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Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant Root Systems Subjected to Flooding of the Soil

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Book cover Root Ecology

Part of the book series: Ecological Studies ((ECOLSTUD,volume 168))

Abstract

Despite the fact that water uptake is a prime function of roots, excess water in soil seriously damages root growth and function and can prove fatal. Certain physical properties of water that prevent adequate gas exchange at the root surface are primarily responsible. Not only is the direct entry of oxygen by gas diffusion largely prevented, but, in addition, the normal disposal of physiologically active gases and volatiles is equally hampered. Oxygen shortage, resulting from low diffusion coefficients in flooded soils, is exacerbated by competition for oxygen from aerobic microorganisms that inhabit soil and rhizosphere. Oxygen depletion also favors growth of certain bacteria that can diminish nitrate availability to roots and, over longer time periods, produce highly soluble and toxic Mn2+and Fe2+and eventually even convert SO4 2+to the respiratory poison H2S (see Chap. 13). In the longer term, increased incidence of soil-borne fungal and bacterial diseases can be additional problems in saturated soils. This chapter reviews morphological, physiological, metabolic and molecular responses to flooding. It largely ignores the impact on germination and of total plant submergence. The focus is on effects of oxygen shortage and mechanisms of avoiding internal anoxia. Since oxygen-deficient roots influence shoot adaptation by long-distance signalling (Jackson 2002), this aspect is also considered briefly.

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  1. M. B. Jackson
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  2. B. Ricard
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  1. Section of Experimental Plant Ecology, Department of Ecology, University of Nijmegen, Toernooiveld, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Nederlands

    Hans de Kroon  & Eric J. W. Visser  & 

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Jackson, M.B., Ricard, B. (2003). Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant Root Systems Subjected to Flooding of the Soil. In: de Kroon, H., Visser, E.J.W. (eds) Root Ecology. Ecological Studies, vol 168. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09784-7_8

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