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Pediatric Nephrology pp 839–882Cite as

Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome in Children: Clinical Aspects

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Abstract

The most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children is idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS), also called nephrosis [1]. INS is defined by the combination of a nephrotic syndrome (massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema) and nonspecific histological abnormalities of the glomeruli including minimal changes, focal and segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS), and diffuse mesangial proliferation. On electron microscopy, glomeruli show an effacement of epithelial cell (podocyte) foot processes and no significant deposits of immunoglobulins or complement by immunofluorescence. In a majority of children, only minimal changes are seen on light microscopy. These children are referred to as having “minimal change disease.”

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Service de Néphrologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France

    Patrick Niaudet & Olivia Boyer

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  1. Patrick Niaudet
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  2. Olivia Boyer
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Correspondence to Patrick Niaudet .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Children’s Research Institute, Children’s Hospital, Health System of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA

    Ellis D. Avner

  2. Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    William E. Harmon

  3. Service de Néphrologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France

    Patrick Niaudet

  4. Department of Pediatrics, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama City, Japan

    Norishige Yoshikawa

  5. Division of Nephrology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital – IRCCS, Rome, Italy

    Francesco Emma

  6. Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA

    Stuart L. Goldstein

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Niaudet, P., Boyer, O. (2016). Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome in Children: Clinical Aspects. In: Avner, E., Harmon, W., Niaudet, P., Yoshikawa, N., Emma, F., Goldstein, S. (eds) Pediatric Nephrology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43596-0_24

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