Abstract
Advances in the field of microsurgery over the past decade have made it possible to provide a continuing circulation to bone grafts used in the reconstruction of extremities with massive segmental bone loss following trauma or secondary to tumor resection. In order to appreciate the significance of transferring segmental autogenous bone grafts on vascular pedicles in reconstructive surgery, the surgeon must have an understanding of the methods traditionally used and, more importantly, their historical development.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Albee FH (1972) Transplantation of a portion of the tibia into the spine for Pott’s disease. Clin Orthop 87: 5–8
Allgöwer M, Blocker TG Jr, Engley BWD (1952) Some immunological aspects of auto-and homolografts in rabbits tested in vivo and in vivo techniques. Plast Reconstr Surg 9: 1–21
Alm A, Stromberg B (1974) Vascular anatomy of the patellar and cruciate ligaments: a microangiographic and histologic investigation in the dog. Acta Chir Scand [Suppl] 445: 25
American Replantation Mission to China (1973) Replantation surgery in China. Plast Reconstr Surg 52: 176
Andersson GBJ, Gaechter A, Galante JO, Rostoker W (1978) Segmental replacement of long bones in baboons using a fiber titanium implant. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 60A: 31–40
Androsov PI (1956) New methods of surgical treatment of blood vessel lesions. Arch Surg 73: 902
Ariyan S, Finseth FJ (1978) The anterior chest approach for obtaining free osteocutaneous rib grafts. Plast Reconstr Surg 62 (5): 676–685
Barth H (1895) Histologische Untersuchungen über Knochentransplantation. Beitr Path Anat Allg Pathol 17: 65–142
Baschkerzeu NJ, Petrow NN (1912) Beiträge zur freien Knochenüberpflanzung. Dtsch Z Chir 113: 490–531
Berggren A et al. (1981) The effect of different storage media and perfusion on osteoblast and osteocyte survival in free composite bone grafts revascularized by micro-vascular anastomoses. J Microsurg 2: 273
Berggren A, Weiland AJ, Dorfman H (1982) The effect of prolonged ischemia time on osteocyte and osteoblast survival in composite bone grafts revascularized by microvascular anastomosis. Plast Reconstr Surg 69: 290
Berggren A, Weiland AJ, Dorfman H (1982) Free vascularized bone grafts: factors affecting their survival and ability to heal to recipient bone defects. Plast Reconstr Surg 69 (1): 19–29
Berggren A, et al. (1982) Microvascular free bone transfer with revascularization of the medullary and periosteal circulation or the periosteal circulation alone: a comparative experimental study. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 64A: 73
Berggren A, Weiland AJ, Ostrup L (1982) Bone scintigraphy in evaluating the viability of composite bone grafts revascularized by microvascular anastomoses, conventional autogenous grafts, and free nonrevascularized periosteal grafts. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 64A: 799
Bergstedt HF, Korlof B, Lind MG, Wersall J (1978) Scintigraphy of human autologous rib transplants to a partially resected mandible. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg 12: 151–156
Boyd H (1943) The treatment of difficult and unusual non-unions. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 25: 535–552
Bright RW, Nelson FR, Stevenson JS, Strash AM (1973) Polyphosphate 99mTc scans: a quantitative method for evaluating clinical bone formation rates. Surg Forum 2: 475
Brookes M (1971) The blood supply of bone. Butterworth, London
Brookes M, Elkin AC, Harrison RG, Heald CB (1961) A new concept of capillary circulation in bone cortex. Lancet i: 1078–1081
Brookes M, Richards DJ, Singh M (1970) Vascular sequelae of experimental osteotomy. Angiography 21: 355
Buncke HJ, Fumas DW, Gordon L, Achauer B (1977) Free osteocutaneous flap from a rib to the tibia. Plast Reconstr Surg 59: 799–805
Buncke HJ, Schulz WP (1965) Experimental digital amputation and reimplantation. Plast Reconstr Surg 36: 62
Buncke HJ, Schulz WP (1965) Total ear re-implantation in the rabbit utilizing microminiature vascular anastomoses. Br J Plast Surg 19: 15
Burwell RG (1964) Biological mechanisms in foreign bone transplantation. Butter-worths, Washington DC, ( Modern trends in orthopaedics, vol. 4 )
Burwell RG (1961) Studies in the transplantation of bone. VII. The fresh composite homograft-autograft of cancellous bone: an analysis of factors lending to osteogenesis in marrow transplants in marrow-containing bone. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 46B: 110–111
Campbell WC (1919) Transference of the fibula as an adjunct free bone graft in tibial deficiency. J Orthop Surg 7: 625–631
Carrell A (1912) The preservation of tissues and its applications in surgery. J Am Med Assoc 59: 523–527
Carrell A (1908) Results of the transplantation of blood vessels, organs, and limbs. J Am Med Assoc 51: 1662–1667
Clark K (1959) A case of replacement of the upper end of the humerus by a fibular graft: reviewed after 29 years. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 41B: 365–368
Cobbett JR (1967) Microvascular surgery. Surg Clin North Am 47: 521–542
Collins GM, Bravo-Shurgarman M, Terasaki PI (1969) Kidney preservation for transplantation. Lancet ii(632): 1219–1222
Curtiss PH Jr, Powell AE, Herndon CH (1959) Immunological factors in homogenous bone transplantation: III. The inability of homogenous rabbit bone to induce circulatory antibodies in rabbits. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 41A: 1482–1488
Daniel RK, Taylor GI (1973) Distant transfer of an island flap by microvascular anastomoses. Plast Reconstr Surg 52: 111–117
D’Aubigne RM, Meary R, Thomine JM (1966) La resection dans le traitement des tumeurs des os. Rev Chir Orthop 52: 305–324
DeBruyn P, Kabish W (1955) Bone formation by fresh and frozen autogenous and homogenous transplants of bone, bone marrow, and periosteum. Am J Anat 96: 375–417
Doi K, Tominaga S, Shabata T (1977) Bone grafts with microvascular anastomoses of vascular pedicles. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 59A: 809–815
Eadie DGA, DeTakats G (1966) The early fate of autogenous grafts in the canine femoral vein. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 7: 148
Enneking WF, Burchardt H, Puhl JJ, Piotrowski G (1975) Physical and biological aspects of repair in dog cortical bone transplants. J Bone Joint Surg [Am]57A: 237–251
Gilbert A (1979) Vascularized transfer of the fibular shaft. Int J Microsurg 1(2): 100–102
Goldhaber P (1979) The effect of hyperoxia in bone resorption in tissue culture. Arch Pathol 66: 635
Gothman L (1960) The normal arterial pattern of the rabbit’s tibia: a microangiographic study. Acta Chir Scand 120: 201–210
Haas SL (1923) A study of the viability of bone after removal from the body. Arch Surg 7: 213–226
Harashina T, Buncke HJ (1975) Study of Washout solutions for microvascular replantation and transplantation. Plast Reconstr Surg 56: 542
Harashina T, Nakajima H, Imai T (1978) Reconstruction of mandibular defects with revascularized free rib grafts. Plast Reconstr Surg 62 (4): 514–522
Harmon PH (1945) A simplified surgical approach to the posterior tibia for bone grafting and fibular transference. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 27: 496–498
Haw CS, O’Brien BMC, Kurate T (1978) The microsurgical revascularization of resected segments of the tibia in the dog. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 60B: 266–269
Heiple K, Chase S, Herndon C (1963) A comparative study of the healing process following different types of bone transplantation. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 45A: 1593–1616
Herndon CH, Chase SW (1952) Experimental studies in the transplantation of whole joints. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 34A: 156–164
Herndon CH, Chase SW (1954) The fate of massive autogenous and homogenous bone grafts including articular surfaces. Surg Gynecol Obstet 98: 273–290
Holt GP, Lewis FT (1905) A new technique for end-to-end anastomosis for small arteries. Surg Forum 11: 242
Huntington TW (1905) Case of bone transference. Ann Surg 41: 249–256
Hutchinson J (1952) The fate of experimental bone autografts and homografts. Br J Surg [Am] 39: 552–561
Jacobson JH, Suarez EL (1960) Microsurgery in anastomoses of small vessels. Surg Forum 11: 243
Johnson RW (1927) A physiological study of the blood supply of the diaphysis. J Bone Joint Surg 25: 153–184
Kelly JF, Cagle JD, Stevenson JS, Adler GJ (1975) Technetium-99m radionuclide bone imaging for evaluating mandibular osseous allografts. J Oral Surg 33: 11–17
Ketchum L, Masters F, Robinson P (1974) Mandibular reconstruction using a composite island rib flap: a case report. Plast Reconstr Surg 53: 471–476
Lacroix P (1945) Recent investigation on the growth of bone. Nature 156: 576
Levander G (1938) A study of bone regeneration. Surg Gynecol Obstet 67: 704–714
Lexer E (1915) Blutige Vereinigung von Knochenbrüchen. Dtsch Z Chir 133: 1970
Lexer E (1903) Die Entstehung entzündlicher Knochenherde und ihre Beziehung zu den Arterienverzweigungen der Knochen. Arch Klin Chir 81: 1
Lexer E (1908) Substitution of whole or half joints from freshly amputated extremities by free plastic operation. Surg Gynecol Obstet 6: 601–607
Lexer E, Kuliga, Turk (1904) Untersuchungen über Knochenarterien. Hirschwold, Berlin
Little JH, Cooper P, Sarwat A, Waisman J, Fonkalsrud EW (1973) Factors influencing endothelial injury and vascular thrombosis after perfusion. J Surg Res 14: 221–227
Maatz R, Lentz W, Graf R (1954) Spongiosa test of bone grafts for transplantation. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 36A: 721–731
Mankin HJ, Fogelson FS, Thrasher AZ, Jaffer F (1976) Massive resection and allo-graft transplantation in the treatment of malignant bone tumors. N Engl J Med 194: 1247–1255
Manktelow RT, McKee NH (1978) Free muscle transplantation to provide active finger flexion. J Hand Surg [Am] 3 (5): 416–426
Marchand (1900) Zur Kenntnis der Knochentransplantation. Verh Dtsch Pathol Ges 2: 368–375
Matsui H (1968) Studies on replacement of the cervical and upper thoracic or intestinal segment. Arch Jpn Chir 37: 817–834
Nakayama K, Tamiya T, Yamamoto K, Akimoto S (1962) A simple new apparatus for small vessel anastomoses (free autograft for sigmoid included). Surgery 52: 918–931
Nettelblad H, Randolph MA, Weiland AJ (1984) Free microvascular epiphyseal plate transplantation: an experimental study. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 66A: 1421–1430
Nettelblad H, Randolph MA, Weiland AJ (1986) Heterotopic microvascular growth plate transplantation of the proximal fibula: an experimental canine model. Plast Reconst Surg 77 (5): 814
Nettelblad H, Randolph MA, Weiland AJ (1984) Physiologic isolation of the canine proximal fibular epiphysis on a vascular pedicle. Microsurgery 5 (2): 98–101
Nettelblad H, Randolph MA, Weiland AJ (1985) Short-term response of a skeletal growth plate to heterotopic microvascular transfer. J Reconstr Microsurg 1(3): 177–183
O’Brien BM (1977) Microvascular free bone and joint transfer. In: Microvascular reconstructive surgery. Churchill Livingstone, New York, pp 267–289
Ottolenghi C (1972) Massive osteo and osteo-articular bone grafts: technical results of 62 cases. Clin Orthop 87: 156–164
Parrish FF (1973) Allograft replacement of all or part of the end of a long bone following excision of a tumor: report of twenty-one cases. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 48A: 7–22
Parrish FF (1966) Treatment of bone tumors by total excision and replacement with massive autologous and homologous grafts. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 48A: 968–990
Phemister DB (1914) The fate of transplanted bone and regenerative power of various constituents. Surg Gynecol Obstet 19: 303–333
Puranen J (1966) Reorganization of fresh and preserved bone transplants. Acta Orthop Scand [Suppl] 92
Ray RD, Degge J, Gloyd P, Mooney G (1952) Bone regeneration. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 34A: 638–647
Rhinelander FW (1973) Effects of medullary nailing on the normal blood supply of diaphyseal cortex. Instr Course Lect (AAOS) 22: 161–187
Rhinelander FW (1968) The normal microcirculation of diaphyseal cortex and its response to fracture. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 50A: 784–800
Rhinelander FW, Baragry RA (1962) Microangiography in bone healing. I. Undisplaced closed fractures. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 44A: 1273–1298
Rhinelander FW, Phillips RS, Steel WM, Beer JC (1968) Microangiography in bone healing. II. Displaced closed fractures. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 50A: 643–662
Riordin DC (1945) Congenital absence of the radius. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 27A: 1129–1140
Rohlich K (1941) Bildung neuer Knochensubstanz in abgetöteten Knochentransplantation. A Mikrosk Anat Forsch 50: 132–145
Rohlich K (1942) Über die Transplantation periost-and markloser Knochenstücke. A Mikrosk Anat Forsch 51: 636–653
Salmon PA, Assimocopoulos CA (1964) A pneumatic needle holder suitable for microsurgical procedures. Surgery 55: 446
Serafin D, Villarreal-Rios A, Georgiade N (1977) A rib-containing free flap to reconstruct mandibular defects. Br J Plast Surg 30: 263–266
Shaw JL, Bassett CAL (1967) The effects of varying oxygen concentrations on osteogenesis and embryonic cartilage in vitro. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 40A: 73
Starr DE (1945) Congenital absence of the radius. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 27: 572–577
Stevenson JS, Bright RW, Dunson GL, Nelson FR (1974) Technetium-99m phosphate bone imaging: a method for assessing bone graft healing. Radiology 110: 391–394
Tamai S, Komatsu S, Sakamoto K, Sano S, Sasauchi N, Hori Y, Tatsumi Y, Okuda H (1970) Free muscle transplants in dogs with microsurgical neurovascular anastomoses. Plast Reconstr Surg 46: 219–225
Taylor GI (1977) Microvascular free bone transfer. Orthop Clin North Am 8: 425–447
Taylor GI, Miller GDH, Ham FJ (1975) The free vascularized bone graft. Plast Reconstr Surg 55: 533–544
Taylor GI, Townsend P, Corlett R (1979) Superiority of the deep circumflex iliac vessels as the supply for free groin flaps: clinical study. Plast Reconstr Surg 64(6): 745–759
Taylor GI, Townsend P, Corlett R (1979) Superiority of the deep circumflex iliac vessels as the supply for free groin flaps: experimental study. Plast Reconstr Surg 64 (5): 595–605
Taylor GI, Watson N (1978) One-stage repair of compound leg defects with free revascularized flaps of groin, skin, and iliac bone. Plast Reconstr Surg 61: 494–506
Trias A, Fery A (1979) Cortical circulation of long bones. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 61A: 1052–1059
Triplett RG, Kelly JF, Mendenshall KG, Vieras F (1979) Quantitative radionuclide imaging for early determination of fate of mandibular bone grafts. J Nucl Med 20 (4): 297–302
Trueta J, Caladias AX (1964) A study of the blood supply of the long bones. Surg Gynecol Obstet 118: 485–498
Urdaneta LF, Gilsdorf RB, Leonard AS (1968) An evaluation of pedicle infiltration, organ perfusion, and prevention of vascular collapse during canine kidney procurement for transplantation. J Surg Res 8: 314–319
Urist MR, McLean FC (1952) Osteogenetic potency and new bone formation by induction in transplants to the anterior chamber of the eye. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 34A: 443–470
Volkov M (1970) Allotransplantation of joints. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 52B: 49–53
Weiland AJ, Daniel RK (1979) Microvascular anastomoses for bone grafts in the treatment of massive defects in bone. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 61A (1): 98–104
Weiland AJ, Daniel RK, Riley LH Jr (1977) Application of the free vascularized bone graft in the treatment of malignant or aggressive bone tumors. Johns Hopkins Med J 140: 85–96
Weiland AJ, Kleinert HE, Kutz JE, Daniel RK (1979) Free vascularized bone grafts in surgery of the upper extremity. J Hand Surg [Am] 4(2): 129–144
Weiland AJ, Kleinert HE, Kutz JE, Daniel RK (1978) Vascularized bone grafts in the upper extremity. In: Serafin D, Buncke HJ Jr (eds) Microsurgical composite tissue transplantation, chap 41. Mosby, St Louis, pp 605–625
Weiland AJ, Phillips TW, Randolph MA (1984) Bone grafts: a radiologie, histologic, and biomechanical model comparing autografts, allografts, and free vascularized bone grafts. Plast Reconstr Surg 74(3): 368–379
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1989 Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Weiland, A.J. (1989). Fate of Vascularized Bone Grafts. In: Aebi, M., Regazzoni, P. (eds) Bone Transplantation. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83571-1_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83571-1_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-83573-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-83571-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive