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Transformation and Nucleic Acid Delivery to Mitochondria

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Genomics of Chloroplasts and Mitochondria

Part of the book series: Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration ((AIPH,volume 35))

Summary

Genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic approaches have yielded considerable information, which impacted our understanding of the interactions between the nucleus and the mitochondria. Plant mitochondrial (mt) genomes are very large (220–2,000 kb) and often occur as complex pools of recombined molecules whose stoichiometry is tightly controlled by the nucleus. Unlike their mammalian and fungal counterparts, plant mt transcripts undergo complex post-transcriptional modifications such as editing and trans-splicing. Due to the impossibility to stably transform plant mitochondria and hence to manipulate mt gene expression, the genetic regulation of plant mt genomes has remained poorly understood. In this chapter, we will review the experimental data concerning the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the only photosynthetic organism for which mt transformation has been achieved. Although Chlamydomonas harbors an extremely compact linear mt genome (15.8 kb) that differs from the one typically found in vascular plants, this system could bring novel insights on the role of the few subunits of the respiratory chain that are encoded in the mt genome. This is particularly relevant for the nd genes, which encode subunits of complex I since the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the other unicellular organism where mt transformation is performed nearly at will, is deprived of complex I. Moreover, because the Chlamydomonas mt genome only encodes three tRNAs, genetic manipulation of the organellar genome is a promising avenue to dissect the import of cytosolic tRNAs, a process that is now known to take place in plant and also human mitochondria. We also present alternative approaches such as the in vitro import of DNA or RNA and electroporation of isolated mitochondria followed by in organello synthesis that have been developed. These approaches have generated fruitful information about transcription and post-transcriptional processing of plant mt RNAs.

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Abbreviations

mt:

Mitochondrial;

tRNA:

Transfer RNA;

VDAC:

Voltage-dependent anion channel

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Acknowledgements

Work in the lab of C. Remacle is supported by ‘Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique’ from Belgium (F.R.S.-FNRS) 1.5.255.08 and 2.4601.08 and by Action de Recherche Concertée ARC07/12 04 and a joint United Mitochondrial Disease Foundation Grant (UMDF) to C. Remacle and P. Hamel. T. Salinas is supported by the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) under grant agreement n° 220808 (Marie Curie Fellowship). V. Larosa is supported by ‘Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l’Industrie et dans l’Agriculture’ (FRIA). Work in the lab of F. Kempken its supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG). N. Bonnefoy is the recipient of an ANR contract (JC-JC-06-0163). We warmly thank Dr R. Lamb (Ohio State University, OH) for careful reading of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Genetics of Microorganisms, Institute of Botany B22, University of Liège, B-4000, Liège, Belgium

    Claire Remacle, Veronique Larosa & Thalia Salinas

  2. Department of Molecular Genetics and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 500 Aronoff Laboratory, 318 W. Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA

    Patrice Hamel & Nitya Subrahmanian

  3. Plant Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA

    Patrice Hamel & Nitya Subrahmanian

  4. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre de Génétique Moléculaire FRE3144, FRC3115, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France

    Nathalie Bonnefoy

  5. Abteilung Botanische Genetik und Molekularbiologie, Botanisches Institut, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, D-24098, Kiel, Germany

    Frank Kempken

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  1. Claire Remacle
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  2. Veronique Larosa
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  3. Thalia Salinas
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  4. Patrice Hamel
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  5. Nitya Subrahmanian
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  6. Nathalie Bonnefoy
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  7. Frank Kempken
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Claire Remacle or Frank Kempken .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. AM MUEHLENBERG 1, POTSDAM-GOLM 14476, Germany

    Ralph Bock

  2. Inst. Zelluläre und Molekulare, Botanik (IZMB), Universität Bonn, Kirschallee 1, Bonn, 53115, Germany

    Volker Knoop

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© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

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Remacle, C. et al. (2012). Transformation and Nucleic Acid Delivery to Mitochondria. In: Bock, R., Knoop, V. (eds) Genomics of Chloroplasts and Mitochondria. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, vol 35. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2920-9_19

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