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Nanomaterial pp 73–91Cite as

Nanoparticles: Cellular Uptake and Cytotoxicity

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Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 811))

Abstract

Understanding the interactions of nanoparticles (NPs) with cells and how these interactions influence their cellular uptake is essential to exploring the biomedical applications of NPs, particularly for drug delivery. Various factors, whether differences in physical properties of NPs or variations in cell-membrane characteristics, influence NP-cell interactions and uptake processes. NP-cell membrane interactions may also influence intracellular trafficking of NPs, their sorting into different intracellular compartments, cellular retention, and hence the efficacy of encapsulated therapeutics. A crucial consideration is whether such interactions might cause any toxicity, starting with how NPs interact in transit with the biological environment prior to their interactions with targeted cells and tissues. Understanding the effects of various NP characteristics on cellular and biological processes could help in designing NPs that are efficient but also nontoxic.

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Abbreviations

AFM:

Atomic force microscopy

AR:

Aspect ratio

CME:

Clathrin-mediated endocytosis

CPP:

Cell-penetrating peptides

CTAB:

Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide

DMAB:

Didodecyldimethylammonium bromide

DTAB:

Dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide

HIV:

Human immunodeficiency virus

MTs:

Microtubules

NPs:

Nanoparticles

PLGA:

Poly (d, l-lactide co-glycolide)

RISC:

RNA-induced silencing complex

RNAi:

RNA-interference

siRNAs:

Small interfering RNAs

SNPs:

Silica NPs

TAT:

trans-activating transcriptional activator

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA

    Isaac M. Adjei & Vinod Labhasetwar PhD

  2. Department of Biomedical Engineering/ND20, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA

    Isaac M. Adjei, Blanka Sharma & Vinod Labhasetwar PhD

  3. Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA

    Vinod Labhasetwar PhD

Authors
  1. Isaac M. Adjei
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  2. Blanka Sharma
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  3. Vinod Labhasetwar PhD
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Correspondence to Vinod Labhasetwar PhD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA

    David G. Capco

  2. Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

    Yongsheng Chen

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© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

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Adjei, I.M., Sharma, B., Labhasetwar, V. (2014). Nanoparticles: Cellular Uptake and Cytotoxicity. In: Capco, D., Chen, Y. (eds) Nanomaterial. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 811. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8739-0_5

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