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Inferior Olive: All Ins and Outs

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Handbook of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders

Abstract

The inferior olive provides all climbing fibers to the Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex and thereby has a strong impact on cerebellar output. As a consequence, the integration of inputs to olivary neurons as well as their intrinsic properties are critical for cerebellar function. In this chapter, all issues that are relevant for their ultimate function are addressed. This chapter starts by reviewing developmental aspects such as the origin and migratory routes of inferior olivary neurons and a description of their axonal outgrowth into climbing fibers innervating Purkinje cells. Subsequently, a detailed description of the olivary subdivisions and the ultrastructure of their neuropil is provided. This is characterized by the presence of dendro-dendritic gap junctions located in glomeruli and by the consistently combined excitatory and inhibitory innervation of their coupled spines. Furthermore, the electrophysiological behavior of olivary neurons is described and discussed. Finally, these unique properties are integrated in cellular and system models. Both type of models show that the inferior olive is very well able to control both rate coding and spatiotemporal pattern coding of their postsynaptic target neurons in the cerebellar cortex, cerebellar nuclei, and vestibular nuclei. Abnormalities in their firing properties can contribute to syndromes such as ataxia, palatomyoclonus, and possibly also autism.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    J.R. De Gruijl and L.W.J. Bosman contributed equally to this work

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Dutch Academy of Arts & Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, 1105 BA, The Netherlands

    J. R. De Gruijl M.Sc., Dr. L. W. J. Bosman Ph.D. & Prof. Dr. Chris I. De Zeeuw

  2. Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, 2040, Rotterdam, NL-3000 CA, The Netherlands

    Dr. L. W. J. Bosman Ph.D., Prof. Dr. Chris I. De Zeeuw & Dr. M. T. G. De Jeu Ph.D.

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  1. J. R. De Gruijl M.Sc.
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  2. Dr. L. W. J. Bosman Ph.D.
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  3. Prof. Dr. Chris I. De Zeeuw
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  4. Dr. M. T. G. De Jeu Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Chris I. De Zeeuw or M. T. G. De Jeu Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Unité d'Etude du Mouvement (UEM), FNRS, Neurologie ULB Erasme, Bruxelles, Belgium

    Mario Manto

  2. Ataxia Unit, Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Jeremy D. Schmahmann

  3. Neuroscience Institute of the Cavalieri-Ottolenghi Foundation (NICO), University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy

    Ferdinando Rossi

  4. Molecular and Integrative Neuroscience Department (MIND), The Scripps Research Institute, California, CA, USA

    Donna L. Gruol

  5. Department of Integrative Physiolgy, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan

    Noriyuki Koibuchi

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De Gruijl, J.R., Bosman, L.W.J., De Zeeuw, C.I., De Jeu, M.T.G. (2013). Inferior Olive: All Ins and Outs. In: Manto, M., Schmahmann, J.D., Rossi, F., Gruol, D.L., Koibuchi, N. (eds) Handbook of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1333-8_43

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