essential skills for youth work practice. Los Angeles: Sage.
Savage, Jon. (2011, 26 October). Pop at the pictures: Wartime London dances to America’s tune. theguardian.com, Guardian News and Media, Web, 14 January 2014. http://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2011/oct/26/1940s-london-rainbow-corner-swing.
Savage, Jon. (2008). Teenage: The prehistory of youth culture, 1875-1945. New York: Penguin.
Serco. (n.d.). Serco. Our history, n.p., Web, 24 January 2014. http://www.serco.com/about/ataglance/history/index.asp.
Singer, Irving. (1987). The nature of love. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Smith, M. K. (2013). What is youth work? Exploring the history, theory and practice of youth work. The encyclopedia of informal education, Web, 14 January 2014, www.infed.org/mobi/what-isyouth-work-exploring-the-history-theory-and-practice-of-work-with-young-people/.
Smith, Mark. (1994). Local education: Community, conversation, praxis. Buckingham, England: Open University Press.
Third Sector. (n.d.). Serco consortium takes six National Citizen Service contracts. Third Sector, n.p., Web, 24 January 2014, http://www.thirdsector.co.uk/Social_Enterprise/article/1149871/Sercoconsortium-takes-six-National-Citizen-Service-contracts/.
Verschelden, Griet. (2009). The history of youth work in Europe: relevance for today's youth work policy. Strasbourg: Council of Europe Pub.
Wale. (2008). The Kramer. The Mixtape about nothing, 01:58 – 02:08. Unknown: Unknown.
Wald, Elijah. (2012). The dozens: A history of rap’s mama. New York: Oxford University Press.
White men can’t jump. (1992). Dir. Ron Shelton. Perf. Wesley Snipes, Woody Harrelson, Rosie Perez. Twentieth Century Fox Home Entertainment, DVD.
Wood, Allen W. (1981). Karl Marx. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Young, Vershawn Ashanti. (2007). Your average nigga performing race, literacy, and masculinity. Detroit: Wayne State University Press.
Zone, J. (2007, 20 February). 5 things that killed hip hop. Hip Hop DX, n.p., Web, 13 January 2014. http://www.hiphopdx.com/index/editorials/id.723/title.5-things-that-killed-hip-hop.
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Sense Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Worrell, C. (2014). Hip Hop is Dead! Youth Work in a State of Decline?. In: Belton, B. (eds) ‘Cadjan – Kiduhu’. SensePublishers, Rotterdam. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6209-767-4_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6209-767-4_2
Publisher Name: SensePublishers, Rotterdam
Online ISBN: 978-94-6209-767-4
eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and LawEducation (R0)