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Die genetische und funktionelle Diversität von Böden

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Mikrobiologie von Böden

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Zusammenfassung

Bodenlandschaften mit ihren unterschiedlichen Bodentypen besitzen aufgrund der standortspezifischen klimatischen, botanischen und chemisch-physikalischen Eigenschaften eine fast endlose Anzahl und Vielfalt ökologischer Mikronischen (im Mikrometerbereich). Die heterogene Verteilung und Strukturierung der festen Phasen (Mineral- und Humuskörper), der Pflanzenwurzeln (Rhizosphären; Kap. 17), des Porenraums (Bodenlösung und Gasphase) und der bevorzugten Transportwege (preferential flow) sind Ursache dafür, dass die Mikronischen und ihre mikrobiellen Lebensgemeinschaften (hot spots) unregelmäßig mosaikartig verteilt sind. Im Allgemeinen nimmt die räumliche Heterogenität von Böden in der Reihung Waldboden > Grünland > Ackerstandort deutlich ab. Eine große räumliche (und zeitliche) Heterogenität bedeutet in der Regel eine hohe Diversität (Vielfalt) an Organismen.

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  1. Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus Liebig-Universität, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26–32, 35392, Gießen, Deutschland

    Professor em. Dr. sc. agr. habil. Johannes C. G. Ottow

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Ottow, J. (2011). Die genetische und funktionelle Diversität von Böden. In: Mikrobiologie von Böden. Springer-Lehrbuch. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00824-5_4

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