Abstract
Feeding comprises three consecutive behavioral acts which often merge into one another: (1) foraging; (2) food acquisition; (3) digestion. Foraging is a matter of food searching in which the whole bird is involved and ends with head fixation just above the food. Vision serves as the primary control system. Optimality theory is used to develop a general foraging theory (e.g. Stephens and Krebs 1986).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Allen RP (1956) The flamingos: their life history and survival. Res Rep 5. National Audubon Society, New York, 285 pp
Beichle U (1987) Lebensraum, Bestand und Nahrungsaufnahme der Zahntaube, Didunculus strigirostris. J Ornithol 128: 75–89
Benkman CW (1987a) Crossbill foraging behavior, bill structure, and patterns of food profitability. Wilson Bull 99: 351–368
Benkman CW (1987b) On the advantages of crossed mandibles: an experimental approach. Ibis 130: 288–293
Benkman CW (1988) Seed handling ability, bill structure, and the cost of specialization for crossbills. Auk 105: 715–719
Berkhoudt H (1976) The epidermal structure of the bill tip organ in ducks. Neth J Zool 26: 561–566
Berkhoudt H (1980) The morphology and distribution of cutaneous mechanoreceptors in the bill and tongue of the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos L.). Neth J Zool 30: 1–34
Berkhoudt H (1985) Structure and function of avian taste receptors. In: King AS, McLelland J (eds) Form and function in birds, vol 3. Academic Press, London, pp 463–496
Berkhoudt H, Zweers GA (1990) Food intake in the carrion crow Corvus corone. Acta XX Cong Int Ornithol, pp 476
Bermejo R, Allan RW, Houben D, Deich JD, Zeigler HP (1989) Prehension in the pigeon. I. Descriptive analysis. Exp Brain Res 75: 569–576
Bhattacharyya BN (1980) The morphology of the jaw and tongue musculature of the common pigeon, Columba livia, in relation to its feeding habit. Proc Zool Soc, Calcutta 31: 95–127
Bhattacharyya BN (1990) The functional morphology of the lingual apparatus of two species of imperial pigeons, Ducula aenea nicobarica and D. badia insignis. Proc Zool Soc, Calcutta 43: 65–93
Bildstein KL (1983) Age-related differences in the flocking and foraging behavior of white ibises in a South Carolina salt marsh. Colon Waterbirds 6: 45–53
Bildstein KL (1987) Energetic consequences of sexual dimorphism in white ibises (Eudocimus albus). Auk 104: 771–775
Bildstein KL, McDowell SG, Brisbin IL (1989) Consequences of sexual dimorphism in sand fiddler crabs, Uca pugilator: differential vulnerability to avian predation. Anim Behav 37: 133–139
Bischof H-J (1988) The visual field and visually guided behavior in the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata). J Comp Physiol A 163: 329–337
Boates JS, Goss-Custard JD (1989) Foraging behaviour of oystercatchers Haematopus ostralegus during a diet switch from worms Nereis diversicolor to clams Scrobicularia plana. Can J Zool 67: 2225–2231
Bock WJ (1964) Kinetics of the avian skull. J Morphol 114: 1–42
Bock WJ (1966) An approach to the functional analysis of the bill shape. Auk 83: 10–51
Bock WJ (1972) Morphology of the tongue apparatus of Ciridops anna (Drepanididae). Ibis 114: 61–78
Bock WJ (1978) The preglossale of passer — a skeletal neomorph. J Morphol 155: 99–110
Bock WJ, Balda RP, Vander Wall SB (1973) Morphology of the sublingual pouch and tongue musculature in Clarck’s nutcracker. Auk 90: 491–519
Bolze G (1968) Anordnung und Bau der Herbstchen Körperchen in Limicolenschnäbeln in Zusammenhang mit der Nahrungsfindung. Zool Anz 181: 21–355
Bout R Zeigler HP Jaw muscle (EMG) activity and amplitude scaling of jaw movements during eating in pigeon (Columba livia) (in prep).
Bowman RI (1961) Morphological differentiation and adaptation in the Galápagos finches. Univ Calif Publ Zool 58: 1–302
Bramble DM, Wake DB (1985) Feeding mechanisms in lower vertebrates. In: Hildebrand M, Bramble DM, Liem KF, Wake DB (eds) Functional vertebrate morphology. Belknap Press Cambridge, pp 230-261
Brown RGB, Gaskin D (1986) The pelagic ecology of the grey and red-necked phalaropes Phalaropusfulicarus and P. lobatus in the bay of Fundy, eastern Canada. Ibis 130: 234–250
Bühler P (1981) Functional anatomy of the avian jaw apparatus. In: King AS, McLelland J (eds) Form and function in birds, vol 2. Academic Press, London, pp 439–468
Burger AE (1978) Functional anatomy of the feeding apparatus of four South African cormorants. Zool Afr 13: 81–102
Burton PJK (1974) Feeding and feeding apparatus in waders. Br Mus Nat Hist Publ 719, 150pp
Burton PJK (1986) Curlews’ Numenius bills: some anatomical notes. Bird Study 33: 70
Calhoun ML (1933) The microscopic anatomy of the digestive tract of Gallus domesticus. Iowa State Coll J Sci 7, 3: 261–382
Carothers JH (1982) Effects of trophic morphology and behavior on foraging rates of three Hawaiian honeycreepers. Oecologia 55: 157–159
Creutz G (1981) Der Graureiher, Ardea cinerea. Neue Brehm Bücherei, Wittenberg
Deich JD, Balsam P (1993) The form of early pecking in the ring dove squab (Streptopelia risoria). J Comp Psychol 107: 261–275
Deich JD, Balsam PD Development of the prehensile feeding in ring doves (Streptopelia risoria). In: Green P, Davis M (eds) Perception and motor control in birds. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York (in press b)
Delius JD (1989) The peck of the pigeon: free for all. In: Lowe CF, Richelle M, Blackman DE, Bradshaw CM (eds) Behavioral analysis and contemporary psychology. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, New York, pp 53–81
Dubbeldam JL (1984) Brainstem mechanisms for feeding in birds. Brain Behav Evol 25: 85–98
Dullemeijer P (1952) The correlation between muscle system and skull structure in Phalacrocorax carbosinensis, Shaw and Nodder. Proc K Ned Akad Wet C 55: 95–102
Durell S, Goss-Custard JD (1984) Prey selection within a size-class of mussels, Mytilus edulis, by oystercatchers, Haematopus ostralegus. Anim Behav 32: 1197–1203
Ewald PW, Williams WA (1982) Function of the bill and tongue in nectar uptake by hummingbirds. Auk 99: 573–576
Fjeldså J (1981) Comparative ecology of Peruvian grebes — a study in mechanisms for evolution of ecological isolation. Vidensk Med Dan Naturhist Foren 144: 125–246
Foster MS (1987) Feeding methods and efficiency of selected frugivorous birds. Condor 89: 566–580
Friedman MB (1975) How birds use their eyes. In: Wright P, Caryl PG, Vowles DM (eds) Neural and endocrine aspects of behavior in birds. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 181–204
Gayou DC (1982) Tool use by green jays. Wilson Bull 94: 593–594
Gentle MJ (1975) Gustatory behaviour of the chicken and other birds. In: Wright P, Caryl PG, Vowles DM (eds) Neural and endocrine aspects of behaviour in birds. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 305–318
Gentle MJ, Breward J (1986) The bill tip organ of the chicken (Gallus gallus var. domesticus). J Anat 145: 79–85
Gerritsen AFC (1988) Feeding techniques and the anatomy of the bill in sandpipers (Calidris). Thesis, University of Leiden
Gerritsen AFC, van Heezik YM (1985) Substrate preference and substrate related foraging behavior in three Calidris species. Neth J Zool 35: 671–692
Gerritsen AFC, Meijboom A (1986) The role of touch in prey density estimation by Calidris alba. Neth J Zool 36: 530–562
Gerritsen AFC, Sevenster J (1985) Foraging behaviour and bill anatomy in sandpipers. Fortschr Zool 30: 237–240
Goodale MA (1983) Visually guided pecking in the pigeon (Columba livid). Brain Behav Evol 22: 22–41
Goodman DC, Fisher HI (1962) Functional anatomy of the feeding apparatus in waterfowl. South Ill Univ. Press, Carbondale
Gottschaldt K-M (1985) Structure and function of avian somatosensory receptors. In: King AS, McLelland J (eds) Form and function in birds, vol 3. Academic Press, London, pp 375–462
Grant PR (1983) Inheritance in size and shape in a population of Darwin’s finches, Geospiza conirostris. Proc R Soc Lond B 220: 219–236
Grant PR (1986) Ecology and evolution of Darwin’s finches. Princeton Univ Press, Princeton
Grant BR, Grant PR (1989) Natural selection in a population of Darwin’s finches. Am Nat 133: 377–393
Guillet A (1979) Aspects of foraging behavior of the shoebill. Ostrich 50: 252–255
Hainsworth FR, Wolf LL (1976) Nectar characteristics and food selection by hummingbirds. Oecologia 25: 101–113
Halata, Z, Grim M (1993) Sensory nerve endings in the beak skin of Japanese quail. Anat Embryol 187: 131–138
Hancock J, Kushlan J (1984) The herons handbook. Croom Helm, London
Harper PC (1987) Feeding behaviour and other notes on 20 species of Procellariiformes at sea. Notornis 34: 169–192
Heidweiller J, Zweers GA (1990) Drinking mechanisms in the zebrafinch and the Bengalese finch. Condor 92: 1–28
Heppleston PB (1970) Anatomical observations on the bill of the oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus occidentalis) in relation to feeding behaviour. J Zool (Lond) 161: 519–524
Hornberger DG (1980) Funktionell-morphologische Untersuchungen zur Radiation der Ernährungs-und Trinkmethoden der Papageien (Psittaci). Bonn Zool Monogr 13: 1–192
Hornberger DG (1986) The lingual apparatus of the African grey parrot, Psittacus erithacus Linné (Aves: Psittacidae). Ornithol Monogr 39: 1–233
Hornberger DG Brush AH (1986) Functional-morphoological and biochemical correlations of the keratinized structures in the African grey parrot, Psittacus erithacus (Aves). Zoomorphology 106: 103–114
Hornberger DG, Meyers RA (1989) Morphology of the lingual apparatus of the domestic chicken, Gallus gallus, with special attention to the structure of fasciae. Am J Anat 186: 217–257
Hulscher JB (1976) Localisation of cockles (Cardium edule L.) by the oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus L.) in darkness and daylight. Ardea 64: 292–310
Hulscher JB (1985) Growth and abrasion of the oystercatcher bill in relation to dietary switches. Neth J Zool 35: 124–154
Hulscher JB, Ens BJ (1992) Is the bill of the male oystercatcher a better tool for attacking mussels than the bill of the female? Zool Jahrb Anat 122: 219–223
Hull C (1991) A comparison of the morphology of the feeding apparatus in the peregrin falcon, Falco peregrines, and the brown falcon, F. berigora (Falconiformes). Austral J Zool 39: 67–76
Jehl JR (1985) Biology of the eared grebe and Wilson’s phalarope in the non-breeding season. Stud Avian Biol 12: 1–74
Jehl JR, Murray BG (1986) The evolution of normal and reverse sexual dimorphism in shorebirds. In: Johnston RF (ed) Current Ornithol 3: 1–86
Jenkin PM (1957) The filter feeding and food of flamingoes (Phoenicopteri). Phil Trans Roy Soc Lond B, 240: 401–493
Kahl MP (1971) Food and feeding behavior of open-bill storks. J Ornithol 112: 21–35
Kahl MP, Peacock LJ (1963) The bill-snap reflex: a feeding mechanism in the American wood stork. Nature 4892: 505–506
Katzir G, Intrator N (1987) Striking of underwater prey by a reef heron, Egretta gularis schistacea. J Comp Physiol A 160: 517–523
Kear J (1962) Food selection in finches with special reference to interspecific differences. Proc Zool Soc Lond 138: 163–204
Kear J, Duplaix-Hall N (1975) Flamingos. Poyser, Berkhamstead
Kingsolver JG, Daniel TL (1983) Mechanical determinants of nectar feeding strategy in hummingbirds: energetics, tongue morphology, and licking behavior. Oecologia 60: 214–226
Klages NTW (1992) Bill morphology and the diet of a filter-feeding seabird: the broad-billed prion Pachyptila vittata at South Atlantic Gough Island. J Zool (Lond) 227: 385–396
Kooloos JGM (1986) A conveyer-belt model for pecking in the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos L.). Neth J Zool 36: 47–87
Kooloos JGM, Zweers GA (1991) Different integrations of pecking, drinking and filter feeding mechanisms in waterfowl. Acta Biotheor 39: 107–140
Kooloos JGM, Kraaijeveld AR, Langenbach GEJ, Zweers G A (1989) Comparative mechanics of filter feeding in Anas platyrhynchos, Anas clypeata and Aythya fuligula (Aves, Anseriformes). Zoomorphol 108: 269–290
Kral B (1965) Functional adaptations of Ciconiiformes to the darting stroke. Acta Soc Zool Bohemoslov 29: 377–391
Krause R (1992) Mikroskopische Anatomie der Wirbeltiere, II. Vögel und Reptilien, de Gruyter, Berlin
Krulis V (1978) Struktur und Verteilung von Tastrezeptoren im Schnabel-Zungenbereich von Singvögeln, im besonderen der Fringillidae. Rev Suisse Zool 85: 385–447
Kushlan JA (1976) Feeding behavior of North American herons. Auk 93: 86–94
Lack D (1947) Darwin’s finches. Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge
Landolt R (1987) Vergleichend funktioneile Morphologie des Verdauungstraktes der Tauben (Columbidae) mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der adaptiven Radiation der Fruchttauben (Treronidae). Zool Jahrb Anat 116: 169–215, 285-316
Lauder G (1989) How are feeding systems integrated and how have evolutionary innovations been introduced. In: Wake DB, Roth G (eds) Complex organismal functions: integration and evolution in vertebrates. Wiley, Chichester, pp 97–115
Lawrence GE (1950) The diving and feeding activity of the western grebe on the breeding grounds. Condor 52: 3–16
Lockie JD (1956) The food and feeding behaviour of the jackdaw, rook and carrion crow. J. Anim Ecol 25: 421–428
Lorenz KZ (1949) Ãœber die Beziehungen zwischen Kopfform und Zirkelbewegung bei Sturniden und Ikteriden. In: Mayr E, Schutz E (eds) Ornithologie als biologische Wissenschaft.
Lucas AM, Stettenheim PR (1972) Avian anatomy, integument. Agricultural handbook 362. US Government Printing Office, Washington DC
Mahoney SA, Jehl J (1985) Adaptations of migratory shorebirds to highly saline and alkaline lakes: Wilson’s phalarope and American avocet. Condor 87: 520–527
Malinovsky L (1967) Die Nervenendkörperchen in der Haut von Vögeln. Z Mikr Anat Forsch 77: 279–303
Marin M, Stiles FG (1992) On the biology of five species of swifts (Apodidae, Cypseloidinae) in Costa Rica. Proc Western Found Vert Zool 4: 287–351
Marks JS, Hall CS (1992) Tool use by bristle-thighed curlews feeding on albatross eggs. Condor 94: 1032–1034
Martin R (1904) Die vergleichende Osteologie der Columbiformes unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Didunculus strigirostris. Zool Jahrb 20: 167–352
McLelland J (1979) Digestive system. In: King AS, McLelland J (eds) Form and function in birds, vol 3. Academic Press, London, pp 69–181
McMahon BF, Evans RM (1992) Nocturnal foraging in the American white pelican. Condor 94: 101–109
Meyerriecks AJ (1959) Food-stirring feeding behavior in herons. Wilson Bull 71: 153–158
Mock DW, Mock KC (1980) Feeding behavior and ecology of the Goliath heron. Auk 97: 433–448
Morgan WL, Ritz DA (1982) Comparison of the feeding apparatus in the mutton-bird, Puffinus tenuirostris (Temminck) and the fairy prion, Pachyptila turtur (Kuhl) in relation to the capture of krill, Nyctiphanes australis. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 59: 61–76
Morris D (1955) Seed preferences of certain finches under controlled conditions. Avic Mag 61: 271–287
Nafstad PHJ (1986) On the avian Merkel cells. J Anat 145: 25–33
Norton-Griffiths M (1967) Some ecological aspects of the feeding behaviour of the oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus on the edible mussel Mytilus edulis. Ibis 109: 412–424
Owre OT (1967) Adaptations for locomotion and feeding in the anhinga and the double crested cormorant. In: Storer RW (ed.) AOU Ornith Monogr 6, pp 138
Paton DC, Collins BG (1989) Bills and tongues of nectar-feeding birds: review of morphology, function and performance, with intercontinental comparisons. Austral J Ecol 14: 473–506
Pough HF, Heiser JB, McFarland WN (1991) Vertebrate life. Macmillan, New York
Raikow RJ (1977) The origin and evolution of the Hawaiian honeycreepers (Drepanididae). Living Bird 15: 95–117
Richards LP, Bock WJ (1974) Functional anatomy and adaptive evolution of the feeding apparatus in the Hawaiian honeycreeper genus Loxops (Drepanididae). Ornithol Monogr 15: 1–173
Rooth J (1965) The flamingos on Bonaire (Netherlands Antilles): habitat, diet and reproduction of Phoenicopterus ruber ruber. Natuurws Stud Suriname Ned Ant 141: 1–151
Rubega MA, Obst BS Surface tension feeding in phalaropes: discovery of a novel feeding mechanism. Auk (in press)
Schall U (1989) Sensory control of pecking in the pigeon (Columba livid). Thesis, University of Konstanz
Schilling C (1992) Structure and dry mass spectrum of the jaw muscles in birds with different food intake strategies. Zool Jb Anat 122: 275–285
Schlüter D (1988) Character displacement and adaptive divergence of finches on the islands and continents. Am Nat 131: 799–824
Schlüter D, Price TD, Grant PR (1985) Ecological character displacement in Darwin’s finches. Science 227: 1056–1059
Schreiber RW, Woolfenden GE, Curtsinger WE (1974) Prey capture by the brown pelican. Auk 92: 649–654
Sims RW (1955) The morphology of the head of the hawfinch (C. coccothraustus). Bull Br Mus Nat Hist 13: 371–393
Smith TB, Temple SA (1982) Feeding habits and bill polymorphism in hook-billed kites. Auk 99: 197–207
Snyder NFR, Snyder HA (1969) A comparative study of mollusc predation by limpkins, everglade kites, and grackles. Living Bird 8: 177–223
Stephens DW, Krebs JR (1986) Foraging theory. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 247 PP
Stromberg MR, Johnson PB (1990) Hummingbird sweetness preferences: taste or viscosity? Condor 92: 606–612
Suzuki M, Nomura S (1975) Electromyographic studies on the deglutition movement in fowl. Jpn J Vet Sci 37: 289–293
Swennen C, de Bruijn LLM, Duiven P, Leopold MF, Marteijn ECL (1983) Differences in bill form of the oystercatcher (Haematopus osiralegus): a dynamic adaptation to specific foraging techniques. Neth J Sea Res 17: 57–83
Tinbergen JM (1981) Foraging decisions in starlings, Sturnus vulgaris. Ardea 69: 1–67
Toyoshima K (1993) Are Merkel and Grandry cells two varieties of the same cell in birds? Arch Histol Cytol 56: 167–175
Toyoshima K, Seta Y, Shimamura A (1992) Fine structure of the Herbst corpuscles in the lingual mucosa of the finch (Lonchura striata). Arch Histol Cytol 55: 321–331
Toyoshima K, Shimamura A (1991) Ultrastructure of Merkel corpuscles in the tongue of the finch, Lonchura striata. Cell Tissue Res 264: 427–436
Vanden Berge& JC (1979) Myologia. In: Baumel JJ, King AS, Lucas AM, Breazille JE, Evans HE (eds) Nomina Anatomica Avium. Academic Press, London, pp 175–219
Vanden Berge JC, Zweers GA (1993) Myology. In: Baumel JJ (ed) Handbook of Avian Anatomy. Nutt Ornithol Club, Cambridge, pp 241–277
Van den Elzen R (1985) Systematics and evolution of African canaries and seed eaters (Aves, Carduelidae). In: Schuchmann K-L (ed), Proc Int Symp Afr Vertebr, pp 435–451
Van den Elzen R, Nemeschkal HL (1991) Radiation of African canaries — a comparison of different classificatory approaches. Acta XX Congr Int Ornithol, New Zealand Ornithol Congr Board, Wellington, pp 459–467
Van den Elzen R, Nemeschkal HL, Classen H (1987) Morphological variation of skeletal characters in the bird family Carduelidae. Bonn Zool Beitr 38: 221–239
Van den Heuvel WF (1992) Kinetics of the skull in the chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus). Neth J Zool 42: 561–582
Van Gennip EMJS (1986) The osteology, arthrology and myology of the jaw apparatus of the pigeon (Columba livia L.). Neth J Zool 36: 1–46
Van Gennip EMJS (1988) A functional morphological study of the feeding system in pigeons (Columba). Thesis, University of Leiden
Van Gennip EMJS, Berkhoudt H (1992) Skull mechanics in the pigeon, Columba livia. A three dimensional kinematic model. J Morphol 213: 197–224
Voous KH, Van Dijk T (1973) How do snail kites extract snails from their shells? Ardea 61: 179–185
Wagner HO (1952) Beitrag zur Biologie des Blaukehlkolibris Lampornis clemenciae (Lesson). Veröff Mus Bremen 1952 A, 2: 6–43
Weymouth RD, Lasiewski RC, Berger AJ (1964) Tongue apparatus in hummingbirds. Acta Anat 58: 252–270
Wheelwright NT (1985) Fruit size, gape width, and the diets of fruit-eating birds. Ecology 66: 808–818
White SS (1968) Mechanisms involved in deglutition in Gallus domesticus. J Anat 104: 177
Zeigler HP (1989) Neural control of the jaw and ingestive behavior. Ann NY Acad Sci 563: 69–86
Zeigler HP, Levitt PW, Levine R (1980) Eating in the pigeon (Columba livid): movement patterns, stereotypy and stimulus control. J Comp Physiol Psychol 94: 783–794
Zeigler HP, Bermejo R, Bout R, Ingestion, prehension and the sensorimotor control of the jaw. In: Green P, Davies M (eds) Perception and motor control in birds. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg NewYork (in press)
Ziswiler V (1965) Zur Kenntnis des Samenöffnens und der Struktur des hörnernen Gaumens bei körnerfressenden Oscines. J Ornithol 106: 1–48
Ziswiler V (1979) Zungenfunktion und Zungenversteifung bei granivoren Singvögeln. Rev Suisse Zool 86: 823–831
Ziswiler V (1990) Specialization in extremely unbalanced food: possibilities and limits of investigation exclusively by functional morphology. Neth J Zool 40: 299–311
Ziswiler V, Trnka V (1972) Tastkörperchen im Schiundbereich der Vögel. Rev Suisse Zool 79: 307–318
Ziswiler V, Güttinger HR, Bregulla H (1972) Monographie der Gattung Erythura Swainson, 1873 (Aves, Passeres, Estrildidae). Bonn Zool Monogr 2: 1–158
Zusi RL (1985) A functional and evolutionary analysis of rhynchokinesis in birds. Smithson Contrib Zool 395: 1–40
Zusi RL (1987) A feeding adaptation of the jaw articulation in New World jays (Corvidae). Auk 104: 665–680
Zweers GA (1974) Structure, movement and myography of the feeding apparatus of the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos L.). Neth J Zool 24: 323–467
Zweers GA (1982a) Pecking of the pigeon (Columba livia L.) Behaviour 81: 173–230
Zweers G A (1982b) The feeding system of the pigeon (Columba livia L.). Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol 73: VII + 108
Zweers GA (1985) Generalism and specialism in the avian mouth and pharynx. Fortschr Zool 30: 189–201
Zweers GA (1991a) Pathways and space for evolution of feeding mechanisms in birds. In: Dudley EC (ed) The unity of evolutionary biology, Proc Int Congr Evol Biol, 1990. Dioscorides Press, Portland, pp 530–547
Zweers GA (1991b) Transformation of avian feeding mechanisms: a deductive approach. Acta Biotheor 39: 15–36
Zweers GA (1992) Behavioral mechanisms in avian drinking. Neth J Zool 42: 60–84
Zweers GA, Berkhoudt H (1987) Larynx and pharynx of crows (Corvus corone L. and C. monedula L., Passeriformes: Corvidae. Neth J Zool 37: 365–393
Zweers GA, Berkhoudt H (1991) Recognition of food in pecking, probing and filter feeding birds. Acta cc Congr Int Ornithol, tNew Zealand Ornithol Congr Trust Board, Wellington, pp 897–902
Zweers GA, Gerritsen AFC, van Kranenburg-Voogd PJ (1977) Mechanics of feeding of the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos L., Aves, Anseriformes). Contrib Vertebr Evol 3: IX + 109
Zweers GA, Bout RG, Heidweiller J, Motor organization of the avian head-neck system. In: Green P, Davies M (eds) Perception and motor control in birds. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York (in press)
Zweers GA, Gerritsen AFC, Bock WJ (in prep a) Morphological modifications for probing and filter feeding in the avian pecking mechanism
Zweers GA, Jong F de, Berkhoudt H (in prep. b) Filtermechanismus des Roten Flamingos (Phoenicopterus ruber; Aves, Phoenicopteridae)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1994 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Zweers, G.A., Berkhoudt, H., Vanden Berge, J.C. (1994). Behavioral Mechanisms of Avian Feeding. In: Bels, V.L., Chardon, M., Vandewalle, P. (eds) Biomechanics of Feeding in Vertebrates. Advances in Comparative and Environmental Physiology, vol 18. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57906-6_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57906-6_9
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-63399-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-57906-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive