Abstract
This article focuses on the definition, targets, and key performance indicators of Zero Emission Buildings (ZEBs), as defined by the Norwegian research center on Zero Emission Buildings. It also provides examples of the application of the definition in two pilot building projects: one new residential building and one renovated office building.
Keywords
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
References
Kurnitski J (2011) How to define nearly net zero energy buildings nZEB – REHVA proposal for uniformed national implemation of EPBD recast. REHVA Journal, Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations, May 2011
Giuliano D, Bruni E, Sarto L (2013) An Italian pilot project for zero energy buildings: towards a quality-driven approach. Renew Energy 50:840–846
Wang L, Gwilliam J, Jones P (2009) Case study of zero energy house design in UK. Energ Buildings 41(11):1215–1222
McLeod RS, Hopfe CJ, Rezgui Y (2012) An investigation into recent proposals for a revised definition of zero carbon homes in the UK. Energy Policy 46:25–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2012.02.066
Dokka TH, Sartori I, Thyholt M, Lien K, Lindberg KB (2013) A Norwegian zero emission building definition. In: Proceedings from PassivhusNorden’13, Göteborg, 15–17 Oct 2013
Winkelmann S (2012) Net-zero energy home. Definitions and performance metrics project. Net-Zero Energy Home Coalition, Canada
Peterson K et al (2015) A common definition for Zero Energy Buildings. U.S Department of energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, USA
Riedy C, Lederwasch A, Ison N (2011) Defining zero emission buildings. Review and recommendations: final report. Australian Sustainable Built Environment Council, Sydney
Thomas WD, Duffy JJ (2013) Energy performance of net-zero and near net-zero energy homes in New England. Energ Buildings 67:551–558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.08.047
Marszal AJ, Heiselberg P, Bourrelle JS, Musall E, Voss K, Sartori I, Napolitano A (2011) Zero energy building – a review of definitions and calculation methodologies. Energ Buildings 43(4):971–979
Sartori I, Napolitano A, Voss K (2012) Net zero energy buildings: a consistent definition framework. Energ Buildings 48:220–232
Sartori I, Andresen I (2016) Klimaeffekten av bygninger (the climate effect of buildings). In: Hagen KP, Volden GH (eds) Investeringsprosjekter og miljøkonsekvenser (Investment projects and environmental impacts). Concept report 48. Ex ante Academic Publishing, Trondheim
Sartori I, Hestnes AG (2007) Energy use in the life cycle of conventional and low-energy buildings: a review article. Energ Buildings 39(3):249–257
Berggren B, Hall M, Wall M (2013) LCE analysis of buildings – taking the step towards net zero energy buildings. Energ Buildings 62:381–391
Cabeza LF et al (2014) Life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle energy analysis (LCEA) of buildings and the building sector: a review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 29:394–416
Chau C, Leung T, Ng WA (2015) Review on life cycle assessment, life cycle energy assessment and life cycle carbon emissions assessment on buildings. Appl Energy 143:395–413
Hernandez P, Kenny P (2010) From net energy to zero energy buildings: defining life cycle zero energy buildings (LC-ZEB). Energ Buildings 42(6):815–821
Cellura M et al (2014) Energy life-cycle approach in net zero energy buildings balance: operation and embodied energy of an Italian case study. Energ Buildings 72:371–381
Ibn-Mohammed T et al (2013) Operational vs. embodied emissions in buildings – a review of current trends. Energ Buildings 66:232–245
Lützkendorf T et al (2015) Net-zero buildings: incorporating embodied impacts. Build Res Inf 43(1):62–81
Fufa SM, Schlanbusch RD, Sørnes K, Inman M, Andresen I (2016) A Norwegian ZEB definition guideline, ZEB report 29. SINTEF Academic Press, Trondheim, Norway
Dokka TH (2011) Proposal for CO2-factor for electricity and outline of a full ZEB-definition, ZEB-memo. The Research Center on Zero Emission Buildings, Trondheim, Norway
Graabak I, Bakken BH, Feilberg N (2014) Zero emission building and conversion factors between electricity consumption and emissions of greenhouse gases in a long term perspective. Environ Clim Technol 13:12–19
Lien KM (2011) CO2 emissions from biofuels and district heating in zero emission buildings (ZEB). ZEB project report no 10. SINTEF Academic Press, Trondheim, Norway
European Union (2011) A Roadmap for moving to a competitive low carbon economy in 2050. Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, Brussels. COM (2011) 112 final, 8 Mar 2011
Kristjansdottir T, Fjeldheim H, Selvig E, Risholt B, Time B, Georges L, Dokka TH, Bourrelle J, Bohne R, Cervenka Z (2014) A Norwegian ZEB-definition embodied emission. ZEB project report no 17. SINTEF Academic Press, Trondheim, Norway
Standard Norway (2012) NS 3700:2013 criteria for passive houses and low energy buildings - residential buildings (in Norwegian). Standard Norway, Oslo
Standard Norway (2012) NS 3701:2012 criteria for passive houses and low energy buildings – non-residential buildings (in Norwegian). Standards Norway, Oslo
Sartori I, Ortiz J, Salom J, Dar UI (2014) Estimation of load and generation peaks in residential neighbourhoods with BIPV: bottom-up simulations vs. Velander method. WSB Conference – World Sustainable Buildings, Barcelona, 28–30 Oct
Baetens R, De Coninck R, Van Roy J, Verbruggen B, Driesen J, Helsen L, Saelens D (2012) Assessing electrical bottlenecks at feeder level for residential net zero-energy buildings by integrated system simulation. Appl Energy 96:74–83
Salom J, Marszal AJ, Widen J, Canaden J, Lindberg KB (2014) Analysis of load match and grid interaction indicators in net zero energy buildings with simulated and monitored data. Appl Energy 136:119–131
Dokka TH, Grini K (2013) Etterprøving av bygningers energibruk. Metodikk. SINTEF Akademisk forlag. ISBN 978–82–536-1340-6
Sørensen ÅL, Andresen I, Kristjansdottir T, Amundsen H, Edwards K (2017) ZEB Pilot house Larvik. As built report. ZEB project report no XX (in press). SINTEF Academic Press, Trondheim, Norway
Fthenakis V, Kim HRF, Raugei M, Sinha P, Stucki M (2011) Life cycle inventories and life cycle assessments of photovoltaic systems. International Energy Agency, IEA-PVPS, Task 12 edition
Sørensen ÅL, Andresen I, Walnum HT, Jenssen B, Fufa S (2017) ZEB Pilot building powerhouse Kjørbo. As built report. ZEB project report no XX (in press). SINTEF Academic Press, Trondheim, Norway
Frischknecht R, Itten R, Wyss F, Blanc I, Heath G, Raugei M, Sinha P, Wade A (2015) Life cycle assessment of future photovoltaic electricity production from residential-scale systems operated in Europe, Subtask 2.0 LCA, IEA-PVPS Task 12. International Energy Agency
Bergesen JD, Heath GA, Gibon T, Suh S (2014) Thin-film photovoltaic power generation offers decreasing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing environmental co-benefits in the long term. Environ Sci Technol 48(16):9834–9843
Mann SA, de Wild-Scholten SH, Fthenakis VM, van Sark WGJH, Sinke WC (2014) The energy payback time of advanced crystalline silicon PV modules in 2020: a prospective study. Prog Photovolt Res Appl 22(11):1180–1194
Erlandsen LM (2009) System analysis of commercial waste recovery options. MSc Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
Statistics Norway (2014). Waste from building and construction. Downloaded 4 June 2014 from https://www.ssb.no/statistikkbanken/SelectVarVal/saveselections.asp
Stastics Norway (2015) Waste from building and construction, 2013. Downloaded 4 August 2015 from http://www.ssb.no/en/natur-og-miljo/statistikker/avfbygganl/ aar/2015-06-09?fane=tabell&sort=nummer&tabell=229782
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany
About this entry
Cite this entry
Andresen, I. (2018). Definitions, Targets, and Key Performance Indicators for New and Renovated Zero Emission Buildings. In: Wang, R., Zhai, X. (eds) Handbook of Energy Systems in Green Buildings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49088-4_47-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49088-4_47-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-49088-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-49088-4
eBook Packages: Springer Reference EnergyReference Module Computer Science and Engineering