Abstract
Macroscopic effects of ions on the dynamics of electrolyte solutions include their effects on the fluidity of the solution and on the self-diffusion of the water. Microscopic effects are on the movements of individual water molecules: their mutual orientations, the rate of breaking or making of hydrogen bonds, etc. measured by relaxation processes. Computer simulations yield the residence times of water molecules in the vicinity of ions. Vibrational and x-ray spectroscopy augment these studies. Some thermodynamic quantities, such as internal pressure, structural entropy, and transfer of ions from light to heavy water, also provide evidence on the effects of ions on the structure of the water. According to all these diverse studies, ions are classified as water structure-making or structure-breaking and the extent of these effects are quantified.
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Marcus, Y. (2012). Effects of Ions on Water Structure and Vice Versa. In: Ions in Water and Biophysical Implications. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4647-3_3
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