Abstract
Vibrational spectroscopy is one of the most versatile methods of polymer characterization [1]. Other methods may be better in a certain area, but the advantage of vibrational spectroscopy is that it supplies several types of information, while being a rapid and inexpensive method. Infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy probe the vibrational spectrum by absorption and inelastic scattering, respectively. In many cases these two techniques are complementary. For a noncentrosymmetric molecule, such as isotactic PP (iPP) in a 31 helix, bands which are strong with one technique are often weak with the other. From a practical point of view, the requirements for sample preparation are different. IR spectroscopy, being an absorption method, is mostly performed on thin films in transmission mode. However, reflection methods or photoacoustic detection can be utilized to analyze thick or opaque samples, with a range of penetration depths. In principle, no sample preparation is required for Raman spectroscopy. Fluorescence has been a problem when analyzing polymers with this technique. However, this problem is almost eliminated with Fourier transform (FT) Raman instruments, which excite in the near infrared (NIR) range (∼4000-11000 cm-1) and analyze the scattered light in a modified FT-IR instrument.
Keywords
- infrared spectroscopy
- Raman spectroscopy
- vibrational spectroscopy
- conformation
- configuration
- near infrared (MR)
- surface analysis
- on-line analysis
- microspectroscopy
- forensic analysis
- chain packing
- lamellar structure
- polymorphism
- group frequencies
- coupled vibation modes
- isotacticity index
- syndiotacticity index
- lattice modes
- internal modes
- degree of crystallinity
- head-to-head addition
- longitudinal acoustic mode (LAM)
- molecular orientation
- molecular deformation
- stress-induced frequency shifts
- IR dichroism
- 2D IR
- ethylene-propylene copolymers
- blends
- ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer (EPDM)
- functionalized PP
- compatibilizer
- degradation
- oxidation
- carbonyl index
- carbonyl groups
- hydroxyl groups
- unsaturated groups
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References
Bower, D.I. and Maddams, W.F. (1992), The Vibrational Spectroscopy of Polymers, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Arruebarrena de Báez, M., Hendra, P.J. and Judkins, M. (1995) The Raman spectra of oriented isotactic polypropylene. Spectrochim. Acta, A51, 2117–2124.
van der Ven, S. (1990), Polypropylene and Other Polyolefins — Polymerization and Characterization, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
LaCoste, J., Vaillant, D. and Carlsson, D.J. (1993), Gamma-initiated, photoinitiated, and thermally-initiated oxidation of isotactic polypropylene. J. Polymer Sci. Polymer Chem., 31, 715–722.
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© 1999 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
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Andreassen, E. (1999). Infrared and Raman spectroscopy of polypropylene. In: Karger-Kocsis, J. (eds) Polypropylene. Polymer Science and Technology Series, vol 2. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4421-6_46
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4421-6_46
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-5899-5
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-4421-6
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