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Chemical Pulp Mills as Biorefineries

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An Integrated Approach for Added-Value Products from Lignocellulosic Biorefineries

Abstract

Forest-based biorefinery is a multiplatform unit converting lignocellulosic biomass into several intermediates and final products according to different transformation pathways. Among intermediates and final products, cellulose, lignin, biofuels, and simple sugars stand out as commodities, while some general examples of specialties are flavoring agents, intermediates for chemical synthesis, and building blocks for polymers. Most of these specialties come from further conversion of commodities via different conversion and separation routes. Similarly, to a refinery, these units start with a complex and multicomponent matrix (crude oil versus biomass) and its fractionation and conversion into a variety of products which will serve as feedstock to another industrial step. Different levels of conversion platforms can be considered in a single biorefinery, from high production (low price) to small production for a specific market (high price).

Pulp industry has been recognized as the leading industrial sector in biorefining since a long time ago due to the raw materials and to the integrated production of pulp (cellulose) and energy, mostly provided by burning lignin of the black liquor. In a more extended sense, pulp and paper industry is an example of realistic circular (bio)economy implementation, considering energy cycle, water recycle in the process, and chemical recovery cycle and on-site production. In the following sections, a general overview about chemical pulping will be given. The most common side stream and chemical recovery processes will be addressed along with the main steps for integration of biorefinery processes in pulp mills. Finally, recent advances of lignin end uses and new perspectives will be presented.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Associate Laboratory LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

    Alírio Egídio Rodrigues & Carina Andreia Esteves da Costa

  2. RAIZ- Forest and Paper Research Institute, Aveiro, Portugal

    Paula Cristina de Oliveira Rodrigues Pinto & Maria Inês Ferreira da Mota

  3. Associate Laboratory LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, IPB - Bragança Polytechnic Institute, Bragança, Portugal

    Maria Filomena Barreiro & Isabel Fernandes

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Rodrigues, A.E., Pinto, P.C.d.O.R., Barreiro, M.F., Esteves da Costa, C.A., Ferreira da Mota, M.I., Fernandes, I. (2018). Chemical Pulp Mills as Biorefineries. In: An Integrated Approach for Added-Value Products from Lignocellulosic Biorefineries. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99313-3_1

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