Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Abnormal Urate Excretion Associated with Renal and Systemic Disorders, Drugs, and Toxins

  • Chapter
Uric Acid

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 51))

Abstract

Abnormalities of renal excretion of urate may result in either hyperuricemia or hypouricemia, or an increase or reduction in the elimination of uric acid by the renal tract. These four abnormalities may also be found in various combinations, the most common being hyperuricemia and reduced renal excretion of urate. However, abnormalities of plasma urate may occur without apparent abnormality of renal excretion, and abnormalities of excretion may be present with normal serum urate concentrations.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Acheson, R.M., Florey, C.V.: Body weight, ABO blood-groups, and altitude of domicile as determinants of serum-uric-acid in military recruits in four countries. Lancet 1969, II, 391–394

    Google Scholar 

  • Akaoka, I., Nishizawa, T., Yano, E., Takeuchi, A., Nishida, Y.: Familial hypouricaemia due to renal tubular defect of urate transport. Ann. clin. Res. 7, 318–324 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alepa, F.P., Howell, R.R., Klinenberg, J.R., Seegmiller, J.E.: Relationships between glycogen storage disease and tophaceous gout. Amer. J. Med. 42, 58–66 (1967)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amidi, M.: Type IV hyperlipoproteinaemia in a consanguineous family. Circulation 45, 988–990 (1972)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Appleton, M.D., Haab, W., Burti, U., Orsulak, P.J.: Plasma urate levels in mongolism. Amer. J. ment. Defic. 74, 196–199 (1969)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aronow, W.S., Vangrow, J.S., Nelson, W.H., Pagano, J., Papageorge’s, N.P., Khursheed, M., Harding, P.R., Khemka, M.: Halofenate: an effective hypolipemia- and hypouricemia-induc-ing drug. Curr. ther. Res. 15, 902–906 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ayvazian, J.H., Ayvazian, L.F.: A study of the hyperuricaemia induced by hydrochlorothiazide and acetazolamide separately and in combination. J. clin. Invest. 40, 1961–1966 (1961)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ball, G.V., Sorensen, L.B.: Pathogenesis of hyperuricemia in saturnine gout. New Engl. J. Med. 280, 1199–1202 (1969)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ballantyne, D., Strevens, E.A., Lawrie, T.D.V.: Relationship of plasma uric acid to plasma lipids and lipoproteins in subjects with peripheral vascular disease. Clin. chim. Acta 70, 323–328 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barlow, K.A.: Hyperlipidemia in primary gout. Metabolism 17, 289–299 (1968)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benedek, T.G.: Correlations of serum uric acid and lipid concentrations in normal, gouty and atherosclerotic men. Ann. intern. Med. 66, 851–861 (1967)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bengtsson, C., Johnsson, G., Sannerstedt, R., Werko, L.: Effect of different doses of chlorthalidone on blood pressure, serum potassium and serum urate. Brit. med. J. 1975, I, 197–199

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, J.S., Bond, J., Singer, I., Gottlieb, A.J.: Hypouricemia in Hodgkin’s disease. Ann. intern. Med. 76, 751–756 (1972)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berger, L., Yü, T.F.: Renal function in gout. IV. An analysis of 524 gouty subjects including long term follow-up studies. Amer. J. Med. 59, 605–613 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berger, L., Yü, T.F., Atsmon, A., Kupper, S., Gutman, A.B.: Effect of reducing renal arterial blood pressure by balloon catheter on urate excretion in the dog. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 115, 58–61 (1964)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bishop, C., Pfaff, W.: Immediate uricosuric effect of probenecid in normal humans. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 87, 346–348 (1955)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bishop, C., Zimdahl, W.T., Talbott, J.H.: Uric acid in two patients with Wilson’s disease (hepatolenticular degeneration). Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 8, 440 (1954)

    Google Scholar 

  • Blacket, R.B., Leelarthaepin, B., Palmer, A.J., Woodhill, J.M.: Coronary heart disease in young men: a study of 70 patients with a critical review of etiological factors. Aust. N.Z. J. Med. 3, 39–62 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bluestone, R., Lewis, B., Mervart, I.: Hyperlipoproteinaemia in gout. Ann. rheum. Dis. 30, 134 – 137 (1971)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bonsnes, R.W., Dana, E.S.: On the increased uric acid clearance following the intravenous infusion of hypertonic glucose solutions. J. clin. Invest. 25, 386–388 (1946)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bonsnes, R.W., Dill, L.V., Dana, E.S.: The effect of Diodrast on the normal uric acid clearance. J. clin. Invest. 23, 776 (1944)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bosco, J.S., Greenleaf, J.E., Kaye, R.L., Averkin, E.G.: Reduction of serum uric acid in young men during physical training. Amer. J. Cardiol. 25, 46–52 (1970)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bourke, E., Ledingham, J.G.G., Stokes, G.S.: Effects of intravenous ethacrynic acid on the renal handling of citrate and urate in man. Clin. Sci. 31, 231–246 (1966)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bowering, J., Calloway, D.H., Margen, S., Kaufmann, N.A.: Dietary protein level and uric acid metabolism in normal man. J. Nutr. 100, 249–261 (1970)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boyle, J.A., McKiddie, M., Buchanan, K.D., Jasani, M.K., Gray, H.W., Jackson, I.M.D., Buchanan, W.W.: Diabetes mellitus and gout. Blood sugar and plasma insulin responses to oral glucose in normal weight, overweight and gouty patients. Ann. rheum. Dis. 28 (Suppl. 1), 374–378 (1969)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Breckenridge, A.: Hypertension and hyperuricaemia. Lancet 1966, I, 15–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Brøchner-Mortensen, K.: Uric acid in blood and urine. Acta med. scand. [Suppl. 1] 84 (1937)

    Google Scholar 

  • Brodan, V., Brodanov, A., Kuhn, E., Filip, J., Pechar, J.: Ammonia and uric acid formation after rapid intravenous fructose administration to healthy subjects and patients with compensated cirrhosis of the liver. Nutr. Metab. 19, 233–241 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bulpitt, C.J.: Blood urea changes in hypertensive patients according to therapy given, blood pressure control, and serum potassium levels. Brit. Heart J. 36, 383–386 (1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bulpitt, C.J.: Serum uric acid in hypertensive patients. Br. Heart J. 37, 1210–1215 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burch, R.E., Kurke, N.: The effect of lactate infusion on serum uric acid. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 127, 17–20 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burns, J.J., Yü, T.F., Berger, L., Gutman, A.B.: Zoxazolamine-physiological disposition and uricosuric properties. Amer. J. Med. 25, 401–408 (1958)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burns, J.J., Yü, T.F., Ritterband, A., Perei, J.M., Gutman, A.B., Brodie, B.B.: A potent new uricosuric agent, the sulfoxide metabolite of the phenylbutazone analogue, G25671. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 119, 418–426 (1957)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cameron, J.S.: Uric acid and the kidney. Proc. roy. Soc. Med. 66, 900–902 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Camus, J.P., Ghata, J., Guillien, P.: Etude de quelques fractions lipidiques du plasma dans la goutte. J. med. liban. 3, 261–269 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  • Cannon, P.J., Symchych, P.S., Martini, F.E., de: The distribution of urate in human and primate kidney. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 129, 278–284 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cannon, P.J., Svahn, D.S., Martini, F.E., de: The influence of hypertonic saline infusions upon the fractional reabsorption of urate and other ions in normal and hypertensive man. Circulation 41, 97–108 (1970)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chait, A., Mancini, M., February, A.W., Lewis, B.: Clinical and metabolic study of alcoholic hy-perlipidaemia. Lancet 1972, II, 62–64

    Google Scholar 

  • Chesley, L.C., Williams, L.O.: Renal glomerular and tubular function in relation to hyperuricemia of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. Amer. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 50, 367–375 (1945)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clarkson, B.A.: Uric acid related to uraemic symptoms. Proceedings of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association, pp. 3–7. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica 1966

    Google Scholar 

  • Coburn, S.P., Seidenberg, M., Mertz, E.T.: Clearance of uric acid, urea and creatinine in Down’s syndrome. J. appl. Physiol. 24, 579–580 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  • Coburn, S.P., Sirlin, E.M., Mertz, E.T.: Metabolism of N15 labelled uric acid in Down’s syndrome. Metabolism 17, 560–562 (1968)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coe, F.L., Kavalach, A.G.: Hypercalciuria and hyperuricosuria in patients with calcium nephrolithiasis. New Engl. J. Med. 291, 1344–1350 (1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, R.D., Woods, H.F.: Clinical and biochemical aspects of lactic acidosis. Oxford-London: Blackwell 1976

    Google Scholar 

  • Connon, A.F., Wadsworth, R.J.: An evaluation of serum uric acid estimations in toxemia of pregnancy. Aust. N.Z.J. Obstet. Gynaec. 8, 197–201 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coronary Drug Project Research Group: Serum uric acid: Its association with other risk factors and with mortality in coronary heart disease. J. chron. Dis. 29, 557–569 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  • Cowdrey, S.C.: Hyperuricemia in infectious mononucleosis. J. Amer. med. Ass. 196, 319–321 (1966)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cullen, J.H., Levine, M., Fiore, J.M.: Studies of hyperuricaemia produced by pyrazinamide. Amer. J. Med. 32, 587–596 (1957)

    Google Scholar 

  • Danovitch, G.M., Weinberger, J., Berlyne, G.M.: Uric acid in advanced renal failure. Clin. Sci. 43, 331–341 (1972)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Darlington, L.G., Scott, J.T.: Plasma levels in gout. Ann. rheum. Dis. 31, 487–489 (1972)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davies, D.F., Shock, N.W.: The variability of measurement of inulin and diodrast tests of kidney function. J. clin. Invest. 29, 491–495 (1950)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Denis, G., Launay, M.P.: Carbohydrate intolerance in gout. Metabolism 18, 770–775 (1969)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Diamond, H.S., Carter, A.C., Feldman, E.B.: Abnormal regulation of carbohydrate metabolism in primary gout. Ann. rheum. Dis. 33, 554–562 (1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Diamond, H.S., Lazarus, R., Kaplan, D., Halberstam, D.: Effect of urine flow rate on urie acid excretion in man. Arthr. and Rheum. 15, 338–346 (1972)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Diamond, H.S., Meisel, A., Sharon, E., Holden, D., Cacatian, A.: Hyperuricosuria and increased tubular secretion of urate in sickle cell anemia. Amer. J. Med. 59, 796–802 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dollery, C.T., Duncan, H., Schumer, B.: Hyperuricaemia related to treatment of hypertension. Brit. med. J. 1960, II, 832–835

    Google Scholar 

  • Dorhout Mees, E.J., Assendelft, P.B., Niewenhus, M.G.: Elevation of uric acid clearance caused by inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. Acta. med. scand. 189, 69–72 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dosman, J.A., Crawhall, J.C., Klassen, G.A.: Uric acid kinetic studies in the immediate post-myocardial infarction period. Metabolism 24, 473–480 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Drenick, E.J., Swendseid, M.E., Blahd, W.H., Tuttle, S.G.: Prolonged starvation as a treatment for severe obesity. J. Amer. med. Ass. 187, 100–105 (1964)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duarte, C.G., Bland, J.H.: Calcium, phosphorus and uric acid clearances after intravenous administration of chlorothiazide. Metabolism 14, 211–219 (1965)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dubin, A., Kushner, D.S., Bronsky, D., Pascale, L.R.: Hyperuricemia in hypoparathyroidism. Metabolism 5, 703–709 (1956)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dujovne, C.A., Azarnoff, D.L., Huffman, D.H., Pentiklainen, P., Hurwitz, A., Shoeman, D.W.: One-year trials with halofenate, Clofibrate and placebo. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 19, 352–359 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eisen, A.Z., Seegmiller, J.E.: Uric acid metabolism in psoriasis. J. clin. Invest. 40, 1486–1494 (1961)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Emmerson, B.T.: Chronic lead nephropathy: the diagnostic use of calcium EDTA and the association with gout. Aust. Ann. Med. 12, 310–324 (1963)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Emmerson, B.T.: The renal excretion of urate in chronic lead nephropathy. Aust. Ann. Med. 14, 295–303 (1965)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Emmerson, B.T.: Metals and the kidney. In: Black, D.A.K. (Ed.): Renal Disease, 2nd Ed., p. 575. Oxford: Blackwell 1967

    Google Scholar 

  • Emmerson, B.T.: Alteration of urate metabolism by weight reduction. Aust. N.Z. J. Med. 3, 410 – 412(1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Emmerson, B.T.: Effect of oral fructose on urate production. Ann. rheum. Dis. 33, 276–280 (1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Emmerson, B.T., Gordon, R.B., Johnson, L.A.: Urate kinetics in hypoxanthineguanine phospho-ribosyltransferase deficiency: their significance for the understanding of gout. Quart. J. Med. 45, 49–61 (1976a)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Emmerson, B.T., Knowles, B.R.: Triglyceride concentrations in primary gout and gout of chronic lead nephropathy. Metabolism 20, 721–729 (1971)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Emmerson, B.T., Ravenscroft, P.J., Williams, G.: The effect of urine flow rate on urate clearance. Z. klin. Chem. Biochem. 14, 285–286 (1976b)

    Google Scholar 

  • Emmerson, B.T., Row, P.G.: An evaluation of the pathogenesis of the gouty kidney. Kidney Int. 8, 65–71 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Emmerson, B.T., Thompson, L., Mitchell, K.: Dose response relationship of a uricosuric diuretic. J. clin. Chem. Biochem. 14, 286 (1976 c)

    Google Scholar 

  • Epstein, F.H., Pigeon, G.: Experimental urate nephropathy: studies of the distribution of urate in renal tissue. Nephron 1, 144–157 (1964)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Evans, J.G., Prior, I. A.M., Harvey, H.P.B.: Relation of serum uric acid to body bulk, haemoglobin, and alcohol intake in two South Pacific Polynesian populations. Ann. rheum. Dis. 27, 319–325 (1968)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fadel, H.E., Northrop, G., Misenhimer, H.R.: Hyperuricemia in pre-eclampsia. A reappraisal. Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec. 125, 640–647 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fallon, H.J., Frei, E.M., III., Block, J., Seegmiller, J.E.: The uricosuria and orotic aciduria induced by 6-Azauridine. J. clin. Invest. 40, 1906–1914 (1961)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feldman, E.B., Wallace, S.L.: Hypertriglyceridaemia in gout. Circulation 29, 508–513 (1964)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ferris, T.F., Gorden, P.: Effect of angiotensin and norepinephrine upon urate clearance in man. Amer. J. Med. 44, 359–365 (1968)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fine, R.N., Strauss, J., Donnell, G.N.: Hyperuricemia in glycogen-storage disease type I. Amer. J. Dis. Child. 112, 572–576 (1966)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fox, I.H., Halperin, M.L., Goldstein, M.B., Marliss, E.B.: Renal excretion of uric acid during prolonged fasting. Metabolism 25, 551–559 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fox, I.H., Kelley, W.N.: Studies on the mechanism of fructose-induced hyperuricemia in man. Metabolism 21, 713–721 (1972)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fredrickson, D.S., Levy, R.I.: Familial hyperlipoproteinaemia. In: Stanbury, J.B., Wyngaar-den, J.B., Fredrickson, D.S. (Eds.): The Metabolic Basis of Inherited Disease, 3rd Ed., pp. 545–614. New York: McGraw Hill 1972

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedman, M.: The effect of glycine on the production and excretion of uric acid. J. clin. Invest. 26, 815–819 (1947)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fulop, M., Horowitz, M., Jaffe, A.A.: Lactic acidosis in pulmonary edema due to left ventricular failure. Ann. intern. Med. 79, 180–186 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garrick, R., Bauer, G.E., Ewan, C.E., Neale, F.C.: Serum uric acid in normal and hypertensive Australian subjects. Aust. N.Z. J. Med. 2, 351–356 (1972)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gaut, Z.N., Pocelinko, R., Solomon, H.M., Thomas, G.B.: Oral glucose tolerance, plasma insulin, and uric acid excretion in man during chronic administration of nicotinic acid. Metabolism 20, 1031–1035 (1971)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gebbie, T., Prior, I.A.M.: Alcoholic hyperlipaemia. Med. J. Aust. 2, 769–772 (1967)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gershon, S.L., Fox, I.H.: Pharmacologic effects of nicotinic acid on human purine metabolism. J. Lab. clin. Med. 84, 179–186 (1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gertler, M.M., Garn, S.M., Levine, S.A.: Serum uric acid in relation to age and physique in health and in coronary heart disease. Ann. intern. Med. 34, 1421–1431 (1951)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gibson, H.V., Doisy, E.A.: A note on the effect of some organic acids upon the uric acid excretion of man. J. biol. Chem. 55, 605 (1923)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibson, T., Grahame, R.: Gout and hyperlipidaemia. Ann. rheum. Dis. 33, 298–303 (1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gibson, T., Sims, H.P., Jimenez, S.A.: Hypouricaemia and increased renal urate clearance associated with hyperparathyroidism. Ann. rheum. Dis. 35, 372–376 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ginsberg, H., Olefsky, J., Farquhar, J.W., Reaven, G.M.: Moderate ethanol ingestion and plasma triglyceride levels. A study in normal and hypertriglyceridemic persons. Ann. intern. Med. 80, 143–149 (1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldfinger, S., Klinenberg, J.R., Seegmiller, J. E.: Renal retention of uric acid induced by infusions of ß-hydroxy-butyrate and acetoacetate. New Engl. J. Med. 272, 351–355 (1965)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, R.D., Symonds, E.M., Wilmshurst, E.G., Pawsey, C.G.K.: Plasma renin activity, plasma angiotensin and plasma and urinary electrolytes in normal and toxemic pregnancy, including a prospective study. Clin. Sci. molec. Med. 45, 115–127 (1973)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Granarne, R., Scott, J.T.: Clinical survey of 354 patients with gout. Ann. rheum. Dis. 29, 461–468 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  • Greene, M.L., Marcus, R., Aurbach, G.D., Kazam, E.S., Seegmiller, J.E.: Hypouricemia due to isolated renal tubular defect. Amer. J. Med. 53, 361–367 (1972)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gresham, G.E., Keller, M.D.: Hyperuricaemia and chronic renal disease. J. Chron. Dis. 23, 755 – 762(1971)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Griebsch, A., Zollner, N.: Normal werte der Plasmaharnsäure in Süddeutschland. Z. Klin. Chem. Biochem. 11, 346–356 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gulati, O.P.: Cited in Editorial: Renal Disease and Urate Excretion. J. Ass. Phycns India 22, 349–351 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris-Jones, J.N.: Hyperuricaemia and essential hypercholesterolaemia. Lancet 1957, I, 857

    Google Scholar 

  • Heinemann, H. O., Martini, F.E., de, Laragh, J.H.: The effect of chlorothiazide on renal excretion of electrolytes and free water. Amer. J. Med. 26, 853–861 (1959)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hensley, M.J., Read, D.J.C.: Intermittent obstruction of the upper airway during sleep causing profound hypoxaemia. Aust. N.Z.J. Med. 6, 481–486 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heuckenkamp, P.-U., Zollner, N.: Fructose-induced hyperuricaemia. Lancet 1971, I, 808–809

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodari, A.A., Srnery, R., Bumpus, F.M.: A renin-like substance in the human placenta. Obstet. Gynec. 29, 313–317 (1967)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hollister, L.E., Overall, J.E., Snow, H.L.: Relationship of obesity to serum triglyceride, cholesterol and uric acid and to plasma glucose levels. Amer. J. clin. Nutr. 20, 777–782 (1967)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holmes, E.W., Kelley, W.N., Wyngaarden, J.B.: The kidney and uric acid excretion in man. Kidney Int. 2, 115–118 (1972)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Howell, R.R., Ashton, D.M., Wyngaarden, J.B.: Glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency glycogen storage disease. Studies on the interrelationships of carbohydrate, lipid and purine abnormalities. Pediatrics 29, 553–565 (1962)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hülsmann, W.C., Eijkenboom, W.H.M., Koster, J.F., Fernandes, J.: Glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency and hyperlipidaemia. Clin. chim. Acta 30, 775–778 (1970)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ingbar, S.H., Kass, E.H., Burnett, C.N., Relman, A.S., Burrows, B.A., Sesson, J.H.: Effects of ACTH and cortisone on renal tubular transport of uric acid, phosphorus and electrolytes in patients with normal renal and adrenal function. J. Lab. clin. Med. 38, 533–541 (1951)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Isomaki, H., Kreus, K.-E.: Serum and urinary uric acid in respiratory acidosis. Acta med. scand. 184, 293–296 (1968)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, W.P.U., Harris, F.: Gout with hyperparathyroidism: Report of case with examination of synovial fluid. Brit. med. J. 1965, II, 211

    Google Scholar 

  • Jakovcic, S., Sorensen, L.B.: Studies of uric acid metabolism in glycogen storage disease associated with gouty arthritis. Arthr. and Rheum. 10, 129–134 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen, J., Blankenhorn, D.H., Kornerup, V.: Blood-uric-acid levels in familial hypercholes-terolaemia. Lancet 1966, I, 298–300

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, R.H., Walton, J.L., Krebs, H.A., Williamson, D.H.: Metabolic fuels during and after severe exercise in athletes and non-athletes. Lancet 1969, I, 452–455

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, D.P., Losowsky, M.S., Davidson, C.S., Lieber, C.S.: Effects of ethanol on plasma lipids in man. J. Lab. clin. Med. 62, 675–682 (1963)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kahn, M.F.: Goutte, obésité et plaisirs de la table. (Comparison entre 40 goutteux et 40 témoins). Nouv. Presse méd. 5, 1897–1898 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Katz, J.L., Weiner, H., Gutman, A., Yü, T.-F.: Hyperuricemia, gout, and the executive suite. J. Amer. med. Ass. 224, 1251–1257 (1973)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaufman, J.M.: Hyperuricemia in mongolism. New Engl. J. Med. 276, 953–956 (1967)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaye, J.P., Galton, D.J.: Triglyceride production rates in patients with type IV hypertriglyc-eridaemia. Lancet 1975, I, 1005–1007

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelley, W.N., Goldfinger, S.E., Hardy, H.L.: Hyperuricemia in chronic beryllium disease. Ann. intern. Med. 70, 977–983 (1969)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kelley, W.N., Greene, M.L., Fox, I.H., Rosenbloom, R.M., Levy, R.I., Seegmiller, J.E.: Effects of orotic acid on purine and lipoprotein metabolism in man. Metabolism 19, 1025–1053 (1970)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kelley, W.N., Rosenbloom, F.M., Seegmiller, J.E.: The effects of azathioprine (Imuran) on purine synthesis in clinical disorders of purine metabolism. J. clin. Invest. 46, 1518–1529 (1967)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kelley, W.N., Rosenbloom, F.M., Seegmiller, J.E., Howell, R.R.: Excessive production of uric acid in type I glycogen storage disease. J. Pediat. 72, 488–496 (1968)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khachadurian, A.K., Arslanian, M.J.: Hypouricemia due to renal uricosuria. Ann. intern. Med. 78, 547–550 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kinsey, D.: Gout and hyperuricaemia in hypertensive patients 15–25 years following lumbodor-sal sympathectomy. Arthr. and Rheum. 6, 778–779 (1963)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kippen, J., Whitehouse, M.W., Klinenberg, J.R.: Pharmacology of uricosuric drugs. Ann. rheum. Dis. 33, 391–396 (1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klein, W.W.: Leberfunktion bei Gicht und asymptomatischer Hyperurikämie. Z. Rheumaforsch. 30, 230–235 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Knochel, J.P., Dotin, L.N., Hamburger, R.J.: Heat stress, exercise and muscle injury: Effects on urate metabolism and renal function. Ann. intern. Med. 81, 321–328 (1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krakoff, I.H., Balis, M.E.: Studies on the uricogenic effect of 2-substituted thiadiazoles in man. J. clin. Invest. 38, 907–915 (1959)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kramer, H.J., Lu, E., Gonick, H.E.: Organic acid excretion patterns in gout. Ann. rheum. Dis. 31, 137–144 (1972)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kreisberg, R.A., Owen, W.C., Siegal, A.M.: Ethanol-induced hyperlactic-acidemia: Inhibition of lactate utilization. J. clin. Invest. 50, 166–185 (1971)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuntz, D., Roques, C., Paolaggi, F., Ryckewaert, A.: Étude comparative de la triglycéridèrnie, de la lipidémie, de la glycémie et de l’index pondéral chez les hyperuricémiques et les normo-uricémiques. Path. et Biol. (Paris) 17, 399–403 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lajtha, L.G., Vane, J.R.: Dependence of bone marrow cells on the liver for purine supply. Nature (Lond.) 182, 191–192(1958)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, D.B., Drinkard, J.P., Rosen, V.J., Gonick, H.C.: The adult Fanconi syndrome. Observations on etiology, morphology, renal function and mineral metabolism in three patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 51, 107–138 (1972)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leeper, R.D., Benua, R.S., Brener, J.L., Rawson, R.W.: Hyperuricemia in myxedema. J. clin. En-docr. 20, 1457–1466 (1960)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lefèvre, A., Adler, H., Lieber, C.S.: Effect of ethanol on ketone metabolism. J. clin. Invest. 49, 1775–1782(1970)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lefkovits, A.M., Herman, J.T., Irving, C.C.: Cessation of gout following portacaval shunt. J. Amer. med. Ass. 205, 213–214 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lemieux, G., Kiss, A., Gougoux, A., Vinay, P.: Tienilic acid (Ticrynafen): a new diuretic with uricosuric properties in man and dog. J. clin. Chem. Biochem. 14, 306 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lemieux, G., Vinay, P., Gougoux, A., Michaud, G.: Nature of the uricosuric action of benzioda-rone. Amer. J. Physiol. 224, 1440–1449 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lieber, C.S.: The metabolism of alcohol. Sci. Amer. 234, 25–33 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lieber, C.S., Jones, D.P., Losowsky, M.S., Davidson, C.S.: Interrelation of uric acid and ethanol metabolism in man. J. clin. Invest. 41, 1863–1870 (1962)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Losowsky, M.S., Jones, D.P., Davidson, C.S., Lieber, C.S.: Studies of alcoholic hyperlipemia and its mechanism. Amer. J. Med. 35, 794–803 (1963)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Losowsky, M.S., Kenward, D.H.: Lipid metabolism in acute and chronic renal failure. J. Lab. clin. Med. 71, 736–743 (1968)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MacLachlan, M.J., Rodnan, G.P.: Effects of food, fast, and alcohol on serum uric acid and acute attacks of gout. Amer. J. Med. 42, 38–57 (1967)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McPhaul, J.J.: Hyperuricaemia and urate excretion in chronic renal disease. Metabolism 17, 430–438 (1968)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maenpaa, P.H., Raivio, K.O., Kekomaki, M.P.: Liver adenine nucleotides: Fructose-induced depletion and its effect on protein synthesis. Science 161, 1253–1254 (1968)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manuel, M.A., Steele, T.H.: Changes in renal urate handling after prolonged thiazide treatment. Amer. J. Med. 57, 741–746 (1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maria, F.J., de, See, H.Y.C.: Role of the placenta in pre-eclampsia. Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec. 94, 471–476 (1966)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Martinez-Maldonado, M.: Polycystic kidney disease and hyperuricemia. Ann. intern. Med. 80, 116 (1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meisel, A., Diamond, H.: Effect of vasopressin on uric acid excretion: evidence for distal nephron reabsorption of urate in man. Clin. Sci. molec. Med. 51, 33–40 (1976)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mertz, D.R.: Gicht, Diabetes Mellitus und Fettleber. Münch. med. Wschr. 5, 180–185 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mertz, D.P., Schwoerer, P., Babucke, G.: On the classification of hyperlipoproteinaemia in primary gout. Dtsch. med. Wschr. 15, 600–604 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  • Michelis, M.F., Warms, P.C., Fusco, R.P., Davis, B.B.: Hypouricemia and hyperuricosuria in Laennec cirrhosis. Arch. intern. Med. 134, 681–683 (1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mielants, H., Veys, E.M., Weerat, A., de: Gout and its relation to lipid metabolism. I. Serum uric acid, lipid and lipoprotein levels in gout. II. Correlation between uric acid, lipid, and lipoprotein levels in gout. Ann. rheum. Dis. 32, 501–509 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mintz, D.H., Canary, J.J., Carreon, G., Kyle, L.H.: Hyperuricemia in hyperparathyroidism. New Engl. J. Med. 265, 112–115 (1961)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Monkus, E., Nyhan, W.L., Fogel, B.J., Yankow, S.: Concentrations of uric acid in the serum of neonatal infants and their mothers. Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec. 108, 91–97 (1970)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, J.M., Hartley, M.W., Miller, R.E.: Nephropathy in chronic lead poisoning. Arch. intern. Med. 118, 17–29 (1966)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Myers, A.R., Epstein, F.H., Dodge, H.J., Mikkelsen, W.M.: The relationship of serum uric acid to risk factors in coronary heart disease. Amer. J. Med. 45, 520–528 (1968)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nanra, R.S.: Personal communication (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  • Newcombe, D.S.: Ethanol metabolism and uric acid. Metabolism 21, 1193–1203 (1972)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Newcombe, D.S.: Gouty arthritis and polycystic kidney disease. Ann. intern. Med. 79, 605–606 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nicholls, A., Scott, J.T.: Effect of weight loss on plasma and urinary levels of uric acid. Lancet 1972, II, 1223–1224

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicholls, A., Snaith, M.L., Scott, J.T.: Effect of oestrogen therapy on plasma and urinary levels of uric acid. Brit. med. J. 1973, I, 449–451

    Google Scholar 

  • Nichols, J., Miller, A.T., Hiatt, E. P.: Influence of muscular exercise on uric acid excretion in men. J. appl. Physiol. 3, 501–507 (1951)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olefsky, J.M., Farquhar, J.W., Reaven, G.M.: Reappraisal of the role of insulin in hypertriglyceridemia. Amer. J. Med. 57, 551–560 (1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ostberg, Y.: Renal urate deposits in chronic renal insufficiency. Acta med. scand. 183, 197–201 (1968)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ostrander, L.D., Lamphiear, D.E., Block, W.D., Johnson, B.C., Ravenscroft, C., Epstein, F.H.: Relationship of serum lipid concentrations to alcohol consumption. Arch. intern. Med. 134, 451–456 (1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pablico, R.C., Canfield, C.J., Barry, K.G.: The effects of acute total caloric starvation on uric acid metabolism in obese human subjects. Clin. Res. 13, 45 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  • Padova, J., Bendersky, G.: Hyperuricemia in diabetic ketoacidosis. New Engl. J. Med. 267, 530 – 534 (1962)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Padova, J., Patchefsky, A., Onesti, G., Faludi, G., Bendersky, G.: The effect of glucose loads on renal uric acid excretion in diabetic patients. Metabolism 13, 507–512 (1964)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peenen, H. J., Van: The causes of nonazotemic hyperuricemia. Amer. J. clin. Pathol. 55, 698–700 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pell, S., D’Alonzo, C.A.: The prevalence of chronic disease among problem drinkers. Arch. environ. Hlth. 16, 679–684 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Perheentupa, J., Raivio, K.: Fructose-induced hyperuricaemia. Lancet 1967, II, 528–531

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pollak, V.E., Nettles, J.B.: The kidney in toxemia of pregnancy. A clinical and pathological study based on renal biopsies. Medicine (Baltimore) 39, 469–526 (1960)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Postlethwaite, A.E., Kelley, W.N.: Uricosuric effect of radio contrast agents. A study in man of four commonly used preparations. Ann. intern. Med. 74, 845–852 (1971)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Postlethwaite, A.E., Kelley, W.N.: Studies on the mechanism of ethambutol-induced hyperuricemia. Arthr. and Rheum. 15, 403–409 (1972)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Postlethwaite, A.E., Ramsdell, M., Kelley, W.N.: Uricosuric effect of an anticholinergic agent in hyperuricemic subjects. Arch. intern. Med. 134, 270–275 (1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Praetorius, E., Kirk, J.E.: Hypouricaemia: with evidence for tubular elimination of uric acid. J. Lab. clin. Med. 35, 865–868 (1950)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raivio, K.O., Becker, M.A., Meyer, L.J., Greene, M.L., Nuki, G., Seegmiller, J.E.: Stimulation of human purine synthesis de novo by fructose infusion. Metabolism 24, 861–869 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ramsay, L., Levine, D., Shelton, J., Branch, R., Auty, R.: Alkalosis and urate clearance. Ann. intern. Med. 83, 903–904 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ramsdell, C.M., Postlethwaite, A.E., Kelley, W.N.: Uricosuric effect of glyceryl guaiacolate. J. Rheumatol. 1, 114–116 (1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ravenscroft, P.J., Sands, J.M., Emmerson, B.T.: Studies of the uricosuric action of the hypolipidemic drug halofenate. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 14, 547–551 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Redman, C.W., Beilin, L.J., Bonnar, J., Wilkinson, R.H.: Plasma-urate measurements in predicting fetal death in hypertensive pregnancy. Lancet 1974, I, 1370–1373

    Google Scholar 

  • Redman, C.W., Bonnar, J., Beilin, L.J., McNeilly, A.S.: Prolactin in hypertensive pregnancy. Brit, med. J. 1976, I, 304–306

    Google Scholar 

  • Reese, O.G., Steele, T.H.: Renal transport of urate during diuretic-induced hypouricemia. Amer. J. Med. 60, 973–978 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Richet, G.: Some aspects of uric acid metabolism in chronic renal failure. In: Berlyne, G.M. (Ed.): Nutrition in Renal Disease. Edinburgh: Livingstone 1968

    Google Scholar 

  • Richet, G., Albahary, C., Ardaillou, R., Sultan, C., Morel-Maroger, A.: Le rien du saturnisme chronique. Rev. franc. Étud. clin. biol. 9, 188–196 (1964)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Richet, G., Mignon, F., Ardaillou, R.: Goutte secondaire des nephropathies chroniques. Presse méd. 73, 633–638 (1965)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rieselbach, R.E., Sorensen, L.B., Shelp, W.D., Steele, T.H.: Diminished renal urate secretion per nephron as a basis for primary gout. Ann. intern. Med. 73, 359–366 (1970)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rondier, J., Truffert, J., Go, A., le, Brouilhet, H., Saporta, L., Gennes, J.L., de, Delbarre, F.: Goutte et hyperlipidémies (étude portant sur 50 goutteux et sur 50 sujets non gouttes). Rev. europ. Étud. clin. biol. 15, 959–968 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenfeld, J.B.: Effect on long term allopurinol administration on serial GFR in normotensive and hypertensive hyperuricaemic subjects. In: Sperling, O., De Vries, A., Wyngaarden, J.B. (Eds.): Purine Metabolism in Man. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, Vol. XLIB, pp. 581–596. New York: Plenum 1974

    Google Scholar 

  • Sahebjami, H., Scalettar, R.: Effects of fructose infusion on lactate and uric acid metabolism. Lancet 1971, I, 366–369

    Google Scholar 

  • Saker, B.M., Tofler, O.B., Burvill, M.J., Reilly, K.A.: Alcohol consumption and gout. Med. J. Aust. 1, 1213 (1967)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sandler, M., Baldock, E.: In vivo monamine oxidase activity in toxaemia of pregnancy. J. Obstet. Gynaec. 70, 279–283 (1963)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sarre, H., Mertz, D.R.: Sekundäre Gicht bei Niereninsuffizienz. Klin. Wschr. 43, 1134–1140 (1965)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schaffer, N.K., Dill, L.V., Cadden, J.F.: Urie acid clearance in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia. J. clin. Invest. 22, 201–206 (1943)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schapiro, R.H., Scheig, R.L., Drummey, G.D., Mendelson, J.H., Isselbacher, K. J.: Effect of prolonged ethanol ingestion on the transport and metabolism of lipids in man. New Engl. J. Med. 272, 610–615 (1965)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schlosstein, L., Kippen, I., Bluestone, R., Whitehouse, M.W., Klinenberg, J.R.: Association between hypouricemia and jaundice. Ann. rheum. Dis. 33, 308–312 (1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schlosstein, L.H., Kippen, I., Whitehouse, M.W., Bluestone, R., Paulus, H.E., Klinenberg, J.R.: Studies with some novel uricosuric agents and their metabolites: correlation between clinical activity and drug-induced displacement of urate from its albumin-binding sites. J. Lab. clin. Med. 82, 412–418 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schneeweiss, J., Poole, G.W.: Hyperuricaemia due to pyrazinamide. Brit. med. J. 1960, II, 830 – 832

    Google Scholar 

  • Schonfeld, G., Kudzma, D.J.: Type IV hyperlipoproteinemia: a critical appraisal. Arch. Intern. Med. 132, 55–62 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scott, J.T., McCallum, F.M., Holloway, V.P.: Starvatin, ketosis and uric acid excretion. Clin. Sci. 27, 209–221 (1964)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scott, J.T., Dixon, A. St. J., Bywaters, E.G.L.: Association of hyperuricaemia and gout with hyperparathyroidism. Brit. med. J. 1964, I, 1070–1073

    Google Scholar 

  • Seegmiller, J.E., Grayzel, A.L., Laster, L., Liddle, L.: Uric acid production in gout. J. clin. Invest. 40, 1304–1314 (1961)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seitchik, J., Szutka, A., Alper, C.: Further studies on the metabolism of N15-labelled uric acid in normal and toxemic pregnant women. Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec. 76, 1151–1155 (1958)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Semple, P.F., Carswell, W., Boyle, J.A.: Serial studies of the renal clearance of urate and inulin during pregnancy and after the Puerperium in normal women. Clin. Sci. molec. Med. 47, 559–565 (1974)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shelp, W.P., Rieselbach, R.E.: Increased bidirectional urate transport per nephron following unilateral nephrectomy. Amer. Soc. Nephrol. Abst. 24 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  • Shelp, W.D., Steele, T.H., Rieselbach, R.E.: Comparison of urinary phosphate, urate and magnesium excretion following parathyroid hormone administration to normal man. Metabolism 18, 63–70 (1969)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shulman, J.D., Lustberg, T.J., Seegmiller, J.E.: Hyperuricemia in branched chain ketoaciduria (maple syrup urine disease). Arthr. and. Rheum. 13, 347a (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  • Simkin, P. A., Skeith, M.D., Healy, L.A.: Suppression of uric acid secretion in a patient with renal hypouricaemia. Advanc. exp. med. Biol. [B] 41, 723–728 (1974)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simon, N.M., Smucker, J.E., O’Connor, V.J., Greco, F., del: Differential uric acid excretion in essential and renal hypertension. Circulation 39, 121–125 (1969)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sirota, J.H., Yu, T.-F., Gutman, A.B.: Effect of benemid (p-[di-n-propyl-sulfamyl]benzoic acid) on urate clearance and other discrete renal functions in gouty subjects. J. clin. Invest. 31, 692–701 (1952)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Skeith, M.D., Healey, L. A., Cutler, R.E.: Urate excretion during mannitol and glucose diuresis. J. Lab. clin. Med. 70, 213–220 (1967)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Skeith, M.D., Healey, L. A., Cutler, R.E.: Effect of phloridzin on uric acid excretion in man. Amer. J. Physiol. 219, 1080–1082 (1970)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sorensen, L.B., Benke, P.J.: Biochemical evidence for a distinct type of primary gout. Nature (Lond.) 213, 1122–1123 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sorensen, L.B., Levinson, D.J.: Clinical evaluation of benzbromarone. A new uricosuric drug. Arthr. and Rheum. 19, 183–190 (1976)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sougin-Mibashan, R., Horwitz, M.: The uricosuric action of ethyl biscoumacetate. Lancet 1955, I, 1191–1197

    Google Scholar 

  • Sperling, O., Weinberger, A., Oliver, I., Liberman, U.A., Vries, A., de: Hypouricemia, hypercalci-uria and decreased bone density. A new hereditary syndrome. Advanc. exp. med. Biol. 41, 717–721 (1974)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stamm, W.E., Webb, D.I. Partial deficiency of hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase in an adult patient. Arch. intern. Med. 135, 1107–1109 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steele, T.H.: Evidence for altered renal urate reabsorption during changes in volume of the extracellular fluid. J. Lab. clin. Med. 74, 288–299 (1969)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steele, T.H.: Urate secretion in man: The pyrazinamide suppression test. Ann. intern. Med. 79, 734–737 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steele, T.H., Manuel, M.A., Boner, G.: Diuretics, urate excretion and sodium reabsorption: Effect of acetazolamide and urinary alkalinization. Nephron 14, 49–61 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steele, T.H., Oppenheimer, S.: Factors affecting urate excretion following diuretic administration in man. Amer. J. Med. 47, 564–574 (1969)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steele, T.H., Rieselbach, R.E.: The renal mechanism for urate homeostasis in normal man. Amer. J. Med. 43, 868–875 (1967a)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steele, T.H., Rieselbach, R.E.: The contribution of residual nephrons within the chronically diseased kidney to urate homeostasis in man. Amer. J. Med. 43, 876–886 (1967b)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stein, J.H., Ferris, T.F., Huprich, J.E., Smith, T.C., Osgood, R.W.: Effect of renal vasodilatation on the distribution of cortical blood flow in the kidney of the dog. J. clin. Invest. 50, 1429–1438 (1971)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stein, H.B., Hasan, A., Fox, I.H.: Ascorbic acid-induced uricosuria. A consequence of megavi-tamin therapy. Ann. intern. Med. 84, 385–388 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stormont, D., Davies, C., Emmerson, B.T.: Urate production in heterozygotes for glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency. Clin. chim. Acta 71, 303–308 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Suki, W.N., Hull, A.R., Rector, F.C., Seldin, D.W.: Mechanism of the effect of thiazide diuretics on calcium and uric acid. J. clin. Invest. 46, 1121 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  • Suki, W.N., Martinez-Maldonado, M., Rouse, D., Terry, A.: Effect of expansion of extracellular fluid volume on renal phosphate handling. J. clin. Invest. 48, 1888–1894 (1969)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, G.R., Mikkelsen, W.M., Willis III, P.W.: The uricosuric effect of certain oral anticoagulant drugs. Arthr. and Rheum. 2, 383–388 (1959)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tran, M.H., Lellouch, J., Richard, J.L.: Fat body mass. II. Its relationships with some biological parameters, blood pressure and physical training in a population of 8660 men aged 20 to 55. Biomedicine 18, 499–506 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trevaks, G., Lovell, R.R.H.: Effect of atromid and its components on uric acid excretion and on gout. Ann. rheum. Dis. 24, 572–575 (1965)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Verger, D., Leroux-Robert, C., Ganter, P., Richet, G.: Les tophus goutteux de la médullaire rénale des urémiques chroniques. Nephron 4, 356–370 (1967)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weiner, I.M., Tinker, J.P.: Pharmacology of pyrazinamide; metabolic and renal function studies related to the mechanism of drug-induced urate retention. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 180, 411 (1972)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weinman, E.J., Eknoyan, G., Suki, W.N.: The influence of the extracellular fluid volume on the tubular reabsorption of uric acid. J. clin. Invest. 55, 283–291 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weinstein, B., Irrevere, F., Watkin, D.M.: Lung carcinoma, hypouricemia and aminoaciduria. Amer. J. Med. 39, 520–526 (1965)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Whitehouse, F.W., Cleary, W.J.: Diabetes mellitus in patients with gout. J. Amer. med. Ass. 197, 73–76 (1966)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wiedemann, E., Rose, H.B., Schwartz, E.: Plasma lipoproteins, glucose tolerance and insulin response in primary gout. Amer. J. Med. 53, 299–307 (1972)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wiener, K.: Uraemia and hyperuricaemia in acute myocardial infarction. Clin. Chim. Acta 73, 45–50 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, D.M., Goldstein, N.P.: Renal urate excretion in patients with Wilson’s Disease. Kidney Int. 4, 331–336 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Woods, H.F., Alberti, K.G.M.M.: Dangers of intravenous fructose. Lancet 1972, II, 1354–1356

    Google Scholar 

  • Woods, H.F., Eggleston, L.V., Krebs, H.A.: The cause of hepatic accumulation of fructose loading. Biochem. J. 119, 501–510 (1970)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wyngaarden, J.B.: The effect of phenylbutazone on uric acid metabolism in two normal subjects. J. clin. Invest. 34, 256–262 (1955)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yü, T.F., Berger, L., Gutman, A.B.: Hypoglycemic and uricosuric properties of acetohexamide and hydroxyhexamide. Metabolism 17, 309–316 (1968)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yü, T.F., Berger, L., Stone, D.J., Wolf, J., Gutman, A.B.: Effects of pyrazinamide and pyrazinoic acid on urate clearance and other discrete renal functions. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. 96, 264–267 (1957)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yü, T.F., Gutman, A.B.: Paradoxical retention of uric acid by uricosuric drugs in low dosage. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 90, 542 (1955)

    Google Scholar 

  • Yü, T.F., Gutman, A.B.: Study of the paradoxical effects of salicylate in low, intermediate and high dosage on the renal mechanisms for excretion of urate in man. J. clin. Invest. 38, 1298 – 1315 (1959)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yü, T.F., Kaung, C., Gutman, A.B.: Effect of glycine loading in plasma and urinary uric acid and amino acids in normal and gouty subjects. Amer. J. Med. 49, 352–359 (1970)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yü, T.F., Sirota, J.H., Berger, L., Halpern, M., Gutman, A.B.: Effect of sodium lactate infusion on urate clearance in man. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 96, 809–813 (1957)

    Google Scholar 

  • Yü, T.F., Sirota, J.H., Gutman, A.B.: Effects of phenylbutazone on renal clearance of urate and other discrete renal functions in gouty subjects. J. clin. Invest. 32, 1121–1132 (1953)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmer, J.G., Demis, D.J.: Associations between gout, psoriasis and sarcoidosis with consideration of their pathogenic significance. Ann. intern. Med. 64, 786–796 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. B. T. Emmerson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA

    William N. Kelley MD (Professor and Chairman) (Professor and Chairman)

  2. Department of Pathology, Upstate Medical Center, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA

    Irwin M. Weiner MD (Professor and Chairman) (Professor and Chairman)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1978 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Emmerson, B.T. (1978). Abnormal Urate Excretion Associated with Renal and Systemic Disorders, Drugs, and Toxins. In: Kelley, W.N., Weiner, I.M. (eds) Uric Acid. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 51. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-66867-8_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-66867-8_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-66869-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-66867-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation