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Pulmonary Mycobacterial Infections in Patients with Hematological Malignancies

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Pulmonary Involvement in Patients with Hematological Malignancies

Abstract

Pulmonary tuberculosis is a rare event in patients with hematological malignancies. Prevalence has been reported to range from 1% to 10%. The risk factors are: geographic localization, malnutrition, old age, steroids, cytotoxic chemotherapy, radiotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Reactivation of an old infection is usually associated with immunosuppression, and disseminated infections occur in up to 10% of patients. The diagnosis of tuberculosis is usually difficult despite the recent advances in diagnostic tools. Empirical therapy may become a life-saving option in a patient with strongly suspected tuberculous infection. Prolonged treatment is required in: disseminated infection, severe immunosuppression and slow response to therapy. Bone marrow suppression and disordered hepatic function are serious side effects of therapy. Isoniazid is valuable in chemoprophylaxis and in the treatment of latent infections. Corticosteroids and surgical intervention may be employed. Macrolides are effective in the treatment of nontuberculous mycobacteria. Development of multidrug resistant strains and noncompliance with treatment are real concerns.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Section of Adult Hematology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Oncology Centre, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, 15215, Dammam, 31444, Saudi Arabia

    Khalid A. Al-Anazi

  2. Central Laboratory, Ministry of Health, 61734, Riyadh, 11575, Saudi Arabia

    Asma M. Al-Jasser

Authors
  1. Khalid A. Al-Anazi
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  2. Asma M. Al-Jasser
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Correspondence to Khalid A. Al-Anazi .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Saint Louis, Avenue Claude Vellefaux 1, Paris, 75010, France

    Elie Azoulay

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Al-Anazi, K.A., Al-Jasser, A.M. (2011). Pulmonary Mycobacterial Infections in Patients with Hematological Malignancies. In: Azoulay, E. (eds) Pulmonary Involvement in Patients with Hematological Malignancies. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15742-4_30

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15742-4_30

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