Abstract
The filter that removes from a binary image the components with area smaller than a parameter λ is called area opening. Together with its dual, the area closing, it is first extended to grey-scale images. It is then proved to be equivalent to a maximum of morphological openings with all the connected structuring elements of area greater than or equal to λ. The study of the relationships between these filters and image extrema leads to a very efficient area opening/closing algorithm. Grey-scale area openings and closings can be seen as transformations with a structuring element which locally adapts its shape to the image structures, and therefore have very nice filtering capabilities. Their effect is compared to that of more standard morphological filters. Some applications in image segmentation and hierarchical decomposition are also briefly described.
The author is grateful to Henk Heijmans, Christian Lantuéjoul, Ben Wittner, and Gilles Leborgne for several useful suggestions and fruitful discussions.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Cheng, F., Venetsanopoulos, A.N. (1991). Fast, adaptive morphological decomposition for image compression, Proc. 25th Annual Conf. on Information Sciences and Systems, pp. 35–40.
Grimaud, M. (1992). A new measure of contrast: dynamics, Proc. SPIE Vol. 1769, Image Algebra and Morphological Processing III, San Diego CA.
Knuth, D.E. (1973). The Art of Computer Programming, Vol. 3: Sorting and Searching, Addison Wesley.
Lantuéjoul, Ch., Maisonneuve, F. (1984) Geodesic methods in image analysis, Pattern Recognition 17, pp. 117–187.
Laÿ, B. (1987). Recursive Algorithms in Mathematical Morphology, Acta Stereo-logica, Vol. 6/III, Proc. 7th Int. Congress For Stereology, pp. 691–696.
Maragos. P., Schafer, R.W. (1987). Morphological filters—part II: their relations to median, order-statistics, and stack filters, IEEE Trans. on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing 35 (8), pp. 1170–1184.
Matheron, G. (1975). Random Sets and Integral Geometry, J. Wiley and Sons, New York.
Meyer, F. (1979). Iterative image transformations for the automatic screening of cervical smears, J. Histochem. and Cytochem. 27, pp. 128–135.
Meyer, F. (1990). Algorithme ordonné de ligne de partage des eaux, Tech. Report CMM, School of Mines, Paris.
Serra, J. (1982). Image Analysis and Mathematical Morphology, Academic Press, London.
Serra, J. (ed.) (1988). Image Analysis and Mathematical Morphology, Part II: Theoretical Advances, Academic Press, London.
Serra, J., Vincent, L. (1992). An overview of morphological filtering, Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing 11 (1), pp. 47–108.
Soille, P., Serra, J., Rivest, J-F. (1992). Dimensional measurements and operators in mathematical morphology, Proc. SPIE Vol. 1658 Nonlinear Image Processing III, pp. 127–138.
Sternberg, S.R. (1986). Grayscale morphology, Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing 35, pp. 333–355.
Vincent, L. (1990). Algorithmes Morphologiques à Base de Files d’Attente et de Lacets. Extension aux Graphes, PhD dissertation, School of Mines, Paris.
Vincent, L. (1992). Morphological grayscale reconstruction; definition, efficient algorithm, and applications in image analysis, Proc. IEEE Conf. on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Champaign IL, pp. 633–635.
Vincent, L. (1993). Morphological grayscale reconstruction in image analysis: applications and efficient algorithms, IEEE Trans. on Image Processing, 2, pp. 176–201.
Vincent, L. (1992). Morphological algorithms. In: Dougherty, E. (ed.), Mathematical Morphology in Image Processing, Marcel-Dekker, New York.
Wendt, P.D., Coyle, E.J., Gallagher, N.C. (1986). Stack filters, IEEE Trans. on Acoustics Speech, and Signal Processing 34 (4), pp. 898–911.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1994 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Vincent, L. (1994). Morphological Area Openings and Closings for Grey-scale Images. In: O, YL., Toet, A., Foster, D., Heijmans, H.J.A.M., Meer, P. (eds) Shape in Picture. NATO ASI Series, vol 126. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03039-4_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03039-4_13
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-08188-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-03039-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive