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The Metabolic Pathway of Tetrapyrrole Biosynthesis

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Peroxidizing Herbicides

Abstract

The aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of the metabolic pathway of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis. Tetrapyrroles play a pivotal role in many biochemical processes. They participate as prosthetic groups or chromophores in light harvesting (chlorophyll (Chl)-binding proteins), respiration or phosphorylation (cytochromes), removal of reactive oxygen species or detoxification (cytochrome P450, catalase, peroxidase), nitrogen fixation (leghemoglobin), oxygen transport (hemoglobin), storage (myoglobin) and light perception (phytochrome). All tetrapyrroles are synthesised in a branched pathway, in which various end products are formed in different amounts. The most abundant cyclic tetrapyrroles are Chl and heme which are characterised by a chelated magnesium and iron, respectively. Protoheme is an intermediate in the formation of the open chain and iron free phycobilins which are the chromophores of the phycobiliproteins in cyanobacteria and red algae, and of phytochromobilin for phytochrome in plants and algae. Uroporphyrinogen (Urogen) III, which is a metabolic intermediate in the main pathway leading to heme and chlorophyll synthesis, is also the precursor of a branch pathway leading to the synthesis of cobalt containing vitamin B12 (cobalamins), siroheme or the nickel chelating corrins (coenzyme F 430).

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  1. Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung Gatersleben (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, D-06466, Gatersleben, Germany

    Bernhard Grimm

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  1. Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Konstanz, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany

    Peter Böger

  2. Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Tamagawa University, Machida-shi, Tokyo, 194-8610, Japan

    Ko Wakabayashi

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Grimm, B. (1999). The Metabolic Pathway of Tetrapyrrole Biosynthesis. In: Böger, P., Wakabayashi, K. (eds) Peroxidizing Herbicides. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58633-0_8

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