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Electricity Distribution pp 267–284Cite as

A Genetic Proportional Integral Derivative Controlled Hydrothermal Automatic Generation Control with Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage

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Part of the book series: Energy Systems ((ENERGY))

Abstract

In this work, the Automatic Generation Control of an interconnected hydrothermal power system with Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) has been investigated. The gain settings of integral controller as well as Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller are tuned by Integral Time Squared Error (ITSE) criterion using Genetic Algorithm. Simulation, comparison and analysis of dynamic performances in the presence of Generation Rate Constraints brings out the superior performance of SMES units and PID controller in suppressing frequency and inter area tie line power deviations from their nominal values followed by a step load disturbance in thermal area.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Avionics, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India

    Rajesh Joseph Abraham

  2. Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Mangalam College of Engineering, Kottayam, Kerala, India

    Aju Thomas

Authors
  1. Rajesh Joseph Abraham
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  2. Aju Thomas
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rajesh Joseph Abraham .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Informatics & Computers, Hellenic Air Force Academy, Pefki, Greece

    Panagiotis Karampelas

  2. Dept Electrical & Electronic Engineering, City University London, London, United Kingdom

    Lambros Ekonomou

Appendix

Appendix

  1. (A)

    Nomenclature

    H = inertia constant (MW/sec); DPD = Incremental load change (p.u)

    D = ΔPd/Δf (p.u/Hz); ΔPg = Incremental generation change (p.u)

    R = Governor Speed regulation parameter. (Hz/puMW)

    Tg = Steam governor time constant(s); Tt = Steam turbine time constant (s)

    B = Frequency bias factor pu MW/Hz; f = Nominal system frequency (Hz)

    KIi = Integral gain of PID controller in area i

    Kdi = Derivative gain of PID controller in area i

    Kpi = Proportional gain of PID controller in area i

    Β = (D + 1/R) (i.e. Frequency response characteristics)

    ACE = Area Control Error

    Δf = Incremental change in frequency (Hz)

    ΔPtie12 = Incremental change in tie-line power (p.u MW)

    T12 = Synchronizing coefficients; TW = hydraulic turbine time constant (s).

    T1 = T2 = T3 = T4 = TR1 = TR2 = Hydraulic governor time constant.

    ΔPg1ss, ΔPg2ss, ΔPg3ss and ΔPg4ss-steady state values for change in power generation of different units.

    Pd1-step load disturbance in area1.

    Pd2-step load disturbance in area2.

  2. (B)

    System Data

    PR1 = PR2 = 1200 MW; TP1 = TP2 = 20 s; KP1 = KP2 = 120 Hz/p.u MW

    TR1 = TR2 = 10 s; KR1 = KR2 = 0.5; TTI = TT2 = TT3 = TT4 = 0.3 s; T12 = 0.0866 s

    TG1 = TG2 = TG3 = TG4 = 0.08 s; R1 = R2 = R3 = R4 = 2.4 Hz/p.u MW

    D1 = D2 = 8.33 × 10-3 p.u MW/Hz; B1 = B2 = 0.425 p.u MW/Hz

    Pd1 = 0.01 p.u MW; PD2 = 0 p.u MW; T1 = T3 = 41.6 s; T2 = T4 = 0.513 s; Tw1 = Tw2 = 1 s

  3. (C)

    Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage Data

    L = 2.65 H; TDC = 0.03 s; KACE = 100 kA/unit MW; Kid = 0.2 kV/kA; Ido = 4.5 kA.

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Abraham, R.J., Thomas, A. (2016). A Genetic Proportional Integral Derivative Controlled Hydrothermal Automatic Generation Control with Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage. In: Karampelas, P., Ekonomou, L. (eds) Electricity Distribution. Energy Systems. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49434-9_11

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49434-9_11

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-49432-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-49434-9

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