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Selective COX-2 Inhibitors pp 99–107Cite as

Aspirin-induced asthma and cyclooxygenases

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Abstract

Bronchial asthma, irrespective of its specific triggers (allergens, cold, physical exercise or aspirin), is by and large an inflammatory disease. High plasma levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE), if present, indicate its atopic aetiology. Activated T lymphocytes (Th2) release various cytokines which promote recruitment, activation and secretion of mast cells, eosinophils and macrophages in the airways. Activation of these cells is associated with local release of pro-inflammatory, bronchoconstrictor or cytotoxic agents such as interleukins, proteases, superoxide anion (O2 −), histamine, platelet activating factor (PAF) and a number of eicosanoids including sulphidopeptide-leukotrienes (LTC4-E4), leukotriene B4(LTB4), thromboxane A2 (TXA2), prostaglandins F2α and D2(PGF2α and PGD2). These mediators contribute to an increase in vascular permeability, oedema, migration of leukocytes to tissues, epithelial shedding, fibroblast proliferation, bronchoconstriction, hyperreactivity of bronchi, rhinorrhea, cough and wheezing. Endogenous anti-inflammatory glucocorticoids, β adrenergic tone and the bronchodilator prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) counterbalance the pro-inflammatory cascade in the airways. Nitric oxide (NO) plays an ambiguous role in inflammatory response; however, in the lung it acts in opposition to pneumotoxic lipids (PAF, LTC4-E4, TXA2), unless overproduction of NO, together with O2 − yields toxic peroxynitrite (ONOO−).

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Authors
  1. R. J. Gryglewski
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. The William Harvey Research Institute, Saint Bartholomew’s and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Charterhouse Square, London, UK

    John Vane  & Jack Botting  & 

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© 1998 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

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Gryglewski, R.J. (1998). Aspirin-induced asthma and cyclooxygenases. In: Vane, J., Botting, J. (eds) Selective COX-2 Inhibitors. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4872-6_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4872-6_10

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-6041-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-4872-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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