Skip to main content

Reproductive Biology of Pteridophytes

  • Chapter
Reproductive Biology of Plants

Abstract

The pteridophytes were not necessarily the first vascular land plants (see Kenrick and Crane 1997). Linnaeus (1754) included them in the Class Cryptogamae (kruptos = hidden, gamos = marriage). Eichler (1883) regarded cryptogamae as a sub-division of the Plant Kingdom which included ‘Club mosses’, ‘Horse-tails’, and ‘ferns’. The pteridophytes occupy an intermediate position between the bryophytes and gymnosperms. Engler (1886) suggested the term ‘Embryophyta’ to include bryophytes, pteridophytes, and spermatophytes. Tippo (1942) considered ‘Tracheophyta’ to include pteridophytes and spermatophytes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Atkinson LR, Stokey AG (1964) Comparative morphology of the gametophyte of the homosporous ferns. Phytomorphology 14: 51–70

    Google Scholar 

  • Baldwin WK (1933) The organization of the young sporophyte of Isoetes englemanniA. Br. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B 27: 1–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Balajeff W (1885) Antheridien und Spermatozoiden der heterosporen Lycopodiaceen. Bot Zeitg 43: 793–802, 808–819

    Google Scholar 

  • Belajeff W (1898) Über die mannilichen Prothallien der Waserfarne. Bot zeit 56: 141–194

    Google Scholar 

  • Bell PR (1959) The experimental investigation of the pteridophyte life cycle. J Linn Soc London (Bot) 56: 188–203

    Google Scholar 

  • Bell PR (1963) The cytochemical and ultrastructural peculiarities of the fern egg. J Linn Soc London (Bot) 58: 353–359

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bell PR (1970) The archegoniate revolution. Sci Progress (Oxford, England) 58: 27–45

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bell PR (1996) Megaspore abortion: A consequence of selective apoptosis? Intl J Plant Sci 157: 1–7

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernard C (1904) A propos á’Azolla. Rcc Trav Bot Neer 1: 1–13

    Google Scholar 

  • Bierhorst DW (1954) The gametangia and embryo of Psilotum nudum. Am J Bot 41: 274–281

    Google Scholar 

  • Bierhorst DW (1956) Observations on the aerial appendage in the Psilotaceae. Phytomorphology 6: 176–184

    Google Scholar 

  • Bierhorst DW (1971) Morphology of Vascular Plants, pp 1–560. Macmillan, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Bitter G (1900) Marattiaceae. In: Engler A, Prantl K (eds) Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien. l(pt 4): 422–444

    Google Scholar 

  • Bower FO (1899) Studies in the morphology of spore-producing members IV. The leptosporangiate ferns. Philos Trans R Soc London B 192: 29–138

    Google Scholar 

  • Bower FO (1908) The Origin of a Land Flora, pp 1–727. MacMillan, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bower FO (1926), (1928) The Ferns. 2: 1–344, 3: 1–306. Cambridge Univ Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Bower FO (1935) Primitive Land Plants, pp 1–658. MacMillan, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Bracegirdle B, Miles PM (1971) Atlas of Plant Structure. Vol 1: 1–123. Heinemann Educational Books, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Bracegirdle B, Miles PM (1973) Atlas of Plant Structure. Vol II: 1–106. Heinemann Educational Books, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Britton EG, Taylor A (1901) The life history of Schizaea pusilla. Bull Torrey Bot Club 28: 1–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruchmann H (1885) Das Prothallium von Lycopodium annotinum. Bot Zbl 21: 23–28, 309–313

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruchmann H (1898) Über die prothallien und die Keimpflanzen mehrerer Europaischer Lycopodien, pp 1–111. Gotha

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruchmann H (1909) Von prothallium der grossen sporen und von der Keimes-entwicklung einizer Selaginellaarten. Flora 99: 12–51

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruchmann H (1910) Die Kiemung der Sporen und die Entwicklung der prothallien von Lycopodium clavatumL., L. annotinumL., und L. selagoL. Flora 101: 220–267

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruchmann H (1912) Zur Embryologie der Selaginellacean. Flora 104: 180–224

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell DH (1898) Einige hotizen über die Keimung von Marsilea aegyptiaca. Ber Deutch Bot Gesells 6: 340–345

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell DH (1902) Studies on the gametophytes of Selaginella. Ann Bot (London) 16: 419–428

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell DH (1918) The Structure and Development of Mosses and Ferns, pp 1–708. 3rd edn. MacMillan, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell DH (1940) The Evolution of the Land Plants (Embryophyta), pp 1–731. Stanford, California

    Google Scholar 

  • Chamberlain CJ (1917) Prothalli and sporelings of three New Zealand species of Lycopodium. Bot Gaz 63: 51–65

    Google Scholar 

  • Christ H (1897) Die Frankrauter der Erde, pp 1–388. Jena

    Google Scholar 

  • Davie JH (1951) The development of the antheridium in the Polypodiaceae. Am J Bot 38: 621–628

    Google Scholar 

  • Devi, Santha (1977) Spores of Indian Ferns, pp 1–228. Today & Tomorrow’s Publ, New Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  • Doyle WT (1970) The Biology of Higher Cryptogams. Mcmillan, London, pp 1–163

    Google Scholar 

  • Druery CT (1884) Observations on a singular development in the lady fern. J Linn Soc Bot Lond 21: 354–538

    Google Scholar 

  • Duckett JG (1970) Sexual behaviour of the genus Equisetumsubgenus Equisetum. Bot J Linn Soc 63: 327–352

    Google Scholar 

  • Duckett JG (1973) An ultrastructural study of the differentiation on the spermatozoid of Equisetum. J Cell Sci 12: 95–129

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duckett JG (1975) Spermatogenesis in Pteridophytes. In: Duckett JG, Racey PA (eds) The biology of male gamete. Biol J Linn Soc 7 (Suppl 1): 97–127

    Google Scholar 

  • Eames AJ (1936) Morphology of Vascular Plants: Lower Groups, pp 1–433. McGraw-Hill, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Eichler AW (1883) Syllabus des von les ungen über spezielle und medicinisch-Pharmaceutische. Botanik. 3rd edn. Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Engler A (1886) Fuherer durch den Königlichen botanischchen Garten der Universitat Zu Breslau, Breslau

    Google Scholar 

  • Engler A, Parantl K (eds) (1898–1902) Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien 1(4): Engleman, Leipzing

    Google Scholar 

  • Farmer JB, Digby L (1907) Studies in apogamy and apospory in ferns. Ann Bot (London) 21: 161–199

    Google Scholar 

  • Foster AS, Gifford EM Jr (1974) Comparative Morphology of Vascular Plants, pp 1–751. 2nd edn. WH Freeman, San Francisco (USA)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gifford EM Jr, Foster AS (1989) The Morphology and Evolution of Vascular Plants, pp 1–626. 3rd edn. WH Freeman, San Francisco (USA)

    Google Scholar 

  • Goebel K (1880–81) Development of sporangia. Bot Z 38: 545–552, 561–571. 39: 681–694, 697–706, 713–720

    Google Scholar 

  • Goebel K (1905) Organography of Plants. English Translation by IB Balfour, pp 1–707. Oxford (UK)

    Google Scholar 

  • Haupt AW (1940) Sex organs of Angiopteris erecta. Bull Torrey Bot Club 67: 125–129

    Google Scholar 

  • Haupt AN (1953) Plant Morphology. McGraw Hill, New York, pp 1–464

    Google Scholar 

  • Hewitson W (1962) Comparative morphology of the Osmundaceae. Ann Missouri Bot Gard 49: 57–93

    Google Scholar 

  • Hofmeister W (1851) Vergleichende Untersuchungen der Keimung, Entfaltung und Frucht bildung hoherer Kryptogamen (Moose, Farn, Equisetaceae, Rhizocarpeen, Lycopodiaceen) und der samenbildung der coniferen, pp 1–179. F Hofmeister, Leipzig

    Google Scholar 

  • Holloway JE (1918) The prothallus and young plant of Tmesipteris. Trans NZ Inst 50: 1–44

    Google Scholar 

  • Holloway JE (1939) The gametophyte, embryo and young rhizome of Psilotum triquetrum. Ann Bot (London) 3: 313–336

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones JL, Hook PW (1970) Growth and development in microculture of gametophytes from stored spores of Equisetum. Am J Bot 57: 430–435

    Google Scholar 

  • Kashyap SR (1914) Structure and development of the prothallus of Equisetum debile. Ann Bot (London) 28: 163–181

    Google Scholar 

  • Kenrick P, Crane PR (1997) The origin and early evolution of plants on land. Nature 389: 33–39

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kny L (1875) Ceratopteris. Nova acta K. Leopcarol Deutch Ak d Naturf 37: 1–66

    Google Scholar 

  • Lang WH (1898) On apogamy and development of sporangia on fern prothalli. Philos Trans R Soc London B 190: 182–239

    Google Scholar 

  • Lagerberg T (1906) Zur Entwicklungsgeschichte des Pteridium aquilinum(L) Kuhn. Arkiv Bot 6: 1–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Lawson AA (1917) The gametophytic generation of the Psilotaceae. Trans R Soc Edinburgh 52: 93–113

    Google Scholar 

  • Liebig J (1931) Ergänzungen zur Entwicklungsgeschichte von Isoetes lacustrisL., Flora 125: 321–358

    Google Scholar 

  • Linnaeus C (1754) Genera Plantarum, Salvi, Stockholm, 5th edn. pp 1–485

    Google Scholar 

  • Loyal DS (1982) Some aspects of recent advances in phylogeny and life cycle of the Pteridophyta with particular reference to ferns. Aspects of Plant Sciences 6: 31–93. Today & Tomorrow’s Printers & Publishers, New Delhi.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lyon FM (1901) The evolution of sex organs of plants. Bot Gaz 37: 280–293

    Google Scholar 

  • Machlis L, Rawitscher-Kunkel H (1967) The hydrated megaspore of Marsilea vestita. Am J Bot 54: 689–694

    Google Scholar 

  • Marschall-Corelia C (1925) Differentiation of sporangia in Marsilea quadrifolia. Bot Gaz 79: 85–94

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer BS, Anderson DD (1939) Plant Physiology. Van Nostrand, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Mehra PN (1984) Some aspects of differentiation in flowering plants. SL Hora Gold Medal Lecture Award. In: INSA Award Lectures (1984–1993), Diamond Jubilee Publication (1994) 4: 1362–1401

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell Gertrude (1910) Contributions towards a knowledge of the anatomy of SelaginellaSpr. Pt V. The strobilus. Ann Bot (London) 24: 19–33

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore R, Dennis Clark W, Stern KR (1995) Botany. Wm C. Brown Communications, Inc, USA, pp 1–868

    Google Scholar 

  • Mukhopadhyay R, Bhandari JB (1999) Occurrence of microspore polyads in Selaginella intermedia(Bi.) Spring. Phytomorphology 49: 75–78

    Google Scholar 

  • Nayar BK, Kaur S (1968) Spore germination in homosporous ferns. J Palynol 4: 1–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Nayar BK, Kaur S (1971) Gametophytes of homosporous ferns. Bot Rev 37: 295–396

    Google Scholar 

  • Parihar NS (1965) An Introduction to Embryophyta. Vol 2: 1–331. Pteridophytes. Central Book Depot, Allahabad, (India)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pringsheim N (1863) Zur Morphologie der Salvinia natans. Jahrb Wiss Bot 3: 484–541

    Google Scholar 

  • Pritzel E (1900) Lycopodiales. In: Engler A, Prantl K (eds) Die naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien. l(Abt 4): 563–606

    Google Scholar 

  • Rashid A (1976) An Introduction to Pteridophyta, Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi, pp 1–283

    Google Scholar 

  • Rashid A (1999) An Introduction to Pteridophyta, 2nd edn. Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi, pp 1–426.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raven PH, Evert RF, Eichhorn SE (1999) Biology of Plants. 6th edn. WH Freeman, USA, pp 1–944

    Google Scholar 

  • Rouffa AS (1967) Induced Psilotumfertile appendage aberrations. Morphogenese and evolutionary implications. Can J Bot 45: 855–861

    Google Scholar 

  • Rouffa AS (1971) An appendageless Psilotum. Introduction to aerial shoot morphology. Am Fern J 61: 75–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Sadebeck R (1902) Isoetaceae. In: Engler A, Prantl K (eds) Die naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien. Vol 1. Wilhelm Engleman, Leipzig

    Google Scholar 

  • Sethi ML (1928) Contributions to the life history of Equisetum debile. Ann Bot (London) 42: 729–738

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharp LW (1912) Spermatogenesis in Equisetum. Bot Gaz 54: 89–119

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharp LW (1914) Spermatogenesis in Marsilea. Bot Gaz 58: 419–431

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaw WR (1898) The fertilization of Onoclea. Ann Bot (London) 12: 261–285

    Google Scholar 

  • Sigee D, Bell PR (1971) The cytoplasmic incorporation of tritiated thymidine during oogenesis in Pteridium aquilinum. J Cell Sci 8: 467–487

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Slagg RA (1932) The gametophyte oí Selaginella kraussiana1. The microgametophyte. Am J Bot 19: 106–127

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheffield E, Bell PR (1987) Current studies of the pteridophyte life cycle. Bot Rev 53: 442–490

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith GM (1955) Cryptogamic Botany. 2nd edn. Vol 2: 1–399. McGraw Hill, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith GM (1979) Biochemical and physiological aspects of gametophyte differentiation and development. In: Dyer AF (ed) The Experimental Biology of Ferns. Academic Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Spessard EA (1922) Prothalli of Lycopodiumin America 2. L. lucidulumand L obscurumvar. clendroideum. Bot Gaz 74: 392–413

    Google Scholar 

  • Sporne KR (1970) Morphology of Pteridophytes. Hutchinson, London, 3rd edn. pp 1–192

    Google Scholar 

  • Stokey AG (1950) The gametophyte of the Gleicheniaceae. Bull Torrey Bot Club 77: 323–339

    Google Scholar 

  • Stokey AG, Atkinson LR (1956) The gametophytes of Osmundaceae. Phytomorphology 6: 19–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Stone IG (1960) Observations on the gametophytes of Grammitis billardeiriWilld, and Crenopteris heterophylla(Labill.) Tindala (Grammitidaceae). Austral J Bot 8: 11–37

    Google Scholar 

  • Stone IG (1962) The ontogeny of the antheridium in some leptosporangiate ferns. Austral J Bot 10: 76–92

    Google Scholar 

  • Strasburger E (1894) On the periodic reduction of the chromosomes in living organisms. Ann Bot (London) 8: 281–316

    Google Scholar 

  • Sykes MG (1908b) Notes on the morphology of the sporangium bearing organs of the Lycopodiaceae. New Phytol 7: 41–60

    Google Scholar 

  • Tippo O (1942) A modern classification of plant kingdom. Chron Bot 7: 203–206

    Google Scholar 

  • Treub M (1884) Etudes sur les Lycopodiacees. Ann Jard Bot Buitenzorg 4: 107–138

    Google Scholar 

  • Tryon A (1964) Platyzoma—A Queensland fern with incipient heterospory. Am J Bot 51: 939–942

    Google Scholar 

  • Vashishta PC (1992) Botany for degree students, Pteridophyta pp 1–509. S Chand & Co. Ltd N. Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  • Verma SC, Khullar SP (1966) Ontogeny of the polypodiaceous fern antheridium with particular reference to some Adiantaceae. Phytomorphology 16: 302–314

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagner WH Jr (1963) A remarkably-reduced vascular plant in the United States. Science 142: 1483–1484

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Walker ER (1921) The gametophytes of Equisetum laevigatum. Bot Gaz 71: 378–391

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker ER (1931) The gametophyte of 3 species of Equisetum. Bot Gaz 92: 1–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker ER (1937) The gametophyte of Equisetum scirpoides. Am J Bot 24: 40–43

    Google Scholar 

  • Ward M (1954) Fertilization in Phlebodium aureumJ. Sm. Phytomorphology 4: 1–17

    Google Scholar 

  • Ward M (1963) Developmental patterns of adventitious sporophytes in Phlebodium aureumJ. Sm. J Linn Soc Lond Bot 58: 377–380

    Google Scholar 

  • Wardlaw CW (1968a) Morphogenesis in plants. A contemporary study. Methuen, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wardlaw CW, Sharma DN (1961) Experimental and analytical studies of Pteridophytes. Morphogenetic investigation of sori in leptosporangiate ferns. Ann Bot (Lond) 25: 477–490

    Google Scholar 

  • Wettstein R von (1935) Handbuch der Systematichen Botanik, Franz Deuticke, Leipzig. 4th edn. pp 1–1152

    Google Scholar 

  • Whittier DP (1962) The origin and development of apogamous structures in the gametophytes of Pteridiumin sterile culture. Phytomorphology 12: 10–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Whittier DP (1970) The initiation of obligate apogamy in the fern Cheilanthes castanea. Am J Bot 57: 1249–1254

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolf PG (1997) Evaluation of ATP B nucleotide sequences for phylogenetic studies of ferns and other pteridophytes. Am J Bot 84: 1429–1440

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamanouchi S (1908) Apogamy in Nephrodium. Bot Gaz 45: 280–318

    Google Scholar 

  • Yasui K (1911) On the life history of Salvinia nutans. Ann Bot (Lond) 25: 469–483

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2001 Narosa Publishing House

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Kumar, K. (2001). Reproductive Biology of Pteridophytes. In: Johri, B.M., Srivastava, P.S. (eds) Reproductive Biology of Plants. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-50133-3_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-50133-3_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-50135-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-50133-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics