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Immunophenotypic Detection of Minimal Residual Disease in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

  • Conference paper
Acute Leukemias VI

Part of the book series: Haematology and Blood Transfusion / Hämatologie und Bluttransfusion ((HAEMATOLOGY,volume 38))

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Abstract

The aims of the present study were: (a) to analyze the incidence of leukemia-associated phenotypes within patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia; (b) to determine the frequency and the causes of phenotypic changes in relapse samples, and (c) to analyze the clinical impact of the immunophenotypic detection of minimal residual disease in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). A total of 72 ALL cases (T lineage: 16, B lineage: 56 patients) were included in the study and a total of 323 complete remission follow-up bone marrow samples were analyzed; 78% of the cases displayed leukemia-associated phenotypes at diagnosis (T-lineage ALL: 100%, and B-lineage ALL: 72%). The overall distribution of the different types of leukemia-associated phenotypes was: lineage “infidelity” 56%, asynchronous antigen expression 23%, antigen over-expression 18%, tissue-restricted phenotypes 15%, and “rate” phenotypes 5%. The incidence of DNA aneuploidy was 15%, most of the cases corresponding to B-lineage leukemias. From these patients 75% displayed more than one aberrant phenotype. The presence of more than one blast cell population was detected in 28% of the cases.

Follow-up studies have shown that upon considering individually each of the immunological markers analyzed, phenotypic changes are relatively rare (6.4%), although they might be detected in a high proportion of patients (37%). However, an aberrant criterion was involved in the phenotypic changes in only 20% of these patients. Moreover, in all cases, at least one of the aberrations detected at diagnosis remained constant at relapse. Phenotypic changes were frequently related to technical artefacts (27%) and to the existence of minor blast cell populations at diagnosis (27%).

Regarding clinical outcome, on most occasions (84%) relapses were predicted by an increase in the proportion of bone marrow cells displaying leukemia-associated phenotypes. In addition, when an increase in the proportion of cells displaying a leukemia-associated phenotype was detected in two consecutive complete remission bone marrow samples, the patient tended to relapse (70% of the cases).

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Unit of Cytometry, University of Salamanca, Spain

    J. Ciudad, B. Valverde & A. M. A. Loperz

  2. Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Salamanca, Spain

    J. F. San Miguel, M. C. Lopez-Berges, B. Vidriales, M. Gonzalez & R. Garcia-Sanz

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  1. J. Ciudad
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  2. J. F. San Miguel
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  3. M. C. Lopez-Berges
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  4. B. Valverde
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  5. B. Vidriales
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  6. A. M. A. Loperz
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  7. M. Gonzalez
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  8. R. Garcia-Sanz
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  9. A. Orfao
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Strasse 33, 48145, Münster, Germany

    T. Büchner

  2. Department of Pediatrics, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Strasse 33, 48145, Münster, Germany

    G. Schellong , J. Ritter  & U. Creutzig ,  & 

  3. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany

    W. Hiddemann  & B. Wörmann  & 

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© 1997 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Ciudad, J. et al. (1997). Immunophenotypic Detection of Minimal Residual Disease in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. In: Büchner, T., Schellong, G., Ritter, J., Creutzig, U., Hiddemann, W., Wörmann, B. (eds) Acute Leukemias VI. Haematology and Blood Transfusion / Hämatologie und Bluttransfusion, vol 38. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60377-8_53

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60377-8_53

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-64379-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-60377-8

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