Skip to main content

Automated Diagnosis and Reflectance Confocal Microscopy

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Reflectance Confocal Microscopy for Skin Diseases

Abstract

In this chapter, we introduce the basic principles of automated diagnosis of CLSM images of skin lesions. Special attention is given to the machine based description and analysis of the tissues in a way that conforms to the diagnostic guidelines of the derma pathologists. Further, the machine learning algorithm for the automated prediction of the pathology and the generated diagnostic rules are discussed and compared with the diagnostic skills of the derma pathologists. The application and performance of the discussed methods are demonstrated by selected studies.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Rajadhyaksha M, Conzales S, Zavislan JM, Anderson RR, Webb RR (1999) In vivo confocal scanning laser microscopy of human skin: advances in instrumentation and comparison with histology. J Invest Dermatol 113:293–303

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Busam KJ, Marghoob AA, Halpern AC (2005) Melanoma diagnosis by confocal microscopy: promise and pitfalls. J Invest Dermatol 125:vii

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Langley RG, Rajadhyaksha M, Dwyer PJ, Sober AJ, Flotte TJ, Anderson RR (2001) Confocal scanning laser microscopy of benign and malignant skin lesions in vivo. J Am Acad Dermatol 45:365–376

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Pellacani G, Cesinaro AM, Seidenari S (2005) Reflectance-mode confocal microscopy for the in vivo characterization of pagetoid melanocytosis in melanomas and nevi. J Invest Dermatol 125:532–537

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Gerger A, Koller S, Kern T et al (2005) Diagnostic applicability of in vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy in melanocytic skin tumors. J Invest Dermatol 124:493–498

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Erkol B, Moss RH, Stanley RJ, Stoecker WV, Hvatum E (2005) Automatic lesion boundary detection in dermoscopy images using gradient vector flow snakes. Skin Res Technol 11:17–26

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. She Z, Liu Y, Damatoa A (2007) Combination of features from skin pattern and ABCD analysis for lesion classification. Skin Res Technol 13:25–33

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Busam KJ, Charles C, Lee G, Halpern AC (2001) Morphologic features of melanocytes, pigmented keratinocytes and melanophages by in vivo confocal scanning laser microscopy. Mod Pathol 14:862–868

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Pellacani G, Cesinaro AM, Seidenari S (2005) In vivo assessment of melanocytic nests in nevi and melanomas by reflectance confocal microscopy. Mod Pathol 18:469–474

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Langley RG, Walsh N, Sutherland AE, Propperova I, Delaney L, Morris SF, Gallant C (2007) The diagnostic accuracy of in vivo confocal scanning laser microscopy compared to dermoscopy of benign and malignant melanocytic lesions: a prospective study. Dermatology 215(4):365–372

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Pellacani G, Cesinaro AM, Longo C, Grana C, Seidenari S (2005) Microscopic in vivo description of cellular architecture of dermoscopic pigment network in nevi and melanomas. Arch Dermatol 141(2):147–154

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Langley RG, Burton E, Walsh N, Propperova I, Murray SJ (2006) In vivo confocal scanning laser microscopy of benign lentigines: comparison to conventional histology and in vivo characteristics of lentigo maligna. J Am Acad Dermatol 55(1):88–97

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Wiltgen M, Gerger A, Wagner C, Smolle J (2008) Automatic identification of diagnostic significant regions in confocal laser scanning microscopy of melanocytic skin tumours. Methods Inf Med 47:15–25

    Google Scholar 

  14. Press WH, Teukolsky SA, Vetterling WT, Flannery BP (1992) Numerical recipes in C: the art of scientific computing, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, New York, pp 591–606

    Google Scholar 

  15. Prasad L, Iyengar SS (1997) Wavelet analysis with applications to image processing. CRC Press, Boca Raton

    Google Scholar 

  16. Puniena J, Punys V, Punys J (2001) Ultrasound and angio image compression by cosine and wavelet transforms. Int J Med Inform 64:473–481

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Mello-Thoms C, Dunn SM, Nodine CF, Kundel HL (2001) An analysis of perceptual errors in reading mammograms using quasi-local spatial frequency spectra. J Digital Imaging 14(3):117–123

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Terae S, Miyasaka K, Kudoh K, Nambu T, Shimizu T, Kaneko K, Yoshikawa H, Kishimoto R, Omatsu T, Fujita N (2000) Wavelet compression on detection of brain lesions with magnetic resonance imaging. J Digital Imaging 13(4):178–190

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Kerut EK, Given MB, Mc Ilwain E, Allen G, Espinoza C, Giles TD (2000) Echocardio-graphic texture analysis using the wavelet transform: Differentiation of early heart muscle disease. Ultrasound Med Biol 26(9):1445–1453

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Marr D (1982) Vision. W.H. Freeman, New York

    Google Scholar 

  21. Nilsson NJ (1965) Learning machines. McGraw Hill, New York

    Google Scholar 

  22. Quinlan JR (1986) Induction of decision trees. Machine Learning 1(1):81–106

    Google Scholar 

  23. Quinlan JR (1993) C4.5: Programs for machine learning. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgment

We wish to thank Ms. G. Searle for the critical reading of the text and all the colleagues who enabled this work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Marco Wiltgen .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Wiltgen, M. (2012). Automated Diagnosis and Reflectance Confocal Microscopy. In: Hofmann-Wellenhof, R., Pellacani, G., Malvehy, J., Soyer, H. (eds) Reflectance Confocal Microscopy for Skin Diseases. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21997-9_36

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21997-9_36

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-21996-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-21997-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics