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Biotechnology of Miscanthus

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Biotechnology of Neglected and Underutilized Crops

Abstract

Miscanthus x giganteus is a natural hybrid C4 grass genotype of great size and of a proven utility for biomass cropping, but its growing range is restricted by cold susceptibility. New requirements for fermentability and many other characteristics have also arisen over the last 10 years. However, the Miscanthus x giganteus genotype is not very easily included in breeding programmes because it is a sterile triploid hybrid and cannot produce seed. The genetic resources of the parental species M. sinensis and M. sacchariflorus and related species are being collected, studied and analysed using many new genomic and transcriptomic molecular tools. Breeders have selected new cultivars from within the genetic pool of Miscanthus sinensis and have also created new Miscanthus x giganteus and other interspecific hybrids. There is also progress in creating new intergeneric hybrids with close relatives such as sugarcane and sorghum. Initially the main purpose of biotechnology research was to develop cheaper micro-propagation methods for Miscanthus x giganteus, because rhizome propagation was so expensive. More recently, methods of in vitro polyploidy have been developed in the hybrid and two parental species, which will allow the creation of new hybrid combinations and the exploitation of the greater size of polyploids. Genetic transformation by particle bombardment and via Agrobacterium has also been achieved relatively recently and is now being applied to several characteristics potentially involved with fermentation for ethanol production.

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Abbreviations

ABA:

Abscisic acid

AFLP:

Amplified fragment length polymorphism

AOA:

Alpha-aminoxyacetic acid

BAC:

Bacterial artificial chromosome

BAP:

6-benzylaminopurine

Bar:

Basta resistance gene

CH:

Casein hydrolysate

2,4-D:

2,4 dichlorophenoxy acetic acid

DH:

Doubled haploid

DHPS:

Sulfonamide herbicide resistance gene

DMSO:

Dimethylsulphoxide

EST:

Expressed sequence tag

FAEA:

Ferulic acid esterase gene

FAE:

Ferulic acid esterase

G418:

Geneticin

GBS:

Genotyping-by-sequencing

GA3:

Giberellic acid

GFP:

Green fluorescent protein

Gfp:

Green fluorescent protein gene

GUS:

β-glucuronidase

Gus:

β-glucuronidase gene

HB:

Holley and Baker medium

Hpt:

Hygromycin resistance gene

IAA:

Indole acetic acid

IBA:

Indole-3-butyric acid

2Ip:

2-isopentenyladenine

KIN:

Kinetin

MAS:

Marker assisted selection

MES:

2-(N-morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid

MET:

Methionine

MS:

Murashige and Skoog medium

NAA:

Napthelene acetic acid

nptII:

Neomycin phosphotransferase gene

PBZ:

Paclobutrazol

PHB:

Poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid

pinII:

Potato proteinase II gene

PPT:

Phosphinothricin

PVP:

Polyvinylpyrrolidone

QTL:

Quantitative trait loci

xyn2:

Xylanase gene

RAD:

Restriction site associated DNA

RAPD:

Random amplification of polymorphic DNA

RFLP:

Restriction fragment length polymorphism

SNP:

Single nucleotide polymorphism

SSR:

Microsatellite simple sequence repeat

TDZ:

Thidiazuron

2,4,5-T:

2,4,5 trichlorophenoxyacetic acid

UidA:

β-glucuronidase gene

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Acknowledgments

I am extremely grateful to Phil Morris for critically reading the manuscript, helping with the figures and for such useful advice, discussion and editing. Thanks also to Ray Bilang for pROB5, Peggy Lemaux for pAct1HPT-4, Peter Quail for pAHC27, Rongda Qu and Elumalai Sivamani for pRESQ48, and Seiichi Toki for pUBA. In addition many thanks to colleagues at IBERS including Tim Langdon for pINH1D, pIOM6 and useful discussion, John Clifton-Brown for photographs and useful discussion, Emma Timms-Taravella for expert molecular analysis, Cathy Morris and Charlotte Hayes for expert cytometry, Ana Winters for collaboration over FAE expression, Samantha Gill and Sue Youell for assistance and to Ian Thomas, Elaine Jensen, Maurice Bosch, Joe Gallagher, Paul Robson, Kerrie Farrar and Iain Donnison for useful discussion and for which I also thank Kai Schwarz and Heike Meyer of the Julius Kühn-Institute.

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  1. Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Studies, Aberystwyth University, Wales, UK

    S. J. Dalton

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  1. , Department of Agricultural, University of Helsinki, 5 Latokartanonkaari Room C 130, Helsinki, 00014, Finland

    Shri Mohan Jain

  2. Dept. Agricultural & Food Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India

    S. Dutta Gupta

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Dalton, S.J. (2013). Biotechnology of Miscanthus . In: Jain, S., Dutta Gupta, S. (eds) Biotechnology of Neglected and Underutilized Crops. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5500-0_11

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