Abstract
Higher plants develop from a single-celled zygote into a multicellular organism through co-ordinated cell divisions, and when this process occurs without patterning, disorganized callus tissue is produced. Body organization is generated by two distinct processes: the primary organization of the body, represented by the seedling, and including the shoot and root meristems, is laid down by embryonic pattern formation, while the meristems then take over to produce the adult plant during post-embryonic development. Plant organs are composed of ordered collections of various cell types differing in their shape, size, position, function and DNA content. Cell division, separation and morphogenesis are intimately connected, and ontogenesis is determined by the genome and is influenced by external signals. Correct control of the cell-division cycle is required for the elaboration and execution of developmental programmes, while patterning genes determine overall architecture of the plant. Cell division is a critical activity during the growth and development of a plant providing the building blocks for the differentiation of in vitro thin cell layers (TCLs) or in planta tissues and organs, and contributes to the overall size of the individual. Cytokinesis has a number of temporally and spatially controlled steps, leading to the establishment of a cell plate in a pre-established division site. Cell division is concentrated in mersitematic regions exhibiting distinct non-random division patterns, and cell differentiation occurs following cessation of mitotic cell cycles, the final morphology being generated by polarized cell expansion, proving the tight coupling of cell division patterns and generation of form without necessarily playing a direct causal role in morphogenesis.
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Teixeira da Silva, J.A., Nhut, D.T. (2003). Cells: Functional Units of TCLs. In: Nhut, D.T., Van Le, B., Tran Thanh Van, K., Thorpe, T. (eds) Thin Cell Layer Culture System: Regeneration and Transformation Applications. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3522-3_3
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