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Environmental Selection Pressures Shaping the Pulmonary Surfactant System of Adult and Developing Lungs

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Cardio-Respiratory Control in Vertebrates

Abstract

Pulmonary surfactant is comprised of lipids and proteins. Environmental variables — temperature, pressure and hypoxia — represent powerful evolutionary selection pressures that have shaped the evolution of the system in adult and developing lungs. We review how the composition, structure and function of surfactant changes dramatically in response to temperature. Physical forces, e.g. stretching of the alveolar basement membrane, fluid distension of the lung during development, or cyclical compression and relaxation of the lipid film also affect the secretion, maturation and physical function of surfactant. Here we also review how high hydrostatic pressures experienced by diving mammals influence the molecular, biochemical, cellular and physiological characteristics of surfactant. Also, hypoxia predominantly exerts its effect on maturation of the surfactant lipids and proteins via the endocrine system in developing organisms. However, the influence of hypoxia on the adult surfactant system is unknown. We summarise the major discoveries concerning how temperature, pressure and hypoxia have influenced the pulmonary surfactant system.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the Australian Research Council (ARC) for financial support and acknowledge the contributions of our postgraduate students over the past 20 years.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sansom Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, R6-18 City East Campus, University of South Australia, 5001, Adelaide, SA, Australia

    S. Orgeig

  2. School of Natural and Built Environments, University of South Australia, 2BJ-17 City East Campus, 2001, Adelaide, SA, Australia

    C. B. Daniels

Authors
  1. S. Orgeig
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  2. C. B. Daniels
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Correspondence to S. Orgeig .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Fac. Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirao Preto, 14040-901, Brazil

    Mogens L. Glass

  2. School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, 87131, U.S.A.

    Stephen C. Wood

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© 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Orgeig, S., Daniels, C.B. (2009). Environmental Selection Pressures Shaping the Pulmonary Surfactant System of Adult and Developing Lungs. In: Glass, M., Wood, S. (eds) Cardio-Respiratory Control in Vertebrates. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-93985-6_10

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