Skip to main content

Mit chronischem Müdigkeits- bzw. Fibromyalgie- syndrom assoziierte Manifestationen: Ausdruck einer Dysbalance im neuroendokrinoimmunologischen Regelkreis?

  • Chapter
Chronisches Müdigkeits- und Fibromyalgiesyndrom
  • 104 Accesses

Zusammenfassung

Auf die Probleme in der Diagnose und Differenzialdiagnose des Fibromyalgie- (FMS) und chronischen Müdigkeitssyndroms (CFS) sowie ihre Zuordnung zu einem übergeordneten Formenkreis, dem „funktionellen somatischen Syndrom“ [8], wird im folgenden Kapitel eingegangen. Da eindeutige diagnostische Kriterien fehlen, basiert die Erkennung dieser Krankheitsbilder auf dem Ausschluss andered Erkrankungen [15]. Zahlreiche laborchemische, virologische und immunologische Untersuchungen wurden in den letzten Jahren immer wieder durchgeführt mit dem Ziel, FMS oder CFS-relevante Parameter zu identifizieren, auch in der Hoffnung, damit einen besseren Einblick in die Ätiopathogenese dieser funktionellen Erkrankungen zu erhalten.Ohne zwischen CFS/FMS detailliert zu unterscheiden, werden im Folgenden die relevanten Befunde besprochen.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literatur

  1. Ablashi DV, Eastman HB, Owen CB et al. (2000) Frequent HHV-6 reactivation in multiple sclerosis (MS) and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) patients. J Clin Virol 16: 179–191

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Alarcón-Segovia D, Cabral AR (1994) Antiphospholipid antibodies.Where do they come from.Where do they go to? J Rheumatol 21:982–989

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Altemus M, Dale JK, Michelson D et al. (2001) Abnormalities in response to vasopressin infusion in chronic fatigue syndrome. Psychoneuroimmunology 26:175–188

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Anderberg UM, Uvnas-Moberg K (2000) Plasma oxytocin levels in female fibromyalgia syndrome patients.J Rheumatol 59:373–379

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Angele MK, Ayala A, Cioffi WG, Bland KI, Chaudry ICH (1998) Testosterone: the culprit for producing splenocyte immune depression after trauma hemorrhage. Am J Physiol 274:C1530–C1536

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Aoki T, Usuda Y, Miyakoshi H, Tamura K, Herbman RB (1987) Low natural killer syndrome: clinical and immunologic features. Nat Immun 6:116–128

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Asherson RA, Cervera R (1992) The antiphospholipid syndrome: a syndrome in evolution, Ann Rheum Dis 51: 147–150

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Barsky AJ, Borus JF (1999) Functional somatic syndromes. Ann Intern Med 130:910–921

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Barth H, Klein R, Berg PA (2001) L-tryptophan contamination „peak E“ induces the release of IL-5 and IL-10 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with functional somatic syndromes. Clin. Exp Immunol 126: 187–192

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Bates DW, Buchwald D, Lee J et al. (1995) Clinical laboratory test findings in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Arch Intern Med 155:97–103

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Behan PO, Behan WMH, Bell EJ (1985) The postviral fatigue syndrome-an analysis of the findings in 50 cases. J Infect 10.211–222

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Bennett RM, Clark SR, Campbell SM, Burckhardt.CS (1992) Low levels of somatomedin C in patients with the fibromyalgia syndrome. Arthritis Rheum 35:1113–1116

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Benten WP, Lieberherr M, Giese G et al. (1999) Functional testosterone receptors in plasma membranes of cells. Fed Am Soc Exp Biol J 13:123–133

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Berg D, Berg LH, Couvaras J, Harrison H (1999) Chronic fatigue syndrome and/or fibromyalgia as a variation of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: an explanatory model and:approach to laboratory diagnosis. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 10:435–438

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Berg PA, Klein R (1994) Fibromyalgie-Syndrom. Eine neuroendokrinologische Autoimmunerkrankung? Dtsch Med Wochenschr 119:429–435

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Blalock JE (1994) The syntax of immune-neuroendocrine communication. Immunol Today 15:504–511

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Buchwald D, Wener MH, Pearlman T, Kith P (1997) Markers of inflammation and immune activation in chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome. J Rheumatol 24: 372–376

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Burdge DR, O’Hanlon DP (1993) Experience at a referral center for patients with suspected Lyme disease in an area of nonendemicity: first 65 patients. Clin Infect Dis 16:558–560

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Cervera R, Piette JC, Font J et al. (2002) Antiphospholipid Syndrome. Clinical and immunologic manifestations and patterns of disease expression in a cohort of 1.000 patients. Arthritis Rheum 46:10191027

    Google Scholar 

  20. Chao CC, Janoff EN, Hu S et al. (1991) Altered cytokine release in periphral blood mononuclear cell cultures from patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome. Cytokine 3:292–298

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Cheney PR, Dorman SE, Bell DS (1989) Interleukin-2 and the chronic fatigue syndrome (letter). Ann Intern Med 110:321

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Chikanza IC (1999) Prolactin and neuroimmunomodulation in vitro and in vivo observations. Ann N Y Acad Sci 876:119–130

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Chrousos GP, Torpy DJ, Gold PW (1998) Interactions between the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the female reproduction system, clinical implications. Ann Int Med 129:229–240

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Clark R (1997) The somatogenic hormones and insulin-like growth factor-1: stimulation of lymphopoiesis and immune function. Endocrinol Rev 18:157–179

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Cleare Ai, Blair D, Chambers S, Wessely S (2001) Urinary free cortisol in chronic fatigue syndrome. Am J Psychiatry 158:641–643

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Cleare AJ, Sookdeo SS, Jones J, O’Keane V, Miel IJP(2000) Integrity of the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor system is maintained in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85:1433–1439

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Cohen IR, Cooke A (1986) Natural autoantibodies might prevent autoimmune disease. Immunol Today 7: 363–364

    Google Scholar 

  28. Copian JD, Tamir H, Calaprice D et al. (1998) Plasma antiserotonin and serotonin anti-idiotypic antibodies are elvated in panic disorder. Neuropsychopharm 1999 20: 386–391

    Google Scholar 

  29. Correale J, Arias M, Gilmore W (1998) Steroid hormone regulation of cytokine secretion by proteolipid protein-specific CD4+T cell clones isolated from multiple sclerosis patients and normal control subjects. J Immunol 161: 3365–3374

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Csillag C (1992) Fibromyalgia.The Copenhagen declaration. Lancet 340:663

    Google Scholar 

  31. De Meirieir K, Bisba IC, Campine I et al. (2000) A 37 kDa 2–5A binding protein as a potential biochemical marker for chronic fatigue syndrome. Am J Med 108:99–105

    Google Scholar 

  32. Demitrack M, Gold PW, Chrousos GP et al. (1991) Evidence for the impaired activation of the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal axis in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 73:1224–1234

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Dinerman H, Goldenberg DL, Felson DT (1986) A prospective evaluation of 118 patients with the fibro-myalgia syndrome. Prevalence of Raynaud’s phenome-non, sicca symptoms, ANA, low complement and Ig de interleukin-2 secretion in patients with primary fibro-position at the dermal-epidermal junction.J Rheumatol 13:368–373

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Dinser R, Halama T, Hoffmann A (2000) Stringent endocrinological testing reveals subnormal growth hormone secretion in some patients with fibromyalgia syndrome but rarely severe growth hormone deficiency. J RheumatoI 27: 2482–2488

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Downing JEG, Miyan JA (2000) Neural immunoregulation: emerging roles for nerves in immune homeostasis and disease.lmmunol Today 21 :281–289

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Elenkov IJ, Wilder RL, Chrousos Gp, Vizi ES (2000) The sympathetic nerve — an integrative interface between two supersystems: the brain and the immune system. Pharmacol Rev 52:595–638

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Enbom M, Linde A, Evengard B (2000) No evidence for active infection with human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) or HHV-8 in chronic fatigue syndrome. J Clin Microbiol 38: 2457

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Evengard B, Briese T, Lindh G, Lee S, Lipkin W (1999) Absence of evidence of Borna disease virus infection in Swedish patients with chronic fatigue syndrome.J Virol 5:495–499

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Ewig S (1993) Das Chronische Mlidigkeitssyndrom. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 118:1373–1380

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Ferraccioli G, Guerra P, Rizzi V, Baraldo M, Salaffi F, Furlanut M, Bartoli E (1994) Somatomedin C (insulin-like growth factor 1) levels decrease during acute changes of stress related hormones. Relevance for fibromyalgia. J Rheumatol 21 :1332–1334

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Fukuda K, Straus SE, Hickie I, Sharpe MC, Dobbins JG, Komaroff A, The International Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Study Group (1995) The Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A comprehensive approach to its definition and study. Ann Intern Med 123:74–76

    Google Scholar 

  42. Giles I, Isenberg D (2000) Fatigue in primary Sjogren’s syndrome: is there a link with the fibromyalgia syndrome? Ann Rheum Dis 59:875–878

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Gin W, Christiansen FT, Peter JB (1989) Immune function and the chronic fatigue syndrome. Med J Aust 151: 117–118

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Goldenberg DL (1989) Fibromyalgia and its relation to chronic fatigue syndrome, viral illness and immune abnormalities. J Rheumatol 16 [SuppI19]:91–91

    Google Scholar 

  45. Goldstein JA (1994) Fibromyalgia syndrome: A pain modulation disorder related to altered limbic function? Baillieres Clin RheumatoI 8:839–856

    Google Scholar 

  46. Griep EN, Boersma JW, de Kloet ER (1993) Altered reactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-a’drenal axis in the primary fibromyalgia syndlome. J. Rheumatol 20: 469–474

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Griep EN, Boersma JW, de Kloet ER (1994) Pituitary release of growth hormone and prolactin in the primary fibromyalgia syndrome. J Rheumatol 21 :2125–2130

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Haas HS, Schauenstein K (1997)Neuroimmunomodulation via limbic structures — the.- neuroanatomy of psychoimmunology. Progr Neurobiol 51 :195–222

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Hader N, Rimon D, Kinarty A, Lahat N (1991) Altered interleukin-2 secretion in patients with primary fibromyalgia syndrome. Arthritis Rheum 34:866–872

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Hamaty D, Valentine JL, Howard R, Howard CW, Wakefield V, Patten MS (1989) The plasma endorphin, prostaglandin and catecholamine profile of patients with fibrositis treated with cyclobenzaprine and placebo: a 5-month study. J Rheumatol 16 [Suppl 19]: 164–168

    Google Scholar 

  51. Hannan KL, Berg DE, Baumzweiger W et al. (2000) Activation of the coagulation system in Gulf War Illness: a potential pathophysiologic link with chronic fatigue syndrome. A laboratory approach to diagnOSis. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 11 :673–678

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Hanson SJ, Gause W, Natelson B (2001) Detection of immunologically significant factors for chronic fatigue syndrome using neural-network classifiers. Clin Diagn Lab ImmunoI 8:658–662

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Heim C, Ehlert U, Hellhammer DH (2000) The potential role of hypocortisolism in the pathophysiology of stress-related bodily disorders. Psychoneuroendocrinology 25:1–35

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Hernanz W, Valenzuela A, Quijaa J et al. (1994) Lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with primary fibromyalgia. J Rheumatol 21 :2122–4

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Hey T, Breull A, Fischer GC, Verhagen W (1998) E.-coliBakteriophagen assoziiert mit primarem Fibromyalgiesyndrom. Fortschr Med 116:19–20

    Google Scholar 

  56. Hidaka Y, Amino N (1998) Stress, endocrine, and immune system: stress induces the onset of autoimmune diseases. Rinsho Byori Japanese J Clin Pathol 46: 581–586

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Holmes GP, Kaplan JE, Gantz NM et al. (1988) Chronic fatigue syndrome: a working case definition. Ann Intern Med 108:387–389

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Hudson JI, Goldenberg DL, Pope HG, Keck PE, Schlesinger L (1992) Comorbidity of fibromyalgia with medical and psychiatric disorders. Am J Med 92:363–367

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Hudson JI, Hudson MS, Pliner LF, Goldenberg DL, Pope HG(1985). Fibromyalgia and major affective disorder: a controlled phenomenology and family history study. AmJ Psychiatry 142:441–446

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Hudson JI, Pope HG (1994) The concept of affective spectrum disorder: relationship to fibromyalgia and other syndromes of chronic fatigue and chronic muscle pairv. Baillieres Clin RheumatoI 8:839–856

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. . Itoh Y, Igarashi T, Tatsuma N et al. (2000) Immunogenetic background of patients with autoimmune fatigue syndmme. Autoimmunity 32:193–197

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Katz RS, Kravitz HM (1996) Fibromyalgia, depression, and alcoholism: a family history study. J Rheumatol 23: 149–154

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Kavelaars A, Kuis W, Knook L, Sinnema G, Heijnen CJ (2000) Disturbed neuroendocrine-immune interactions in chronic fatigue syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85:692–696

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Kawashima Ki Fujii T (2000) Extraneural cholinergic system in lymphocytes. Pharmacol Ther 86:29–48

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Klein R, Berg PA (1995) High incidence of antibodies to 5-hydroxytryptamine, gangliosides and phospholipids in patients with chronic fatigue and fibromyalgia syndrome and their relatives:evidence for a clinical entity of both disorders. Eur J Med Res 1:21–26

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Klein R, Berg PA. (1994) A comparative study on antibodies to nucleoli and 5-hydroxytryptamine in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome and tryptophan-induced eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome. Clin Invest 72:541–549

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Klein R, Berg PA (2002) Diagnostic relevance of antibodies to serotonin and phospholipids in fibromyalgia syndrome.J Rheumatol 29:395–396

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Klimas NG, Salvato FR, Morgan R, Fletcher MA (1990) Immunologic abnormalities in chronic fatigue syndrome.J Clin Microbiol 28:1403–1410

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Knook L, Kavelaars A, Sinnema G, Kuis W, Heijnen CJ (2000) High nocturnal melatonin in adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85:3690–3692

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Kohm AP, Sanders VM (2000) Norepinephrine:a messenger from the brain to the immune system. Immunol Today 21:539–542

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Konstantinov K, von Mikecz A, Buchwald D, Jones J, Gerace L, Tan EM (1996) Autoantibodies to nuclear envelope antigens in chronic fatigue syndrome. J Clin Invest 98:1888–1896

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Korszun A, Young EA, Engleberg NC, Masterson L, Dawson EC, Spindler K, McClure LA, Brown MB, Crofford LJ (2000) Follicular phase hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis function in women with fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome.J Rheumatol 27:1526–1530

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Landay AL, Jessop C, Lennette ET, Levy JA (1991) Chronic fatigue syndrome:Clinical condition associated with immune activation. Lancet 338:707–712

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Larsson AA, Giovengo SL, Russell IJ, Michalek JE (2000) Changes in the concentrations of amino acids in the cerebrospinal fluid that correlate with pain in patients with fibromyalgia: implications for nitric oxide pathways. Pain 87:201–211

    Google Scholar 

  75. Linde A, Hammerstrom L, Smith CIE (1988) IgG subclass deficiency and chronic fatigue syndrome. Lancet 1:885–886

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Lloyd A, Hickie I, Brockman A, Dwyer J, Wakefield D (1991) Cytokine levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (letter). J Infect Dis 164:1023–1024

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Manu P, Matthews DA, Lane TJ. Food intolerance in patients with chronic fatigue (1993) Int J Eating Disorders 13:203–209

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Matarese G, LaCava A, Sanna V et al. (2002) Balancing susceptibility to infection and autoimmunity: a role for leptin? Immunol Today 23:182–187

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Mazzoni A, Young HA, Spitzer JH, Visintin A, Segal DM (2001) Histamine regulates cytokine production in maturing dendritic cells, resulting in alteresT cell polarization. J Clin Invest 108:1865–1873

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Moldofsky H (1989) Sleep and the fibrositis syndrome. Rheum Dis Clin North Amer 15:91–103

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Moorkens G, Berwaerts J, Wynants H, Abs R (2000) Characterization of pituitary function with emphasis on GH secretion in the chronic fatigue syndrome. Clin Endocrinol 53:99–106

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Morrison UA, Behan WMH, Behan PO (1991) Changes in natural killer cell phenotype in patients with post-viral fatigue syndrome. Clin Exp Immunol 83:441–446

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Mustafa A, Nyberg F, Mustafa M et al. (1997) Growth hormone stimulates production of interferon-gamma by human peripheral mononuclear cells. Human Res 48: 11–15

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Neeck G, Crofford U (2000) Neuroendocrine perturbations in fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 26:989–1002

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Neeck G, Riedel W (1992) Thyroid function in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. J Rheumatol 19: 1120–1122

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Nesher G, Margalit R, Ashkanazi YJ (2001) Anti-nuclear envelope antibodies: clinical associations. Semin Arthritis Rheum 30:313–320

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Okuma Y, Nomura Y (2001) Roles of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in interleukin-2 synthesis in lymphocytes. Jpn J Pharmacol 85:16–19

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Olin R, Klein R, Berg PA (1998) A randomised double-blind 16-week study of ritanserin in fibromyalgia syndrome: clinical outcome and analysis of autoantibodies to serotonin, gangliosides and phospholipids. Clin Rheumatol 17:89–94

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Pacák K, Palkovits M (2001) Stressor specificity of central neuroendocrine responses: implications for stress-related disorders. Endocrine Rev 22:502–548

    Google Scholar 

  90. Pall ML (2000) Elevated, sustained peroxynitrate levels as the cause of chronic fatigue syndrome. Med Hypotheses 54:115–125

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Park JH, Niermann KJ, Olsen N (2000) Evidence for metabolic abnormalities in the muscles of patients with fibromyalgia. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2:131–140

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Pellegrino MJ, Waylonis GW, Sommer A (1989) Familial occurrence of primary fibromyalgia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 70:61–63

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Qiao ZG, Vaeroy H, Morkrid L (1991) Electrodermal and microcirculatory activity in patients with fibromyalgia during baseline, acoustic stimulation and cold pressor tests. J Rheumatol 18:1383–1389

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Read R, Spickett G, Harvey J et al. (1988) IgGI subclass deficiency in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Lancet 1:241–242

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Renfro L, Feder HM Jr, Lane TJ et al. (1989) Yeast connection among 100 patients with chronic fatigue. Am J Med 86:165–168

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Riederer J (1991) Fibromyalgiesyndrom mit IgA- and IgG-Subklassenmangel. Med Klin 86:547–549

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Rook GAW, Lightman SL, Heijnen CJ (2002) Can nerve damage disrupt neuroendocrine immune homeostasis? Leprosy as a case in point. Immunol Today 23:18–22

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Rosch PJ (1992) Stress and Graves’disease. Lancet 1:428

    Google Scholar 

  99. Russell IJ (1989) Neurohormonal aspects of fibromyalgia syndrome. Rheum Dis Clin N Amer 15:149–168

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Russell IJ, Michalek JE, Vipraio GA et al. (1992) Platelet 3H-imipramine uptake receptor density and serum serotonin levels in patients with fibromyalgia/fibrositis syndrome. J Rheumatol 19:1 04–1 09

    Google Scholar 

  101. Russell IJ, Orr MD, Littman B et al. (1994) Elevated cerebrospinal fluid levels of substance P in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. Arthritis Rheum 11:1593–1601

    Google Scholar 

  102. Salit IE, The Vancouver Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Consensus Group (1996) The chronic fatigue syndrome: a position paper. J RheumatoI 23:540–544

    Google Scholar 

  103. Schauenstein K, Rinner I, Felsner P, Liebmann P, Haas HS, Wolfler A, Stevenson R, Westermann J, Cohen RL, Chambers DA (2000) The dialogue between the brain and immune system involves not only the HPA-axis. Z Rheumatol 59 [SuppI2; II]:49–53

    Google Scholar 

  104. Schneider E, Rolli-Derkinderen M, Arock M, Dy M (2002) Trends in histamine research: new functions during immune responses and hematopoiesis.Trends Immunol 23:255–263

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Scott LV, Svec F, Dinan T (2000) A preliminary study of dehydroepiandrosterone response to low-dose ACTH in chronic fatigue syndrome and in healthy subjects. Psychiatry res 97:21–28

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Shafran SD (1991) The chronic fatigue syndrome. Am J Med 90:730–739

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Shanklin DR, Stevens MV, Hall MF, Smalley DL (2000) Environmental immunogens and T-cell-mediated responses in fibromyalgia: evidence for immune dysregulation and determinants of granuloma formation. Exp Mol PathoI 69: 102–118

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Sharma HS, Nyberg F, Olsson Y (1992) Dynorphin A content in the rat brain and spinal cord after a localized trauma to the spinal cord and its modification with p-chlorophenylalanine. Neurosci Res 14:195–203

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. Sharpe MC, Archard LC, Banatvala JE et al.(1991) A report-chronic fatigue syndrome: guidelines for research. J Roy Soc Med 84:118–121

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Sherman JJ, Turk DC, Okifuji A (2000) Prevalence and impact of posttraumatic stress disorder-like symptoms on patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. Clin J Pain 16: 127–134

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Silberring J, Castello ME, Nyberg F (1992) Characterization of dynorphin A-converting enzyme in human spinal cord.J Bioi Chem 267:21324–21328

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Sirois DA, Natelson B (2001) Clinicopathological findings consistent with primary Sjogren’s syndrome in a subset of patients diagnosed with chronic fatigue syndrome: preliminary observations. J Rheumatol 28:126–131

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. Soetekouw PM, Wevers R, Vreken P et al. (2000) Normal carnitine levels in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Neth J Med 57:20–24

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  114. Steere AL (1994) Lyme disease:a growing threat to urban populations. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91: 2378–2383

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  115. Stefano GB, Salzet B, Fricchione GL (1998) Enkelytin and opioid peptide association in invertebrates and vertebrates: immune activation and pain. lmmunol Today 19: 265–268

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Sternberg EM (1993) Hyperimmune fatigue syndromes: diseases of the stress response? J Rheumatol 20: 418–421

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  117. Sternberg EM (1997) Neural-immune interactions in health and disease. J Clin Invest 100:2641–2647

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  118. Straus SE, Dale JK, Wright R, Metcalfe DD (1988) Allergy and the chronic fatigue syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immuno 182: 791–795

    Google Scholar 

  119. Straus SE, Fritz S, Dale JK, Gould B, Strober W (1993) Lymphocyte phenotype and function in the chronic fatigue syndrome. J Clin ImmunoI 13:30–40

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Straus SE, Tosato G, Armstrong G et al. (1985) Persisting illness and fatigue in adults with evidence of EpsteinBarrvirus infection. Ann Intern Med 102:7–16

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  121. Suhadolnik RJ, Peterson DL, O’Brien K et al. (1997) Biochemical evidence for a novel low molecular weight 2–5A-dependent Rnase L in chronic fatigue syndrome. J Interferon Cytokine Res 17:377–385

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  122. uhadolnik RJ, Reichenbach NL, Hitzges P et al. (1994) Upregulation of the 2–5A synthetase/RNase L antiviral defense pathway associated with chronic fatigue syndrome. Clin Infect Dis 18:596–5104

    Google Scholar 

  123. Taylor J, Skan J, Erb N et al. (2000) Lupus patients with fatigue — is there a link with fibromyalgia syndrome? Rheumatology 39:620–623

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  124. Torpy DJ, Papnikolaou DA, Lotsikas AJ et al. (2000) Responses of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to interleukin-6. A pilot study in fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheum 43:872–880

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  125. Treib J, Grauer MT, Haass A et al. (2000) Chronic fatigue syndrome in patients with Lyme borreliosis. Eur Neurol 43:107–109

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  126. Vaeroy H, Helle R, Forre O, Kass E, Terenius L (1988) Elevated CF5 levels of substance P and high incidence of Raynaud’s phenomenon in patients with fibromyalgia: new features for diagnosis. Pain 32:21–26

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  127. Vaeroy H (1996) A contribution to the understanding of pain in fibromyalgia based on cerebrospinal fluid investigations. Pain Res Manage 1:45–49

    Google Scholar 

  128. Vaeroy H, Helle R, Forre O, Kass E, Terenius L (1989) Cerebrospinal fluid levels of beta-endorphin in patients with fibromyalgia. J RheumatoI 15:1804–1806

    Google Scholar 

  129. Vaeroy H, Nyberg F, Terenius L (1991) No evidence for endorphin deficiency in fibromyalgia following investigation of cerebrospinal fluid (CF5) dynorphin A and Met-endorphin in patients with fibromyalgia (fibrositis syndrome). Pain 46:139–143

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  130. Vaeroy H, Qiao ZG, Morkrid L, Forre O (1989) Altered sympathetic nervous response in patients with fibromyalgia (fibrositis syndrome). J RheumatoI 16:1460–1465

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Visser J, Lentjes E, Haspels I et al.(2001) Increased sensitivityto glucocorticoids in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of chronic fatigue syndrome patients, without evidence for altered density or affinity of glucocorticoid receptors. J Invest Med 49:195–204

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Visser JT, DeKloet ER, Nagelkerken L (2000) Altered glucocorticoid regulation of the immune response in the chronic fatigue syndrome. Ann NY Acad Sci 917:868–75

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  133. Mikecz A von, Konstantinov K, Buchwald DS, Gerace L, Tan EM (1997) High frequency of autoantibodies to insoluble cellular antigens in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Arthritis Rheum 40:295–305

    Google Scholar 

  134. Wakefield D, Lloyd A, Brockman A (1990) Immunoglobulin subclass abnormalities in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Pediatr Infect DisJ 9:550–53

    Google Scholar 

  135. Werle E, Fischer HP, Muller A, Fiehn W, Eich W (2001) Antibodies against serotonin have no diagnostic relevance in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. J Rheumatol 28: 595–600

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  136. Wittrup IH, Christensen LS, Jensen B et al. (2000) Search for Borna disease virus in Danish fibromyalgia patients. Scand J Rheumatol 29:387–390

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  137. Wolfe F, Smythe HA, Yunus MB et al. (1990) The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of fibromyalgia. Report of the multicenter criteria commettee. Arthrits Rheum 33:160–172

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. Yunus MB (1994) Psychological aspects of fibromyalgia syndrome:a component of the dysfunctional spectrum syndrome. Baillieres Clin Rheumatol 8:811–837

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  139. Yunus MB, Dailey JW, Aldag JC et al. (1992) Plasma tryptophan and other amino acids in primary fibromyalgia:a controlled study. J Rheumatol 19:90–94

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  140. Yunus MB, Denko CV, Masi AT (1986) Serum beta-endorphin in primary fibromyalgia syndrome: a controlled study. J Rheumatol 13:183–186

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  141. Nicholls JG, Martin AR, Wallace BG (eds) (2002) Vom Neuron zum Gehirn. Spektrum, Heidelberg Berlin

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2003 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Klein, R. (2003). Mit chronischem Müdigkeits- bzw. Fibromyalgie- syndrom assoziierte Manifestationen: Ausdruck einer Dysbalance im neuroendokrinoimmunologischen Regelkreis?. In: Berg, P.A. (eds) Chronisches Müdigkeits- und Fibromyalgiesyndrom. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19026-1_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19026-1_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-44194-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-19026-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics