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Crop Stress and its Management: Perspectives and Strategies pp 261–315Cite as

Plant Response and Tolerance to Abiotic Oxidative Stress: Antioxidant Defense Is a Key Factor

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Abstract

In a persistently changing environment, plants are constantly challenged by various abiotic stresses such as salinity, drought, temperature extremes, heavy metal toxicity, high-light intensity, nutrient deficiency, UV-B radiation, ozone, etc. which cause substantial losses in the yield and quality of a crop. A key sign of such stresses at the molecular level is the accelerated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as singlet oxygen (1O2), superoxide (O2•−), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydroxyl radicals (OH•). ROS are extremely reactive in nature because they can interact with a number of cellular molecules and metabolites, thereby leading to irreparable metabolic dysfunction and death. Plants have well-developed enzymatic and non-enzymatic scavenging pathways or detoxification systems to counter the deleterious effects of ROS that include the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and peroxidases (POX) as well as non-enzymatic compounds such as ascorbate (AsA), glutathione (GSH), carotenoids and tocopherols. In plant cells, specific ROS-producing and scavenging systems are found in different organelles and the ROS-scavenging pathways from different cellular compartments are coordinated. Recent studies in plants have shown that relatively low levels of ROS act as signaling molecules that induce abiotic stress tolerance by regulating the expression of defense genes. Additionally, numerous results have shown that plants with higher levels of antioxidants, whether constitutive or induced, showed greater resistance to different types of environmental stresses. In this chapter we attempt to summarize recent researches on the mechanisms and possible regulatory roles of ROS in abiotic stress tolerance. Further, we discuss the progress made during the last few decades in improving the oxidative stress tolerance of plants through genetic engineering by different components of ROS detoxification systems in plants.

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Abbreviations

ABA:

abscisic acid

APX:

ascorbate peroxidase

AsA:

ascorbic acid

ATP:

adenosine triphosphate

CAT:

catalase

DHA:

dehydroascorbate

DHAR:

dehydroascorbate reductase

ETC:

electron transport chain

GAP:

glycerinaldehyde-3-phosphate

GO:

glycolate oxidase

GPX:

glutathione peroxidase

GR:

glutathione reductase

GSH:

reduced glutathione

GSSG:

oxidized glutathione

GST:

glutathione S-transferase

HM:

heavy metal

LOOH:

lipid hydroperoxides

MDA:

malondialdehyde

MDHA:

monodehydroascorbate

MDHAR:

monodehydroascorbate reductase

NADPH:

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

NADPHox:

NADPH oxidases

NO:

nitric oxide

PC:

phytochelatins

PCD:

programmed cell death

PEG:

polyethylene glycol

POX:

peroxidases

ROOH:

organic hydroperoxides

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

RuBisCO:

ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase

Se:

selenium

SNP:

sodium nitroprusside

TG:

total glutathione

XO:

xanthine oxidase

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Acknowledgments

We express our sincere thanks to Prof. Dr. Prasanta C. Bhowmik, University of Massachusetts Amherst, USA for his constructive suggestions. As page limitation precluded us from citing a large number of studies, we apologize to those whose original publications are therefore not directly referenced in this chapter.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan

    Mirza Hasanuzzaman, Mohammad Anwar Hossain & Masayuki Fujita

  2. Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh

    Mirza Hasanuzzaman

  3. Ornamental Floriculture Lab, Department of Bioproduction Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan

    Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva

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  1. Mirza Hasanuzzaman
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  2. Mohammad Anwar Hossain
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  3. Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva
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  4. Masayuki Fujita
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Correspondence to Masayuki Fujita .

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  1. , Crop Sciences, Central Research Institute for Dryland A, Saidabad P.O, Hyderabad, 500 059, Andra Pradesh, India

    B. Venkateswarlu

  2. Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Dept. Crop Sciences, Central Research Institute for, Santoshnagar, Hyderabad, 500059, India

    Arun K. Shanker

  3. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Rajender Nagar, Hyderabad, 500030, India

    Chitra Shanker

  4. , Crop Sciences, Central Research Institute for Dryland A, Saidabad P.O, Hyderabad, 500 059, Andra Pradesh, India

    M. Maheswari

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Hasanuzzaman, M., Hossain, M.A., da Silva, J.A.T., Fujita, M. (2012). Plant Response and Tolerance to Abiotic Oxidative Stress: Antioxidant Defense Is a Key Factor. In: Venkateswarlu, B., Shanker, A., Shanker, C., Maheswari, M. (eds) Crop Stress and its Management: Perspectives and Strategies. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2220-0_8

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