Abstract
The principles underlying the implementation of complex logic operations at the molecular scale are outlined. Different types of logic machines can be implemented. The simplest ones are combinational circuits, in which logic gates are connected in order to compute a logic function. We discuss several physical realizations of combinational circuits operating on Boolean or multivalued variables, as well as cascade thereof, implemented in a solid state or in a biochemical environment. The next level of complexity in logic machines is that of finite-state machines, which, in addition to a combinational unit, possess a memory unit so that the outputs depend not only on the inputs but also on the state of the memory. They therefore offer the possibility to implement parallel logic operations. Physical realizations of electrically and optically addressed finite-state machines are discussed. Special emphasis is given to electrical addressing which is currently able to implement logic on a single atom and even to concatenate.
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Acknowledgements
This work was partially funded by the FP7 EC NANOICT project MOLOC and by the FP6 FET open project MOLDYNLOGIC. We thank our colleagues in these projects, in particular Sven Rogge, Itamar Willner, Thomas Halfmann, and Karl Kompa, and the students and post-doc that contributed to the work reported here, in particular Johann Elbaz, Michael Klein, Dr. Gabriel Lansberger, Jan Mol, Dr. Elva Torres, Arjan Verduijn, and Dr. Yonghong Yan. F. R. is a Director of Research with Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique, Belgium.
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Levine, R.D., Remacle, F. (2013). Realization of Complex Logic Operations at the Nanoscale. In: Lorente, N., Joachim, C. (eds) Architecture and Design of Molecule Logic Gates and Atom Circuits. Advances in Atom and Single Molecule Machines. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33137-4_16
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