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Aerenchyma Formation in Plants

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Low-Oxygen Stress in Plants

Part of the book series: Plant Cell Monographs ((CELLMONO,volume 21))

Abstract

Aerenchyma enhances internal aeration between, and within, shoots and roots. Aerenchyma formation is therefore important for the adaptation of plants in environments with excess water, such as plants with roots in waterlogged soils or submerged shoots. Aerenchyma can form in primary tissues (primary aerenchyma) and in secondary tissues (secondary aerenchyma). Primary tissues have two main types of aerenchyma: schizogenous aerenchyma and lysigenous aerenchyma. Both types provide enlarged spaces for gas-phase diffusion. Schizogenous aerenchyma is formed by the separation of adjacent files (radial rows) of cortical cells and by enlargement of existing intercellular spaces through cell division and differential cell enlargement. By contrast, lysigenous aerenchyma results from the collapse and lysis of files of cortical cells via programmed cell death. Secondary aerenchyma differentiates from phellogen, cambium, and pericycle in stems, hypocotyls, or roots of some dicots to form a gas-filled and low-resistance pathway for gas movement. Presently, the mechanisms of schizogenous and secondary aerenchyma formation are less well understood than the mechanisms of lysigenous aerenchyma formation. Here, we summarize the characteristics of primary aerenchyma (schizogenous and lysigenous aerenchymas) and secondary aerenchyma types, and present recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of lysigenous aerenchyma formation.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Drs. W. Armstrong (University of Hull) and S. Nishiuchi (Nagoya University) for their critical readings and stimulating discussions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan

    Hirokazu Takahashi, Takaki Yamauchi & Mikio Nakazono

  2. School of Plant Biology (M084), The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia

    Timothy David Colmer

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  1. Hirokazu Takahashi
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  2. Takaki Yamauchi
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  3. Timothy David Colmer
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  4. Mikio Nakazono
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Correspondence to Mikio Nakazono .

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  1. RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany

    Joost T. van Dongen

  2. Scuola Superiore Sant´Anna, Pisa, Italy

    Francesco Licausi

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Takahashi, H., Yamauchi, T., Colmer, T.D., Nakazono, M. (2014). Aerenchyma Formation in Plants. In: van Dongen, J., Licausi, F. (eds) Low-Oxygen Stress in Plants. Plant Cell Monographs, vol 21. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1254-0_13

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