Abstract
The main aim of pharmaceutical technology research is the design of successful formulations for effective therapy, taking into account several issues including therapeutic requirements and patient compliance. In this regard, several achievements have been reported with colloidal carriers, in particular with lipid nanoparticles, due to their unique physicochemical properties. For several years these carriers have been showing potential success for several administration routes, namely oral, dermal, parenteral, and, more recently, for pulmonary and brain targeting. The present chapter provides a review of the use of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) to modify the release profile and the pharmacokinetic parameters of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) incorporated in these lipid matrices, aiming to modify the API bioavailability, either upwards or downwards depending on the therapeutic requirement. Definitions of the morphological characteristics, surface properties, and polymorphic structures will also be given, emphasizing their influence on the incorporation parameters of the API, such as yield of production, loading capacity, and encapsulation efficiency.
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Abbreviations
- AFM:
-
Atomic force microscopy
- API:
-
Active pharmaceutical ingredient
- AUC:
-
Area under the curve
- BBB:
-
Blood–brain barrier
- BSC:
-
Biopharmaceutical classification system
- CNS:
-
Central nervous system
- DSC:
-
Differential scanning calorimetry
- EE:
-
Encapsulation efficiency
- ESR:
-
Electron spin resonance
- FFF:
-
Field flow fractionation
- GIT:
-
Gastrointestinal tract
- HLB:
-
Hydrophilic–lipophilic balance
- HPH:
-
High pressure homogenization
- IES:
-
Inter-endothelial cell slits
- LC:
-
Loading capacity
- LD:
-
Laser diffractometry
- LDL:
-
Low density lipoproteins
- LHRH:
-
Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone
- MPS:
-
Mononuclear phagocytic system
- NLC:
-
Nanostructured lipid carriers
- NMR:
-
Nuclear magnetic resonance
- PCS:
-
Photon correlation spectroscopy
- PEG:
-
Polyethylene glycol
- RES:
-
Reticulo-endothelial system
- SAXS:
-
Small angle X-ray scattering
- SEM:
-
Scanning electron microscopy
- SFEE:
-
Supercritical fluid extraction of emulsion
- SLN:
-
Solid lipid nanoparticles
- TEM:
-
Transmission electron microscopy
- TPGS:
-
d-α-Tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1,000 succinate
- WAXS:
-
Wide angle X-ray scattering
- YP:
-
Yield of production
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Souto, E.B., Müller, R.H. (2010). Lipid Nanoparticles: Effect on Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetic Changes. In: Schäfer-Korting, M. (eds) Drug Delivery. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 197. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00477-3_4
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