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Hydraulics of Vascular Water Transport

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Mechanical Integration of Plant Cells and Plants

Part of the book series: Signaling and Communication in Plants ((SIGCOMM,volume 9))

Abstract

The science of plant water transport is equal parts of physics and biology. Plants have evolved a complex wick system that harnesses the cohesive hydrogen bond energy of liquid water and suppresses the heterogeneous nucleation of cavitation. Trade-offs between making the wick safe against cavitation and implosion, yet efficient in moving water, result in the process being limiting to plant performance. Cavitation limits the range of negative pressures that can be harnessed to move water, and the hydraulic conductance of the wick limits the flow rate that can be moved at a given negative pressure gradient. Both limits constrain CO2 uptake via the water-for-carbon trade-off at the stomatal interface. Research in the area concerns the mechanisms of cavitation, its reversal by embolism repair, consequences for plant ecology and evolution, and the coupling of water transport to plant productivity. Very little is known of the molecular biology underlying xylem physiology.

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  1. Department of Biology, University of Utah, 257S 1400E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA

    John S. Sperry

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  1. Dept. of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Miedzychodzka 5, Poznan, 60-371, Poland

    Przemyslaw Wojtaszek

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Sperry, J.S. (2011). Hydraulics of Vascular Water Transport. In: Wojtaszek, P. (eds) Mechanical Integration of Plant Cells and Plants. Signaling and Communication in Plants, vol 9. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19091-9_12

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